Reactivity ratios and UV spectral characteristics of copolymers of vinyl or isopropenyl derivatives of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazoles

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Borsig ◽  
Angela Kárpátyová ◽  
Otto Vogl
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Reactivity Ratios ◽  
Derivatives Of

The preparation of polymeric UV stabilizers by copolymerization of polymerizable UV stabilizers like 2-(2-hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (2H5V) and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-isopropenylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (2H5P) with styrene (S), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA) was studied. Copolymerization parameters for six pairs of monomers, i.e. 2H5V-S, 2H5V-MMA, 2H5V-BA, 2H5P-S, 2H5P-MMA, and 2H5P-BA and UV spectra of the 2H5P copolymers were determined. The effect of stiffness of the polymer chain on UV spectra of copolymers studied is discussed.

Thermal cyclocondensations of 3-N(4- and 5-benzimidazolyl and benztriazolyl)amino derivatives of 2-propenoic acid

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2918-2925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Milata ◽  
Dušan Ilavský
Keyword(s):  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Propenoic Acid ◽  
Amino Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
C Nmr ◽  
Ir And Uv Spectra

The cyclization of 3-N(4- and 5-benzimidazolyl and benztriazolyl)amino-2-cyano- and 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-propenoate esters Ia, b-IVa, b under the conditions of the Gould-Jacobs reaction leads to angularly ring-fused substituted imidazo or triazolo[4,5-f] (V, VI) and [4,5-h] (VII, VIII) quinolines, respectively. The esters Vb-VIIIb have been transformed into the corresponding chloroderivatives Vc-VIIIc. 3-N(5-Benzimidazolyl and 5-benztriazolyl)amino-2-cyano-2-propenenitriles are cyclized in the presence of aluminium(III) chloride to give the aminoquinolines Vd, VId. The structure of the products has been characterized by their 1H, 13C NMR, IR, and UV spectra.

A State-Space Approach to the Synthesis of Random Vertical and Crosslevel Rail Irregularities

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Fries ◽  
B. M. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
White Noise ◽  
State Space ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Sample Interval ◽  
Rail Irregularities ◽  
Derivatives Of

Solution of rail vehicle dynamics models by means of numerical simulation has become more prevalent and more sophisticated in recent years. At the same time, analysts and designers are increasingly interested in the response of vehicles to random rail irregularities. The work described in this paper provides a convenient method to generate random vertical and crosslevel irregularities when their time histories are required as inputs to a numerical simulation. The solution begins with mathematical models of vertical and crosslevel power spectral densities (PSDs) representing PSDs of track classes 4, 5, and 6. The method implements state-space models of shape filters whose frequency response magnitude squared matches the desired PSDs. The shape filters give time histories possessing the proper spectral content when driven by white noise inputs. The state equations are solved directly under the assumption that the white noise inputs are constant between time steps. Thus, the state transition matrix and the forcing matrix are obtained in closed form. Some simulations require not only vertical and crosslevel alignments, but also the first and occasionally the second derivatives of these signals. To accommodate these requirements, the first and second derivatives of the signals are also generated. The responses of the random vertical and crosslevel generators depend upon vehicle speed, sample interval, and track class. They possess the desired PSDs over wide ranges of speed and sample interval. The paper includes a comparison between synthetic and measured spectral characteristics of class 4 track. The agreement is very good.

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