Synthesis and properties of 1,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1-butene

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2120-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Čík ◽  
Anton Blažej ◽  
Kamil Antoš ◽  
Igor Hrušovský
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

1,3-Bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1-butene was prepared by nitration of 1,3-diphenyl-1-butene (I) with fuming nitric acid in acetic acid. The double bond in I was protected by addition of bromine which was eliminated after the nitration. The UV, IR and 1H- spectra of the synthesized compounds are interpreted.

The nitration of 3,4,5-tribromo-2,6-dimethylphenol; X-ray crystal structures of C 2-epimeric 3,4,5-tribromo-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2,5-dinitrocyclohex-3-enones ;an unusual isomerization reaction

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Chittenden ◽  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
KE Richards ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
KH Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Nitration of 3,4,5-tribromo-2,6-dimethylphenol (10) with fuming nitric acid in acetic acid gives the C2-epimeric 2,5-dinitrocyclohex-3-enones (11) and (12), the structures of which were determined by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Some implications of these structural data are discussed.

The nitration of 2,4-dibromo-3,5,6-trimethylphenol and some reactions of polysubstituted phenols with nitrogen dioxide; X-ray crystal structure of 4-Acetyl-1-bromo-r-3,c-4-epoxy-2,t-5-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrocyclopentene

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
RJ Martyn ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
KH Sutton ◽  
J Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Nitrations of phenols (3a), (3b), (7) and (8) with nitrogen dioxide in cyclohexane give similar patterns of reaction to those with fuming nitric acid in acetic acid. Nitration of 2,4-dibromo-3,5,6-trimethyl- phenol (19) with nitrogen dioxide gives isomeric trinitrocyclohex-3-enones (24), while fuming nitric acid reactions yield either the trinitro ketone (24a) and the cis-dinitro ketone (25) or the C2-epimeric ketones (25) and (26) depending upon the reaction conditions. Some reactions of these products are described, and the X-ray crystal structure of the epoxycyclopentene derivative (30) is reported.

The Nitration of 2,3,4-Tribromo-5,6-dimethylphenol and 3,4-Dibromo-2,5,6-trimethylphenol

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Chambers ◽  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
J Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

The nitrations of 2,3,4-tribromo-5,6-dimethylphenol (9) and 3,4- dibromo-2,5,6-trimethylphenol (10) with fuming nitric acid in acetic acid give 2,5,6-trinitrocyclohex-3-enones in addition to 6-hydroxy-2,5-dinitrocyclohex-3-enones. X-ray crystal structure determinations are reported for the trinitro ketones (21) and (22), and the hydroxy dinitro ketones (23) and (24).

The nitration of 4-Nitro- and 4-Bromo-2,6-dimethylphenols; X-Ray Crystal Structures of t-6-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-r-2,4,t-5-trinitrocyclohex-3-enone, r-2,t-6-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4,t-5-dinitrocyclohex-3-enone and 4-Bromo-t-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-r-2,t-5-dinitrocyclohex-3-enone

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
JM Readman ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
J Vaughan ◽  
AR Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

The nitration of 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol (1b), with either fuming nitric acid in acetic acid or nitrogen dioxide in dichloromethane, gives the C2-epimeric hydroxy trinitro ketones (4) and (5), the dinitro phenol (6) and the dihydroxy dinitro ketone (7). The nitration of the 4-bromo phenol (1c) is accompanied by some nitro- debromination and compounds (4), (5) and (13)-(17) are isolated. X-ray structure determinations are reported for compounds (5), (7) and (14).

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuits Decapsulation Technique Using Mixed Acid Chemistry For Die-Level Failure Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Jeffrey M. Consigo ◽  
Ricardo S. Calanog ◽  
Melissa O. Caseria
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Plastic Package ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Abstract Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) integrated circuits have become popular these days with superior speed/power products that permit the development of systems that otherwise would have made it impossible or impractical to construct using silicon semiconductors. However, failure analysis remains to be very challenging as GaAs material is easily dissolved when it is reacted with fuming nitric acid used during standard decapsulation process. By utilizing enhanced chemical decapsulation technique with mixture of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a low temperature backed with statistical analysis, successful plastic package decapsulation happens to be reproducible mainly for die level failure analysis purposes. The paper aims to develop a chemical decapsulation process with optimum parameters needed to successfully decapsulate plastic molded GaAs integrated circuits for die level failure analysis.

Reaction of 30-nor-18-lupene derivatives with bromine and peracids

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Eva Klinotová ◽  
Jiří Protiva ◽  
Jiří Klinot ◽  
Alois Vystrčil
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Double Bond

The reaction of diol I and diacetate IIwith one mole of bromine gives rise, depending on conditions, to isomeric dienes III-V and IX or to derivatives substituted in position 21 (VII, VIII). On reaction of diacetate II with two moles of bromine in acetic acid 21,22-disubstituted compounds XI and XII were obtained. Diene V is the intermediate in the formation of dienes IV and IX and derivatives XI and XII. Epoxidation of the 18(19)-double bond in compounds I and II takes place from the β-side and leads for epoxides XIV and XV.

scholarly journals Nitration of Jharia basin coals, India: a study of structural modifications by XRD and FTIR techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabal Boral ◽  
Atul K. Varma ◽  
Sudip Maity
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Media

AbstractFour coal samples from Jharia basin, India are treated with nitric acid in glacial acetic acid and aqueous media to find out the chemical, petrographic and spatial structure of the organic mass by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. X-ray parameters of coal like interlayer spacing (d002), crystallite size (Lc), aroamticity (fa), average number of aromatic layers (Nc), and coal rank (I26/I20) have been determined using profile-fitting software. Considerable variation is observed in treated coals in comparison to the demineralized coals. The d002 values of treated coals have increased in both the media showing increase in disordering of organic moieties. A linear relationship has been observed between d002 values with the volatile matter of the coals. Similarly, the d002 values show linear relationship with Cdmf contents for demineralized as well as for the treated coals in both the media. The Lc and Nc values have decreased in treated coals corresponding to demineralized coals. The present study shows that nitration in both the media is capable of removing the aliphatic side chains from the coals and aromaticity (fa) increases with increase in rank and shows a linear relationship with the vitrinite reflectance. The corresponding I26/I20 values are least for treated coals in glacial acetic acid medium followed by raw and then to treated coals in aqueous medium. FTIR studies show that coal arenes of the raw coals are converted into nitro-arenes in structurally modified coals (SMCs) in both the media, the corresponding bands at 1550–1490 and 1355–1315 cm−1 respectively. FTIR study confirms that nitration is the predominant phenomenon, though, oxidation and nitration phenomena takes place simultaneously during treatment with nitric acid to form SMCs. In comparison to raw coals, the SMCs show higher aromaticity and may be easily converted to coal derived products like activated carbon and specialty carbon materials.

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