The Na+, K+/CN-, I- binary systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1741-1749
Author(s):  
Milan Drátovský ◽  
Bohumír Grüner ◽  
Ivan Horsák ◽  
Jiří Makovička
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Smoothing Spline ◽  
Spline Functions ◽  
Solidus Curve

The phase diagram of the KCN-KI binary system was measured and the published phase diagrams of the KCN-NaCN, NaI-KI and NaCN-NaI systems were verified and completed. The systems form solid solutions with minima on the liquidus and solidus curves. The solid solutions in the KCN-KI system probably have a high segregation temperature, close to the solidus curve. For the four binary systems the experimental points were fitted with liquidus and solidus curves either by applying smoothing spline functions or by using two different models. The results obtained are discussed.

Calculation of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of 14 additive and reciprocal ternary systems containing Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, LiOH, NaOH, and KOH

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pelton ◽  
C. W. Bale ◽  
P. L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Critical Assessment

Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of five additive molten salt ternary systems and nine reciprocal molten salt ternary systems containing the ions Li+, Na+, [Formula: see text], OH− are calculated from the thermodynamic properties of their binary subsystems which were obtained previously by a critical assessment of the thermodynamic data and the phase diagrams in these binary systems. Thermodynamic properties of ternary liquid phases are estimated from the binary properties by means of the Conformal Ionic Solution Theory. The ternary phase diagrams are then calculated from these thermodynamic properties by means of computer programs designed for the purpose. It is found that a ternary phase diagram can generally be calculated in this way with a maximum error about twice that of the maximum error in the binary phase diagrams upon which the calculations are based. If, in addition, some reliable ternary phase diagram measurements are available, these can be used to obtain small ternary correction terms. In this way, ternary phase diagram measurements can be smoothed and the isotherms drawn in a thermodynamically correct way. The thermodynamic approach permits experimental data to be critically assessed in the light of thermodynamic principles and accepted solution models. A critical assessment of error limits on all the calculated ternary diagrams is made, and suggestions as to which composition regions merit further experimental study are given.

Phase Diagram of the System LaCl3-CaCl2-NaCl

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1421-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Igarashi ◽  
H. Ohtani ◽  
J. Mochinaga
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Eutectic Point ◽  
Peritectic Point

The phase diagram of ternary system LaCl3-CaCl2-NaCl has been constructed from the phase diagrams of the three binary systems and of thirteen quasi-binary systems determined by DTA. For the binaries LaCl3-CaCl2 and CaCl2-NaCl eutectic points were observed at 651 °C , 35.1 mol% LaCl3 and at 508 °C , 49.9 mol% NaCl, respectively. For LaCl3-NaCl, a peritectic point besides the eutectic point at 545 °C , 36.1 mol% LaCl3 was found at 690 °C , 57.5 mol%, which is attributable to the formation of the peritectic compound 3 LaCl3 · NaCl. The phase diagram of the ternary system has a ternary eutetic point and a ternary peritectic point due to 3 LaCl3-NaCl, the form er at 462 °C and 12.1 - 3 9 .7 - 4 8 .2 mol% (LaCl3-CaCl2-NaCl) and the latter at 612 °C and 26.9 - 55.1 - 18.0 mol%.

Spinel solid solutions in the systems MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 and MgAl2O4–Mg2TiO4

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2584-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Petrova ◽  
G. A. Mikirticheva ◽  
A. S. Novikova ◽  
V. F. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinel Solid Solutions

Phase relations in two binary systems MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 and MgAl2O4–Mg2TiO4 have been studied and phase diagrams for them have been constructed. Based on the data of x-ray phase and crystal-optical analyses, the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions with spinel structure between the terminal members of the systems studied has been established. In the MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 system the solid solution is stable in the range from room temperature to melting temperature. In the MgAl2O4–Mg2TiO4 system the solid solution decomposes below 1380 °C, yielding the formation of limited regions of homogeneity on the basis of MgAlM2O4 and Mg2+2δ Ti1–δO4. Decomposition of the solid solution is accompanied by crystallization of MgTiO3.

Phase diagram of the Nd2Fe14B–Sm2Fe14B pseudo-binary system

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. F. Xu ◽  
K. H. Chen ◽  
Z. F. Gu ◽  
L. Y. Cheng ◽  
D. D. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Rietveld Refinements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Scanning Electron

The phase relations in the (1−x)Nd2Fe14B–xSm2Fe14B system over the whole concentration range have been studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Crystal structure parameters for all studied compositions of (Nd1−xSmx)2Fe14B have been determined by full-profile Rietveld refinements. These results revealed that all intermediate alloys of (Nd1−xSmx)2Fe14B are similar to the end member of the investigated system, Nd2Fe14B, with a tetragonal structure (space groupP42/mnm). The formation of continuous solid solutions has been found in this system. The normalized lattice parameters and unit-cell volumes of (Nd1−xSmx)2Fe14B solid solutions decrease linearly with increasing Sm content. The DTA measurements show that the melting temperature of (Nd1−xSmx)2Fe14B increases linearly with increasing Sm content and no metastable phases were detected. Based on the DTA data and XRD results, a tentative phase diagram for the pseudo-binary system Nd2Fe14B–Sm2Fe14B has been constructed.

Phase and Structural Behaviour in the NdAlO3-EuAlO3 System

2013 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ohon ◽  
Leonid Vasylechko ◽  
Yurii Prots ◽  
Marcus Schmidt ◽  
Caroline Curfs
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Structural Phase Transitions ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
First Order

Phase and structural behaviour in the NdAlO3–EuAlO3 system has been studied in the whole concentration range. Depending on x two kinds of solid solutions Nd1‑xEuxAlO3 exist at room temperature: one with rhombohedral (x < 0.15) and one with orthorhombic (x≈ 0.15–0.20, where the co-existence of both phases was observed. First-order structural phase transitions Pbnm↔Rc has been detected in Nd1-xEuxAlO3 with x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 at 520 K, 627 K and 988 K, respectively. Based on the experimental and literature data, the phase diagram of the pseudo-binary system NdAlO3–EuAlO3 has been constructed.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition and Electrooxidation of Bimetallic Systems Co–Ni and Cu–Ni

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Ivanova ◽  
A.A. Kubylinskaya ◽  
Yu.A. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Bimetallic Systems ◽  
Inert Substrate

By means voltammetry method the characteristics of the electrodeposition and anodic oxidation processes of Cu, Ni, Co and Cu–Ni, Co–Ni were investigated in ammoniacal buffer supporting electrolyte using graphite electrode. The quantity, maximum currents and potentials of anodic peaks on the voltammetric curves in the case of binary system are defined by the ratio of metal ions concentration and electrodeposition procedure. The changes in the peaks parameters were attributed to the formation of bimetallic solid solutions with various contents of the components. It was shown that the result of coelectrodeposition of two metals on an inert substrate is determined not only the nature of the components of binary systems Co–Ni and Cu–Ni, but also features of the phase composition of bimetal in nano-state.

scholarly journals Phase states and electrophysical properties of multicomponent perovskite solid solutions on the base of PMN-PT and PZT systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 2060011
Author(s):  
Aleksey Pavelko ◽  
Lidiya Shilkina ◽  
Larisa Reznichenko
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Multicomponent System ◽  
Electrophysical Properties ◽  
Constant Bias ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Morphotropic Region ◽  
Modified Formula

Phase diagrams were constructed (at room temperature), the dielectric, piezoelectric, elastic and reversible properties of the Ge-modified [Formula: see text]PbTiO3–[Formula: see text]PbZrO3–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3 multicomponent system ceramics were studied. The data obtained are compared with the results of studies of solid solutions of basic binary systems, as well as with the results obtained previously for other sections of the system under consideration. A significant increase in the width of the morphotropic region, diffusion of the concentration dependences of the electrophysical characteristics, and an increase in stability under the influence of constant bias fields in the solid solutions of the studied system were established.

Zur Chemie von Mischphasen in komplexen Zustandsdiagrammen Das System Bi2O3/Bi2Se3/Bi2Te3/Chemistry of Mixed Crystals in Complex Phase Diagrams The System Bi2O3/Bi2Se3/Bi2Te3

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schmidt ◽  
H. Oppermann
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
Phase Relations ◽  
Mixed Crystals ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Quaternary Solid Solution

Abstract Pseudoternary System Bi2O3/Bi2Se3/Bi2Te3, Phase Diagram, Thermodynamic Data The phase diagram of the pseudoternary system Bi2O3/Bi2Se3/Bi2Te3 is found to include a quaternary solid solution Bi2O2 (TexSe1-x) and ternary, intermetallic mixed crystals Bi2(TexSe1-x)3. Using thermodynamic modeling of the solid solutions it is possible to calcu­ late complex heterogeneous equilibria between all phases of this phase diagram. As a result we can thermodynamically describe the observed phase relations:Bi2(TexSe1-x)3 ⊿H°m(298) = 0; ⊿S°m(298) = R[xlnx + (1-x)ln(1-x)]Bi2O2(TexSe1-x) ⊿H°m(298) = Ω · x(1-x); O⊿S°m(298) = R/4 [xlnx + (1-x)ln(1-x)]Ω = 0,6 kcal/mol

Thermodynamic Study of Ag-Au-Gd, Tb Ternary Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lian Li ◽  
Shu Liang Wang ◽  
Lu Jiang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Yuan Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Lattice Models ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Calculated Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Database ◽  
Filler Alloy ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Significant Information

The addition of the rare earth elements into the Ag-based filler alloy, which is typical and important, can control and eliminate the negative effect of impurity elements, and furthermore, it improves the spreading property of the Ag-based filler alloy. Phase diagram provides an important direction for materials design of the Ag-based filler alloy. Thus it is necessary to investigate the phase diagrams and construct the thermodynamic database. On the basis of this background, thermodynamic assessments of the Au-Gd, Tb binary systems were carried out by using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method based on the experimental data including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by sub-regular solution models with the Redlich-Kister equation, while all of the intermetallic compounds were described by sub-lattice models. A consistent set of thermodynamic parameters was derived from describing the Gibbs free energies of each solution phase and intermetallic compound. The calculated phase diagram achieved consistency with the available experiments. Then combined with the assessed relevant binary systems, the Ag-Au-Gd, Tb ternary systems have been predicted. The thermodynamic database of these ternary systems has been developed to present the significant information for the design of Ag-based filler alloys.

Preparation of MgSO4·H2O by the Phase Diagram Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2788-2792
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Li ◽  
De Wen Zeng ◽  
Yan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Equilibrium Time ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
C 50

Kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) which has great application in recent years, was prepared according to the binary system MgSO4H2O at 80°C and the ternary system MgCl2MgSO4H2O at 25°C, 50°C and 75°C phase diagrams in this research. We reveal that the pure MgSO4·H2O is acquired in the ternary system MgCl2MgSO4H2O at 75°C with MgCl2 (23.966%~37.93%) for the equilibrium time 5~7days. The higher hydrated magnesium sulfate can be obtained in the ternary system with MgCl2 (0~34.52%) at 25°C, (0~35.684%) at 50°C, and (0~23.966%) at 75°C for 5~7days. These results are beneficial for the industrial production by converting MgSO4·7H2O and MgCl2·6H2O which are not fully exploited in salt pans into the useful MgSO4·H2O.

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