Hydrogenation of maleic acid on nickel-magnesium oxide mixed catalysts and the isotope effect of solvent

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2043-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav Kudláček ◽  
Jana Rexová
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
Mixed Catalyst

The activity of nickel-magnesium oxide mixed catalyst in liquid phase hydrogenation was investigated in dependence on the composition of the solid phase and on the preparation procedure. The isotope effect of substitution of light water by heavy water, the kinetic dependences, and the sorbed amount of the reacting maleic acid were examined with a view to deducing the reaction mechanism.

Isotopic solvent effect in hydrogenation on a supported nickel catalyst

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2609-2613
Author(s):  
Rostislav Kudláček ◽  
Alena Judlová
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Supported Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Water Solvent

A supported nickel catalyst, commonly applied in industrial hydrogenation of fatts and oils, was used to study the effect of replacement of the light water solvent, with heavy water, on the addition of hydrogen on a double bond of maleic acid. The effect was investigated of the composition and temperature of the solution, on the reaction rate, as well as, the relation between the reaction rate and the amount of the acid absorbed on the catalyst. Reaction mechanism with respect to the hydrogenated organic compound is proposed.

Kinetics of the reaction between magnesium oxide and ammonium chloride solution

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Glaser ◽  
Jan Vídenský ◽  
Miroslav Kužela
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Chloride Solution ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Rate Controlling Step

The kinetics of the reaction between magnesium oxide and ammonium chloride solution in a well-stirred batch reactor have been investigated. The results have shown that the rate-controlling step is the dissolution of the solid phase. A kinetic equation has been derived for this variant of reaction mechanism.

scholarly journals Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of 1-Phenyl-1-propyne on the Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 Single-Atom Alloy Catalyst: Kinetic Modeling and the Reaction Mechanism

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Rassolov ◽  
Igor S. Mashkovsky ◽  
Galina N. Baeva ◽  
Galina O. Bragina ◽  
Nadezhda S. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
Alkyne Hydrogenation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Single Atom Alloy

This research was focused on studying the performance of the Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 single-atom alloy (SAA) in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of di-substituted alkyne (1-phenyl-1-propyne), and development of a kinetic model adequately describing the reaction kinetic being also consistent with the reaction mechanism suggested for alkyne hydrogenation on SAA catalysts. Formation of the SAA structure on the surface of PdAg3 nanoparticles was confirmed by DRIFTS-CO, revealing the presence of single-atom Pd1 sites surrounded by Ag atoms (characteristic symmetrical band at 2046 cm−1) and almost complete absence of multiatomic Pdn surface sites (<0.2%). The catalyst demonstrated excellent selectivity in alkyne formation (95–97%), which is essentially independent of P(H2) and alkyne concentration. It is remarkable that selectivity remains almost constant upon variation of 1-phenyl-1-propyne (1-Ph-1-Pr) conversion from 5 to 95–98%, which indicates that a direct alkyne to alkane hydrogenation is negligible over Pd1Ag3 catalyst. The kinetics of 1-phenyl-1-propyne hydrogenation on Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 was adequately described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type of model developed on the basis of the reaction mechanism, which suggests competitive H2 and alkyne/alkene adsorption on single atom Pd1 centers surrounded by inactive Ag atoms. The model is capable to describe kinetic characteristics of 1-phenyl-1-propyne hydrogenation on SAA Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 catalyst with the excellent explanation degree (98.9%).

scholarly journals Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Maleic Acid over Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared via Deposition–Precipitation Method

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Byun ◽  
Ji Kim ◽  
Jae Baek ◽  
Dae-Won Park ◽  
Man Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Pd Dispersion ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Succinic acid (SA) is a valuable raw material obtained by hydrogenation of maleic acid (MA). The product selectivity of this reaction is highly dependent on the reaction conditions. This study therefore investigated the effect of the reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, and reaction time on the liquid-phase hydrogenation of MA by a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. Complete conversion of MA and 100% selectivity for SA were achieved at a temperature of 90 °C, H2 pressure of 5 bar, and reaction time of 90 min. Fumaric acid (FA) was formed as an intermediate material by hydrogenation of MA under nonoptimal conditions. The impact of the percentage of Pd dispersion and phase of the Al2O3 support (γ, θ + α, and α) was also examined. The Pd/Al2O3 catalyst with 29.8% dispersion of Pd and γ phase of Al2O3 exhibited the best catalytic performance. Thus, catalytic activity depends not only on the amount of Pd dispersion but also on the physicochemical properties of Al2O3.

scholarly journals Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzalacetophenone: Effect of Solvent, Catalyst Support, Catalytic Metal and Reaction Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 1312-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim STOLLE ◽  
Christine SCHMÖGER ◽  
Bernd ONDRUSCHKA ◽  
Werner BONRATH ◽  
Thomas F. KELLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
Catalytic Metal

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

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