Feedback Reactor with Continuous Injection of One Reaction Component with Potentiometric Indication

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1385-1392
Author(s):  
František Skopal
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Constant ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Reaction Component ◽  
Reactant Solution

The time dependence of the volume of one reactant solution injected into the other was derived. The injection is feedback-controlled to hold the reaction mixture potential constant. The theoretical relations were tested in a feedback reactor on two second-order reactions.

A feedback reactor with continuous injection of one reaction component using spectrophotometric indication I

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-938
Author(s):  
František Skopal
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Reaction Component

The time dependence of the volume of solution of one reaction component injected continuously to the solution of the other reaction component is derived for the case that the injection is controlled by feedback to hold the absorbance of the reaction mixture constant. An experimental apparatus based on this principle has been set up and its function tested on two 2nd order reactions, whereby the theoretical relations derived for the determination of the rate constants have also been verified.

scholarly journals FACTORIZATION OF THE CHARGE CORRELATION FUNCTION IN $B^0 {\bar B}^0$ OSCILLATIONS

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 2937-2943
Author(s):  
G. V. DASS ◽  
K. V. L. SARMA
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Cp Violation ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aleph Collaboration ◽  
The Asymmetry

Extraction of the mass difference Δm from [Formula: see text] oscillations involves tagging of bottom flavor at production and at decay. The charge correlation function is the asymmetry between the unmixed and mixed events. In their data using the lepton-jet-method, the ALEPH collaboration recently verified that this asymmetry factorizes into two parts, one depending on the production tag and the other on the decay tag. Except for this particular "verification", analyses of experiments on the time-dependence of beon oscillations have been assuming this factorization, without statement or explanation of their assumption. We theoretically explain this factorization as arising from the neglect of terms which involve CP-violation in the second order.

A feedback reactor for discontinuous feed of a reaction component with spectrophotometric indication

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1022-1032
Author(s):  
František Skopal
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irreversible Reaction ◽  
Reaction Component

The absorbance-time dependence has been derived for a repeated arbitrary feed of one reaction component into solution of the other component controlled by the feedback. On the basis of the expressions derived, methods have been suggested for determination of the rate constant of irreversible reaction of the IInd order, and they have been experimentaly tested on two reactions.

The Dark Tetrad

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Boban Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are personality traits understood to be dispositions toward amoral and antisocial behavior. Recent research has suggested that sadism should also be added to this set of traits. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis proposing that these four traits are expressions of one superordinate construct: The Dark Tetrad. Exploration of the latent space of four “dark” traits suggested that the singular second-order factor which represents the Dark Tetrad can be extracted. Analysis has shown that Dark Tetrad traits can be located in the space of basic personality traits, especially on the negative pole of the Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotionality dimensions. We conclude that sadism behaves in a similar manner as the other dark traits, but it cannot be reduced to them. The results support the concept of “Dark Tetrad.”

scholarly journals New oscillation criteria for second-order neutral differential equations with distributed deviating arguments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Moaaz ◽  
Choonkil Park ◽  
Elmetwally M. Elabbasy ◽  
Waed Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Riccati Transformation ◽  
Transformation Technique ◽  
Deviating Arguments ◽  
Neutral Differential Equations ◽  
Second Order Differential Equations ◽  
Continuous Delay ◽  
New Criteria

AbstractIn this work, we create new oscillation conditions for solutions of second-order differential equations with continuous delay. The new criteria were created based on Riccati transformation technique and comparison principles. Furthermore, we obtain iterative criteria that can be applied even when the other criteria fail. The results obtained in this paper improve and extend the relevant previous results as illustrated by examples.

Neural computation of motion in the fly visual system: quadratic nonlinearity of responses induced by picrotoxin in the HS and CH cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2665-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kondoh ◽  
Y. Hasegawa ◽  
J. Okuma ◽  
F. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Order Term ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Nonlinear Component ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Kernel

1. A computational model accounting for motion detection in the fly was examined by comparing responses in motion-sensitive horizontal system (HS) and centrifugal horizontal (CH) cells in the fly's lobula plate with a computer simulation implemented on a motion detector of the correlation type, the Reichardt detector. First-order (linear) and second-order (quadratic nonlinear) Wiener kernels from intracellularly recorded responses to moving patterns were computed by cross correlating with the time-dependent position of the stimulus, and were used to characterize response to motion in those cells. 2. When the fly was stimulated with moving vertical stripes with a spatial wavelength of 5-40 degrees, the HS and CH cells showed basically a biphasic first-order kernel, having an initial depolarization that was followed by hyperpolarization. The linear model matched well with the actual response, with a mean square error of 27% at best, indicating that the linear component comprises a major part of responses in these cells. The second-order nonlinearity was insignificant. When stimulated at a spatial wavelength of 2.5 degrees, the first-order kernel showed a significant decrease in amplitude, and was initially hyperpolarized; the second-order kernel was, on the other hand, well defined, having two hyperpolarizing valleys on the diagonal with two off-diagonal peaks. 3. The blockage of inhibitory interactions in the visual system by application of 10-4 M picrotoxin, however, evoked a nonlinear response that could be decomposed into the sum of the first-order (linear) and second-order (quadratic nonlinear) terms with a mean square error of 30-50%. The first-order term, comprising 10-20% of the picrotoxin-evoked response, is characterized by a differentiating first-order kernel. It thus codes the velocity of motion. The second-order term, comprising 30-40% of the response, is defined by a second-order kernel with two depolarizing peaks on the diagonal and two off-diagonal hyperpolarizing valleys, suggesting that the nonlinear component represents the power of motion. 4. Responses in the Reichardt detector, consisting of two mirror-image subunits with spatiotemporal low-pass filters followed by a multiplication stage, were computer simulated and then analyzed by the Wiener kernel method. The simulated responses were linearly related to the pattern velocity (with a mean square error of 13% for the linear model) and matched well with the observed responses in the HS and CH cells. After the multiplication stage, the linear component comprised 15-25% and the quadratic nonlinear component comprised 60-70% of the simulated response, which was similar to the picrotoxin-induced response in the HS cells. The quadratic nonlinear components were balanced between the right and left sides, and could be eliminated completely by their contralateral counterpart via a subtraction process. On the other hand, the linear component on one side was the mirror image of that on the other side, as expected from the kernel configurations. 5. These results suggest that responses to motion in the HS and CH cells depend on the multiplication process in which both the velocity and power components of motion are computed, and that a putative subtraction process selectively eliminates the nonlinear components but amplifies the linear component. The nonlinear component is directionally insensitive because of its quadratic non-linearity. Therefore the subtraction process allows the subsequent cells integrating motion (such as the HS cells) to tune the direction of motion more sharply.

scholarly journals Die konstruksie en evaluering van 'n werks tevredenheidvraelys vir predikante

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Van Vuuren ◽  
M. Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Mate Waarin

The construction and evaluation of a job satisfaction inventory for ministers. Job satisfaction is a multidimensional construct indicating the degree of adjustment of a worker to his work. A questionnaire was constructed for measuring the various aspects of job satisfaction of ministers. It was administered to 307 ministers. First and second order factor analyses were performed on the items of the questionnaire. Three strong factors of the job satisfaction of ministers were identified, viz. satisfaction with the work as such, the minister's experience of the relationships between him and his wife on the one hand, and his church council and congregation on the other hand, and his vocational self concept. The implications of these findings are discussed. Opsomming Werkstevredenheid is 'n meerdimensionele konstruk wat 'n aanduiding gee van die mate waarin 'n werker in sy werk aanpas. 'n Vraelys om verskeie aspekte van die werkstevredenheid van predikante te meet, is gekonstrueer. Dit is op 'n steekproef van 307 predikante toegepas. Eerste- en tweedeorde-faktorontledings is op die items van die vraelys uitgevoer. Drie sterk faktore van die werkstevredenheid van predikante is geidentifiseer, te wete die belewing van sy werk as sodanig, die belewing van die verhouding tussen horn en sy vrou aan die een kant, en die kerkraad en gemeente aan die ander kant, en sy beroepselfkonsep. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word bespreek.

scholarly journals A Survey of Conceptualizations of Politeness

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Lei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
First Order ◽  
Relational Work ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Uniform Definition

<p>Along with the general trends of research from traditional Gricean approach to postmodern approach, politeness has been conceptualized as facework, social indexing concept, relational work and interactional work. Based on examination of debates over East group-oriented and Western individual-oriented politeness, first-order and second-order politeness, as well as the universality and relativity of conceptualizations, this paper has roughly demonstrated that the tension between universality and relativity of politeness can help to explain the reason for lack of uniform definition and concept in this field. It is essential for researchers to seek a universal second-order culture-general theoretical construct on one hand, and to look at first-order culture-specific constructs on the other hand.</p>

scholarly journals A Second-Order Theory of the Galilean Satellites of Jupiter

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 209-236
Author(s):  
S. Ferraz-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Order Theory ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Internal Mass ◽  
Galilean Satellites ◽  
Satellites Of Jupiter ◽  
Trigonometric Solution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Linear Mechanics

AbstractThe theory of the motion of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter is developed up to the second-order terms. The disturbing forces are those due to mutual attractions, to the non-symmetrical internal mass distribution of Jupiter and to the attraction from the Sun. The mean equator of Jupiter is taken as the reference plane and its motion is considered. The integration of the equations is performed. The geometric equations are solved for the case in which the amplitude of libration is zero. The perturbation method is shortly commented on the grounds of some recent advances in non-linear mechanics.In a previous paper (Ferraz-Mello, 1974) one perturbation theory has been constructed with special regard to the problem of the motion of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. In this problem, the motions are nearly circular and coplanar; on the other hand the quasi-resonances lead to strong perturbations. The main characteristic of the theory is that it allows the main frequencies to be kept fixed from the earlier stages, and so, to have a purely trigonometric solution.

Thermodynamics of Aluminum Deoxidization Equilibria in GCr18Mo Bearing-Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Shu Qiang Guo ◽  
Meng Ran Qiao ◽  
Hong Yan Zheng ◽  
Li Bin Qin
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Interaction Coefficients ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Order Interaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

Based on the predecessors of thermodynamic data, the relationship between aluminum contents and oxygen contents of the aluminum deoxidization reaction was calculated. And the influence of activity coefficient to the reaction equilibrium in bearing-steel is analyzed. First-order and second-order interaction coefficients were used to calculate and draw the equilibrium curves, respectively. The effects of different temperature and different interaction parameters on the deoxidization equilibrium curves were studied. And through the curve the influence of the change of aluminum contents to the activity can be known. The trend of the curve with first-order interaction parameters is consistent with the curve with first-order and second-order interaction parameters at the low Al concentration region. And the oxygen contents of curve with first-order interaction parameters are higher than the other curve at the high Al concentration region

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