Surface tensions of ternary systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Šišková ◽  
Pavel Hampl
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Thermodynamic Condition ◽  
Experimental Values

From the thermodynamic condition of equilibrium in a system in a force field, a relation was derived for calculating surface tensions in three- and multicomponent systems. To check the validity of this relation the surface tension of two ternary systems has been measured and the experimental values have been compared with the calculated ones.

Physico-chemical properties of the ternary system urea-ammonium nitrate-water. Surface tension

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Šišková ◽  
Jiřina Hejtmánková ◽  
Lidmila Bartovská
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Experimental Values

Surface tension of two binary systems ammonium nitrate-water and urea-water and of the ternary system ammonium nitrate-urea-water was measured as a function of concentration at 20 and 40 °C. The experimental values were compared with those calculated from the relations which were proposed for calculating surface tensions of ternary systems from measured surface tensions of both binary systems.

Dependence of Diffusion Paths on Thermodynamic Factors in Ternary Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ü. Ugaste ◽  
J. Priimets ◽  
Tony Laas
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Equation ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Tracer Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Paths ◽  
Slope Function ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tracer Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Thermodynamic Factors

The impact of thermodynamic factors on deviation from linearity of diffusion path in the ternary system Cu-Fe-Ni is analyzed. For that the slope function of the diffusion path for the diffusion couples 65Ni30Cu5Fe –29.5Ni16.5Cu54Fe, 49.5Ni50.5Fe – 51Ni49Cu and 84Cu16Ni – 50Ni50Fe, annealed at 1000°C for 196h, were calculated by an approximate equation using only thermodynamic data. Results of the calculation were compared with the values of the slope function obtained directly from experimental data. It is shown that despite of the fact that the tracer diffusion coefficients of the components in the system Cu-Fe-Ni are not equal the coincidence between the calculated and experimental values of the slope function is remarkable. This allows us to conclude that at least in this case the deviation of the diffusion path from linearity depends mainly on the thermodynamic properties of the system.

Measurement of Burst Pressure of Capillary Burst Valve

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Toru Yamada ◽  
Mohammad Faghri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Fluid Surface ◽  
Mechanical Components

Capillary burst valve (CBV), a counterpart to an elastomeric diaphragm microvalve, handles fluid in microchannels by capillarity. Thus, it avoids integration of mechanical components. We experimentally estimated the burst pressure, beyond which CBV cannot hold fluid, using fluids with distinct surface tensions in CBVs grafted with distinct surface constitutions in microchannels. We found that both the fluid surface tension and the solid surface constitution influence the burst pressure. The burst pressure reduces more significantly under the influence of the fluid surface tension.

Prediction of the Condensation Coefficient on Horizontal Integral-Fin Tubes

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Webb ◽  
T. M. Rudy ◽  
M. A. Kedzierski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Surface Tension Force ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Condensation Coefficient ◽  
Film Drainage ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Fin Tubes

A theoretical model is developed for prediction of the condensation coefficient on horizontal integral-fin tubes for both high and low surface tension fluids. The model includes the effects of surface tension on film drainage and on condensate retention between the fins. First, the fraction of the tube circumference that is flooded with condensate is calculated. Typically, the condensation coefficient in the flooded region is negligible compared to that of the unflooded region. Then the condensation coefficient on the unflooded portion is calculated, assuming that surface tension force drains the condensate from the fins. The model is used to predict the R-11 condensation coefficient on horizontal, integral-fin tubes having 748, 1024, and 1378 fpm. The predicted values are within ±20 percent of the experimental values.

scholarly journals Sorting Liquid Droplets by Surface Tension Using Devices with Quasi-Superamphiphobic Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Di Fan ◽  
Xiu-Zhi Bai ◽  
Cheng-Xing Cui ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Alcoholic Strength

Any solid surface with homogenous or varying surface energy can spontaneously show variable wettability to liquid droplets with different or identical surface tensions. Here, we studied a glass slide sprayed with a quasi-superamphiphobic coating consisting of a hexane suspension of perfluorosilane-coated nanoparticles. Four areas on the glass slide with a total length of 7.5 cm were precisely tuned via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and droplets with surface tensions of 72.1–33.9 mN m−1 were categorized at a tilting angle of 3°. Then, we fabricated a U-shaped device sprayed with the same coating and used it to sort the droplets more finely by rolling them in the guide groove of the device to measure their total rolling time and distance. We found a correlation between ethanol content/surface tension and rolling time/distance, so we used the same device to estimate the alcoholic strength of Chinese liquors and to predict the surface tension of ethanol aqueous solutions.

Preparation and Properties of Amide Surfactants

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Bao Cai Xu ◽  
Gui Ju Zhang ◽  
Yun Xia Li ◽  
Lu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Lipophilic Groups ◽  
Long Chain

Amide surfactants have modified structures with lipophilic groups connecting hydrophilic groups through amido bond. The preparation of three families of amide surfactants including long chain N-acyl sarcosinates, amidopropyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaines and lauryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammoniums were discussed. The study of the surface activity of these compounds by measuring the equilibrium surface tensions of their dilute aqueous solutions were described. The minimum surface tension and the critical micelle concentration values of these compounds are given.

Dynamic surface tension of xylem sap lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Yang ◽  
Joseph M Michaud ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
H Jochen Schenk ◽  
Yi Y Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Pit Membrane

Abstract The surface tension of xylem sap has been traditionally assumed to be close to that of the pure water because decreasing surface tension is thought to increase vulnerability to air seeding and embolism. However, xylem sap contains insoluble lipid-based surfactants, which also coat vessel and pit membrane surfaces, where gas bubbles can enter xylem under negative pressure in the process known as air seeding. Because of the insolubility of amphiphilic lipids, the surface tension influencing air seeding in pit pores is not the equilibrium surface tension of extracted bulk sap but the local surface tension at gas–liquid interfaces, which depends dynamically on the local concentration of lipids per surface area. To estimate the dynamic surface tension in lipid layers that line surfaces in the xylem apoplast, we studied the time-dependent and surface area-regulated surface tensions of apoplastic lipids extracted from xylem sap of four woody angiosperm plants using constrained drop surfactometry. Xylem lipids were found to demonstrate potent surface activity, with surface tensions reaching an equilibrium at ~25 mN m-1 and varying between a minimum of 19 mN m-1 and a maximum of 68 mN m-1 when changing the surface area between 50 and 160% around the equilibrium surface area. It is concluded that xylem lipid films in natural conditions most likely range from nonequilibrium metastable conditions of a supersaturated compression state to an undersaturated expansion state, depending on the local surface areas of gas–liquid interfaces. Together with findings that maximum pore constrictions in angiosperm pit membranes are much smaller than previously assumed, low dynamic surface tension in xylem turns out to be entirely compatible with the cohesion–tension and air-seeding theories, as well as with the existence of lipid-coated nanobubbles in xylem sap, and with the range of vulnerabilities to embolism observed in plants.

Molar Volume and Surface Tension of Molten LaCl3-KCl Mixtures

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Minimum Surface ◽  
Energy Of Mixing

Molar volumes and surface tensions of molten LaCl3-KCl mixtures were measured by dilatometry and the maxim um bubble pressure method, respectively. The molar volume isotherms were found to deviate positively from additivity over the whole composition range, with the maxim um deviation at ca. 30 mol% LaCl3. At the same concentration the isotherms of surface tension at temperatures below 950 °C show a minimum . Surface energy of mixing per unit area calculated from the surface tensions shows a large negative excess at the corresponding composition. These observations are related to the existence o f LaCl63- in the KCl-rich melt.

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