Organic semiconductors: Simple and complex salts of 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Šorm ◽  
Stanislav Nešpůrek ◽  
Miloslav Procházka ◽  
Igor Koropecký
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Radical Salt ◽  
Complex Salts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

By metathesis between lithium salts of 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane and 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromides, simple radical salts were prepared whose specific electrical conductivity values are c. 10-7-10-3, Ω-1 m-1, according to the donor structure. Combining these salts with neutral 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ°) gave complex salts with an electrical conductivity higher by 7-3 orders of magnitude which increase monotonically with increasing volume of the alkyl group. The compounds are stable in anhydrous conditions also in presence of oxygen, and if irradiated by daylight. The rate constant of hydrolysis of these salts is proportional to the water content in solution and inversely proportional to the content of neutral TCNQ° in the simple radical salt. The hydrolysis is predominantly activated by light absorbed by the decomposition products.

Variation of Electrical Conductivity With Water Content in Agarose Gel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana L. Vega ◽  
Hai Yao ◽  
Marc-Antoine Justiz ◽  
Weiyong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

Specific electrical conductivity, a material property of biological tissues, has been found to be greater in tumor tissue than in normal tissue on account of its higher water content [1]. Its value is related to water content, ion concentrations, and ion diffusivities within biological tissues [e.g., 1,2,3]. The variation in conductivity with water content is hypothesized to be related to the change in ion diffusivities [5,6]. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between conductivity and water content in hydrogels. The main goal is to develop a similar relationship for biological tissues and to understand deformation-dependent ion diffusivity in tissues under mechanical loading.

scholarly journals MW irradiation and ionic liquids as green tools in hydrolyses and alcoholyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Harsági ◽  
Betti Szőllősi ◽  
Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss ◽  
György Keglevich
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Alternative Possibility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Mw Irradiation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The optimized HCl-catalyzed hydrolysis of alkyl diphenylphosphinates is described. The reaction times and pseudo-first-order rate constants suggested the iPr > Me > Et ∼ Pr ∼ Bu order of reactivity in respect of the alkyl group of the phosphinates. The MW-assisted p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA)-catalyzed variation means a better alternative possibility due to the shorter reaction times, and the alkaline hydrolysis is another option. The transesterification of alkyl diphenylphosphinates took place only in the presence of suitable ionic liquids, such as butyl-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphorate ([bmim][PF6]) and butyl-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]). The application of ethyl-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate ([emim][HSO4]) and butyl-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]) was not too efficient, as the formation of the ester was accompanied by the fission of the O–C bond resulting in the formation of Ph2P(O)OH. This surprising transformation may be utilized in the phosphinate → phosphinic acid conversion.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity of Doped Organic Semiconductors Limited by Carrier–Carrier Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (50) ◽  
pp. 56222-56230
Author(s):  
Marten Koopmans ◽  
Miina A. T. Leiviskä ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jingjin Dong ◽  
Li Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Semiconductors
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