A Novel Approach to the Study of Briggs-Rauscher Reaction

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punchayil Velayudhan Nair Lalitha ◽  
Renganathan Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Mixed Media ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Oscillatory Systems ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
Acidic Hydrogen

The Briggs-Rauscher reaction with substrates containing acidic hydrogen such as malonic acid, acetonyl acetone has been studied. The employment of mixed media involving an organic solvent and water enabled the study of water-insoluble substrates. The present communication reports the oscillatory behaviour of malonic acid in the iodate system in different mixed media (5 vol.% of the organic solvent) as well as the oscillatory behaviour of seven substrates in acetonitrile-water mixed medium of which two are new substrates hitherto unreported in any of the oscillatory systems.

Study of Briggs Rauscher Oscillatory Reaction in Aqueous Acetonitrile Mixed Medium

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1596-1605
Author(s):  
Punchayil V. Lalitha ◽  
Natesan Balasubramanian ◽  
Ranganathan Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Media ◽  
Oscillatory Reaction ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Cyanoacetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Acetonitrile ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
Acetonitrile Concentration

The oscillatory behaviour of two new substrates namely, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and cyanoacetic acid in the Briggs Rauscher (B-R) system was studied in detail employing a mixed medium: aqueous acetonitrile. The effect of acetonitrile concentration on the oscillatory behaviour is investigated. It is found that employing the aqueous organic mixed media is highly beneficial in the oscillatory study, enabling the study of water-insoluble substances.

The oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction with flavones in batch systems using aqueous–DMF mixed medium

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Maya ◽  
P.V. Lalitha ◽  
R. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Oscillatory Systems ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
First Time ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction ◽  
Soluble Substrate

Oscillatory systems of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky type with flavones as substrates are described for the first time. Since quercetin and morin are water insoluble, a mixed medium containing DMF and water was used with one of the three catalysts Ce(III), ferroin, or Mn(II). The oscillatory behaviour of a water-soluble substrate (gallic acid) was studied in nine different aqueous–organic mixed media as well as in pure aqueous medium in the bromate–Ce(III) system. The results obtained from a catalyzed system with quercetin or morin as the substrate in an aqueous–organic mixed medium are in agreement with the accepted (FKN) mechanism for an aqueous system.

Practicality Assessment of a Frugal Nanoparticle Generator: Opening doors to Nano Pharmaceuticals for the researchers and students of underprivileged academic institutions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swayamprakash Patel ◽  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Mruduka Patel ◽  
Umang Shah ◽  
Mehul Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment

Background: Probe sonication and High-speed homogenizer are comparatively costly equipment to fabricate the nanoparticles. Many academic and research institutions cannot afford the procurement and maintenance of such sophisticated equipment. In the present work, a newer idea is conceptualized, which can be adopted by the underprivileged research institutions to fabricate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in the absence of sophisticated equipment. The current work describes the pilot-level trials of this novel approach. This study represents the preliminary proof-of-concept trials for which the Indian patent application (3508/MUM/2015) is filed. Method: A frugal piece of equipment was made using a 50 ml centrifuge tube with conical bottom and a piezoelectric mist maker or humidifier. SLNs were prepared by combining the quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation approach and ultrasonic vibration approach. A quasi-emulsion was composed by the dropwise mixing of the organic solvent containing drug & lipid with an aqueous solution containing surfactant under continuous ultrasonic vibration in the piezoelectric chamber. The size of the droplets was significantly reduced due to piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration. Under the provision of mild vacuum and heat generated by vibration, the organic solvent was evaporated, which leaves behind a suspension of SLN. In the present work, albendazole was selected as a model drug. Various trials with Compritol 888 ATO® and Precirol ATO 5® as a lipid carrier and Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 as a surfactant were performed. Zeta potential of SLNs was improved by the addition of polyelectrolytes like K2SO4 and Na4P2O7. Result and Conclusion: The ratio of drug to lipid was optimized to 1:4 for the most favorable results. SLN with a minimum Z-average diameter of 98.59 nm, -21 mV zeta potential, and 34.064 % (SD 10.78, n=9) entrapment efficiency were developed using the Precirol ATO 5 ® as a lipid carrier. The proof of concept for this novel approach is established through the development of Albendazole SLNs. This approach must also be evaluated for the development of polymeric nanoparticles and vesicular formulations. The further sophistication of the frugal equipment may allow more control over the quality of SLN. This approach will enable underprivileged researchers to prepare Nanopharmaceuticals. Researchers and students of such institutions can focus on the application of SLN by resolving the constraint of sophisticated equipment with this novel approach. This novel approach should also be tried for polymeric and vesicular nanopharmaceuticals.

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