Effect of heterocyclic compounds and 2-mercaptoethanol on rape alcohol dehydrogenase

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2107-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Stiborová ◽  
Sylva Leblová
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Zinc Atom ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Polycyclic Compound ◽  
Reversible Inhibition ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors

Rape alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is inhibited by heterocyclic compounds with a five- to six-membered ring (imidazole, pyrazole, 4-methylpyrazole, 3-methylpyrazole, pyridine, nicotine amide) and by o-phenanthroline, a heterocyclic, polycyclic compound. Pyrazole and its derivatives, imidazole and pyridine, are competitive inhibitors with respect to ethanol. Nicotine amide and o-phenanthroline behave as mixed inhibitors (competitive – noncompetitive) with respect to the substrate. The addition of Zn2+-ions to the reaction medium interferes with the competition by o-phenanthroline. 4-Methylpyrazole and pyrazole are the strongest inhibitors of rape ADH. 2-Mercaptoethanol is an inhibitor of rape ADH which competes with ethanol and the coenzyme. The reversible inhibition by mercaptoethanol changes into the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. The binding of inhibitors to the zinc atom present in the molecule of rape ADH and the localization of the metal in the enzyme protein have been studied.

Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Five-Membered N,N-, N,N,N- and N,N,N,NHeterocycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur ◽  
Pranshu Bhardwaj ◽  
Meenu Devi ◽  
Yamini Verma ◽  
Neha Ahlawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Major Subject

Due to special properties of ILs (Ionic Liquids) like their wide liquid range, good solvating ability, negligible vapour pressure, non-inflammability, environment friendly medium, high thermal stability, easy recycling and rate promoters etc. they are used in organic synthesis. The investigation for the replacement of organic solvents in organic synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. Therefore, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of chemists and act as a catalyst and reaction medium in organic reaction with high activity. There is no doubt that ionic liquids have become a major subject of study for modern chemistry. In comparison to traditional processes the use of ionic liquids resulted in improved, complimentary or alternative selectivities in organic synthesis. The present manuscript reported the synthesis of multiple nitrogen containing five-membered heterocyclic compounds using ionic liquids. This review covered interesting discoveries in the past few years.

scholarly journals Polarclean as a Sustainable Reaction Medium for the Waste Minimized Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferlin ◽  
Lorenzo Luciani ◽  
Orlando Viteritti ◽  
Francesco Brunori ◽  
Oriana Piermatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Reaction Medium

Similar molecular constitutions but different conformations and different supramolecular assemblies in two related fused tetracyclic benzo[b]pyrimido[5,4-f]azepine derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina M. Acosta Quintero ◽  
Isidro Burgos ◽  
Alirio Palma ◽  
Justo Cobo ◽  
Christopher Glidewell
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Pyridine Ring ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Methyl Substituent ◽  
Π Interactions ◽  
Π Stacking Interaction ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Axial Site

A simple and effective two-step approach to tricyclic pyrimidine-fused benzazepines has been adapted to give the tetracyclic analogues. In (RS)-8-chloro-6-methyl-1,2,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5′,4′:6,7]azepino[3,2,1-hi]indole, C15H14ClN3, (I), the five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation, as does the reduced pyridine ring in (RS)-9-chloro-7-methyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimido[5′,4′:6,7]azepino[3,2,1-ij]quinoline, C16H16ClN3, (II). However, the seven-membered rings in (I) and (II) adopt very different conformations, with the result that the methyl substituent occupies a quasi-axial site in (I) but a quasi-equatorial site in (II). The molecules of (I) are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds to formC(5) chains and inversion-related pairs of chains are linked by a π–π stacking interaction. A combination of a C—H...π hydrogen bond and two C—Cl...π interactions links the molecules of (II) into complex sheets. Comparisons are made with some similar fused heterocyclic compounds.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase by Methyltin Compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Bychkov ◽  
Tatyana N. Shekhovtsova ◽  
Elena R. Milaeva
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Oxidation ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tin Compounds ◽  
Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Horse Liver ◽  
Oxidative Agents ◽  
Slight Inhibition

The study of inorganic tin (SnCl2, SnCl4) and methyltin compounds (MeSnCl3, Me2SnCI2, Me3SnCl) effects on the enzymatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the reaction of ethanol oxidation has been carried out. The experimental results of the study show that inorganic tin and methyltin substances induce slight inhibition of the catalytic activity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), unable to be improved during pre-incubation with the enzyme. The conditions for carrying out the kinetic investigation of the mentioned phenomenon were optimized and as it turned out the mechanism of methyltin trichloride action, as the most effective methyltin inhibitor, is more complex than the proposed interaction of the metal atom with SH-groups of the enzyme protein. It was demonstrated that the tin compounds act in the same manner as methylmercury compounds and might serve as oxidative agents towards the co-enzyme NADH. Kinetic data on MeSnCl3were calculated. Data acquired on NAD-dependent ADH from horse liver and those regarding NAD-dependent LDH from sturgeon liver were compared.

Heterocyclen-Synthesen mit 4.4-Bis(trifluormethyl)-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienen, III [1]. Synthese trifluormethyl-substituierter Sechsring-Heterocyclen durch Umsetzung mit Enolethern, Enaminen und Heterokumulenen / Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds from 4.4-Bis(trifluorom ethyl)-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes, III [1]. Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Six Membered Ring Systems by Reaction with Enolethers, Enamines, and Heterocumulenes

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1442-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Burger ◽  
Ulrike Waßmuth ◽  
Barbara Forster ◽  
Stefan Penninger
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
Nmr Data

Regiochemistry and site specifity of [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of 4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes with enolethers, enamines and heterocumulenes are described. IR, 1H , 13C, and 19F NMR data of the compounds obtained are discussed.

Greener routes to organics and nanomaterials: Sustainable applications of nanocatalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajender S. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Structured Catalysts ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions

Sustainable synthetic activity involving alternate energy input and greener reaction medium under aqueous or solvent-free conditions is summarized. This includes the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, coupling reactions, and a variety of reactions catalyzed by basic water or recyclable and reusable magnetic nanocatalysts in aqueous media using microwave (MW) irradiation. Micropine-structured catalysts and magnetic nanoferrites and their post-synthetic modification with ligands and other nanometals serve as sustainable nanocatalysts in benign media. The strategic approach attempts to fulfill most of the green chemistry principles in a comprehensive manner and aims to create sustainable functional chemicals that may find large-scale use with significant waste minimization.

Conversion of Pyruvate Under Natural and Artificial Anaerobiosis in Maize

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Leblova ◽  
J Zima ◽  
E Perglerova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Cyclohexanone Oxime ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Probable Presence

Lactate is formed during the initial hours of seed swelling during natural anaerobiosis in maize. Ethanol is formed later, at a concentration greater by one order. With 7-day-old seedlings, first lactate and then ethanol are also formed after transfer of the plants to an atmosphere of nitrogen. Lactate and alcohol dehydrogenases are active in the germinating seed. The molecular weight of maize alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) is 62 000 � 5000. Inhibition by chelating agents and 'sulphydryl poisons' indicates the probable presence of metal and -SH groups. The enzyme oxidizes ethanol at an optimum pH of 8.7 with a Km of 1.8 x 10-2 M and reduces acetaldehyde at an optimum pH of 6.7 with a Km of 1.0 x 10-3M. It is inhibited by succinate, malate, lactate and acetate, non-competitively with respect to the substrate. Acetoxime is a competitive inhibitor and butyrylamide, acetamide and cyclohexanone oxime are non-competitive inhibitors.

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