Dipole moment and electron distribution of the amide group

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2410-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Zlata Papoušková
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Amide Group ◽  
Group A

Dipole moments of five substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides Ia-Ie were measured in benzene and dioxan solutions. The group moment of 12.7 . 10-30 C m (at an angle of 80° to the C(1)-C bond) was resolved into components and a mesomeric moment of 4.7 . 10-30 C m (in the direction from N to C) was derived, accounting for the conjugation within the dimethylamide group. A smaller mesomeric moment in the same direction was found for the unsubstituted amide group. The results are but roughly consistent with an interpretation in terms of the mesomeric formulae A ##e B.

Dipole moment and electron distribution of the thioamide group

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Karel Waisser
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Methyl Substitution ◽  
Thioamide Group

Dipole moments of seven substituted thiobenzamides Ia-Ig and of two N,N-dimethylthiobenzamides IIa, IIb were measured in dioxan and/or benzene solutions; the infrared spectra proved that association of solutes is negligible under conditions given. The CSNH2 group moment was estimated to 15.6 . 10-30C m at an angle of 75° to the C(1)-C bond, that one of the CSN . (CH3)2 group to 16.5 . 10-30 C m (angle 81°). Analysis in terms of bond moments revealed mesomeric moments m2 of 6.2 or 8.5 . 10-30 C m, respectively, which account for the conjugation within the thioamide group. These values are approximately twice greater than in amides and depend similarly on methyl substitution; there are even minor differences in direction. Also the mesomeric moment of the S=C-O group, redetermined now to 3.3 . 10-30 C m, is greater than in the ester group and even of different direction. The results confirm the importance of n-π conjugation for dipole moments.

The Microwave Spectrum of Oxazole

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
John Sheridan ◽  
Otto L. Stiefvater
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Microwave Spectrum ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Molecular Plane ◽  
Coupling Tensor ◽  
Quadrupole Coupling

The dipole moments and the quadrupole coupling constants of the normal and the three mono-deuterated species of oxazole have been measured. The dipole moment of 1.50 ± 0.03 D is found to deviate by 10.8° from the external bisector of the CNC angle towards the C(2) carbon atom. The principal values of the quadrupole coupling tensor are determined as Xzz = -4.04 ± 0.02 MHz and Xxx - 1-66 ± 0.02 MHz along the axes in the molecular plane, so that the gradient perpendicular to this plane is Xyy = 2.38 MHz. The direction of the largest gradient deviates by 5.7° from the external bisector of the CNC angle towards the carbon atom C(4).An attempt is made to correlate these results and the geometry of oxazole with the electron distribution in this molecule

Conjugation within the oximino group: A semiquantitative estimation

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Václav Jehlička
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Bond Order ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Benzene Solution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Group A ◽  
Structural Database ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Bond Character

The n-π conjugation within the oximino group was estimated on the basis of dipole moments and of bond lengths. The dipole moments were measured on oximes I and O-methyloximes II in benzene solution, the C=N and N-O bond lengths were retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database for all available derivatives. The results differ somewhat in the quantitative sense but can be always interpreted in terms of the classical mesomeric formulae IV ↔ V. This formalism postulates – in agreement with experiments – a lowered C=N bond order, some double bond character of the N-O bond, planarity of the C=NOR group, and an excess dipole moment (μm) oriented in the sense of a charge transfer from O toward C. Quite different results were obtained for O-acetyloximes III. While their bond lengths could agree with a weakened conjugation, the excess dipole moment is oriented from C towards O and cannot be expressed by any simple formula. Hence the mesomeric formulae may represent an acceptable description of the actual charge distribution in many cases but not in all.

Conformation and electronic structure of aromatic chloroformates

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Pavel Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
Nonpolar Solvents ◽  
Single Method

Aromatic chloroformates Ib-Ie were shown to exist in the ap conformation, in agreement with aliphatic chloroformates, i.e. the alkyl group is situated cis to the carbonyl oxygen atom as it is the case in all esters. While 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (Ie) is in this conformation in crystal, in solution at most several tenths of percent of the sp conformation may be populated at room temperature and in nonpolar solvents only. A new analysis of dipole moments explained the previous puzzling results and demonstrated the impossibility to determine the conformation by this single method, in consequence of the strong interaction of adjoining bonds. If, however, the ap conformation is once proven, the dipole moments reveal some features of the electron distribution on the functional group, characterized by the enhanced polarity of the C-Cl bond and reduced polarity of the C=O bond. This is in agreement with the observed bond lengths and angles.

Energies and Electric Dipole Moments of the Bound Vibrational States of HN2+ and DN2+

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 873-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Špirko ◽  
Ota Bludský ◽  
Wolfgang P. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vibrational States ◽  
Spacing Distribution ◽  
Triatomic Molecules ◽  
Vibrational Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The adiabatic three-dimensional potential energy surface and the corresponding dipole moment surface describing the ground electronic state of HN2+ (Χ1Σ+) are calculated at different levels of ab initio theory. The calculations cover the entire bound part of the potential up to its lowest dissociation channel including the isomerization barrier. Energies of all bound vibrational and low-lying ro-vibrational levels are determined in a fully variational procedure using the Suttcliffe-Tennyson Hamiltonian for triatomic molecules. They are in close agreement with the available experimental numbers. From the dipole moment function effective dipoles and transition moments are obtained for all the calculated vibrational and ro-vibrational states. Statistical tools such as the density of states or the nearest-neighbor level spacing distribution (NNSD) are applied to describe and analyse general patterns and characteristics of the energy and dipole results calculated for the massively large number of states of the strongly bound HN2+ ion and its deuterated isotopomer.

scholarly journals DERIVATION OF GENERALIZED THOMAS–BARGMANN–MICHEL–TELEGDI EQUATION FOR A PARTICLE WITH ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (29) ◽  
pp. 1350147 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKESHI FUKUYAMA ◽  
ALEXANDER J. SILENKO
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Classical Equation ◽  
Spin Motion ◽  
Electric Dipole Moments ◽  
Momentum Direction ◽  
Telegdi Equation

General classical equation of spin motion is explicitly derived for a particle with magnetic and electric dipole moments in electromagnetic fields. Equation describing the spin motion relative to the momentum direction in storage rings is also obtained.

Charge-Transfer Dipoles at the Si-SiO2 Interface and the Metal-Semiconductor Worfunction Difference In Mos Devices.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Z. Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Interface Dipole ◽  
Mos Devices ◽  
Flatband Voltage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mos Structures

AbstractThe magnitude of the dipole moment at the Si-SiO2 interface resulting from partial charge transfer that takes place upon the formation of interface bonds has been calculated. The charge transfer occurs because of the difference in electronegativity between silicon atoms and SiO2 molecules which are present across the interface. Results obtained for (100) and (111) silicon substrates indicate that the magnitude of the interface dipole moment is dependent on substrate orientation and the interface chemistry. Dipole moments at the Si-SiO2 and gate-SiO2 interfaces should be included in the definition of the flatband voltage VFB of MOS structures. CV-based measurements of the metal-semiconductor workfunction difference φms on (100) and (111) silicon oxidized in dry oxygen and metallized with Al agree with the predictions of this model. Other types of interface dipoles and their processing dependence are briefly discussed.

Experimental and computed dipole moments in donor–bridge–acceptor systems with p-phenylene and p-carboranediyl bridges

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Drož ◽  
Mark A. Fox ◽  
Drahomír Hnyk ◽  
Paul J. Low ◽  
J. A. Hugh MacBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Electronic Interactions ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Homo And Lumo ◽  
Pull Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
2D And 3D

Dipole moments were measured for a series of substituted benzenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, C-monoaryl- and C,C′-diaryl-p-carboranes. For the donor–bridge–acceptor systems, Me2N–X–NO2, where X is 1,4-phenylene, biphenyl-4,4′-diyl, terphenyl and 1,4-C6H4-p-CB10H10C-1,4-C6H4, the measured interaction dipole moments are 1.36, 0.74, 0.51 and 0.00 D, respectively. The magnitude of the dipole moment reflects the ability of the bridge to transmit electronic effects between donor and acceptor groups. Thus, whilst the 1,4-phenylene bridges allow moderate electronic interactions between the remote groups, the p-carboranediyl unit is less efficient as a conduit for electronic effects. Averaged dipole moments computed at the DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) level of theory from two distinct molecular conformers are in good agreement with the experimental values. Examination of the calculated electronic structures provides insight into the nature of the interactions between the donor and acceptor moieties through these 2D and 3D aromatic bridges. The most significant cooperative effect of the bridge on the dipole moment occurs in systems where there is some overlap between the HOMO and LUMO orbitals. This orbital overlap criterion may help to define the difference between “push-pull” systems in which electronic effects are mediated by the bridging moiety, and simpler systems in which the bridge acts as an electronically innocent spacer unit and through-space charge transfer/separation is dominant.

HQC with the AC setup associated with topological defects

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5&6) ◽  
pp. 444-455
Author(s):  
Knut Bakke ◽  
Cláudio Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Magnetic Dipole Moment ◽  
Topological Defect ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Quantum Phases ◽  
Neutral Particles ◽  
New Formulation

In this work, we propose a new formulation allowing to realize the holonomic quantum computation with neutral particles with a permanent magnetic dipole moments interacting with an external electric field in the presence of a topological defect. We show that both the interaction of the electric field with the magnetic dipole moment and the presence of topological defect generate independent contributions to the geometric quantum phases which can be used to describe any arbitrary rotation on the magnetic dipole moment without using the adiabatic approximation.

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