Distribution of dibenzyl sulfoxide between the aqueous and organic phases

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1918-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Protonation Constant ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Extraction Constants ◽  
Distribution Constants

The distribution of dibenzyl sulfoxide (DBSO) between toluene or tetrachloromethane and aqueous solution of nitric, hydrochloric, or perchloric acid was investigated for different acid concentrations. The solubility of DBSO in the two solvents was established (0.0555 mol l-1 in toluene, 0.0121 mol l-1 in tetrachloromethane at 20 °C) and its distribution constants KD were determined for the systems toluene-water and CCl4-water (133.7 and 27.4, respectively, at 20 °C). Employing the dependence of the distribution ratio of DBSO on the Hammett function for nitric and perchloric acids solutions (1-6M) and taking into account the extraction of the solvates of these acids as described previously, the value of the DBSO protonation constant was calculated to be KH1 (B + H+ ##e BH+) = 1.00 . 10-2, and more accurate values of the extraction constants of the nitric acid solvates were obtained, Kex1 (HNO3 . B) 1.1 . 10-3 and Kex2 ((HNO3)2 . B) 4.3 . 10-5. Owing to the lower solubility of DBSO in water as well as in acid solutions as compared with aliphatic or cyclic sulfoxides and also with tri-n-butylphosphate, solution of DBSO in toluene suits better as the stationary phase for extraction chromatography of metal salts.

Electrochemical behaviour of galena (PbS) in aqueous nitric acid and perchloric acid solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Mikhlin ◽  
A. Kuklinskiy ◽  
E. Mikhlina ◽  
V. Kargin ◽  
I. Asanov
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Nitric Acid

Kinetics of the Decomposition of Sulphur Dicyanide in Aqueous Solution

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Kitching ◽  
RH Smith ◽  
IR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics and stoicheiometry of the decomposition of aqueous solutions of sulphur dicyanide have been studied at temperatures between 0-70 �C and in media ranging from dilute perchloric acid to pH 7. The predominant reaction is nucleophilic substitution at carbon, but in perchloric acid solutions an alternative reaction path has been revealed.

The Extraction of Strontium and Barium with a Solution of Bis-1,2-Dicarbollylcobaltate in Nitrobenzene in the Presence of 18-Crown-6

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Vaňura ◽  
Emanuel Makrlík
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Constants ◽  
Individual Extraction Constants

A study has been made of the extraction of Sr and Ba in an aqueous solution of perchloric acid-18-crown-6-bis-1,2-dicarbollylcobaltate-nitrobenzene. It was found that the organic phase contains complexes of the ML2+org type ( M = Sr2+, Ba2+) that are converted to ML22+org when the concentration of crown (cL) is greater than the concentration of bis-1,2-dicarbollylcobaltate (cB). The values of the corresponding extraction constants, individual extraction constants and stability constants of the extracted species in the organic phase were determined. The system can be utilized for separation applications at concentrations here cL < cB.

The hydration of mesitylketene in aqueous solution: detection of acid catalysis for an aromatic ketene

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andraos ◽  
A.J. Kresge ◽  
N.P. Schepp
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Uncatalyzed Reaction ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Mesitylketene was generated flash photolytically in aqueous solution by the photo-Wolff reaction of 2,4,6-trimethyldiazoacetophenone and also by rearrangement of mesitylynol obtained through photodecarbonylation of mesitylhydroxycyclopropenone, and rates of hydration of this ketene were measured in dilute perchloric acid, sodium perchlorate, and sodium hydroxide solutions as well as in concentrated sodium perchlorate and perchloric acid solutions. In dilute solution only an uncatalyzed reaction and a sodium-hydroxide-catalyzed process were observed, both of which could be attributed to nucleophilic attack, by water and by hydroxide ion, respectively, at the ketene carbonyl carbon atom. In concentrated sodium perchlorate solutions, a mild decrease in reaction rate with increasing salt concentration was observed, as expected on the basis of decreasing water activity and a consequent slowing of the uncatalyzed reaction. A similar mild decrease was found in perchloric acid solutions up to [Formula: see text] but this then gave way to a rate increase that became dominant above [Formula: see text] This appearance of acid catalysis indicates a change in reaction mechanism from nucleophilic attack of water to an electrophilic process involving rate-determining protonation on the β-carbon atom of the ketene group. Analysis of the acid-catalyzed reaction rate by the Cox–Yates method gives the catalytic coefficient [Formula: see text] This, when compared with [Formula: see text] for ketene itself, shows that the mesityl group retards acid-catalyzed hydration by a factor of 2200, and consequently the acid-catalyzed reaction of this, and other aromatic ketenes as well, becomes apparent only under strongly acidic conditions. Keywords: mesitylketene, ketene hydration, acid catalysis, Cox–Yates excess acidity correlation.

Extraction of europium from acidic aqueous solutions into nitrobenzene by dicarbolide in the presence of polyethylene glycol

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Vaňura ◽  
Marie Benešová ◽  
Emanuel Makrlík ◽  
Miroslav Kyrš ◽  
Jiří Rais
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Europium Complexes ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Extraction Constants ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
The Eu

Extraction of microamounts of 152, 154 Eu from the aqueous solutions of perchloric acid (c(HClO4) = 0.1-0.5 mol l-1) was studied in the presence of 3 . 10-4 -0.3 mol l-1 of polyethylene glycol PEG 400 (L) by the nitrobenzene solutions of Co(III)-dicarbolide (3.3'-commo-bis(undecahydro-1,2-dicarba-3-cobalta-closo-dodecarborate) (-1), {(π-(3)-1,2-B9C2H11)2Co}-, henceforth only B-) of the concentration c(dicarbolide) = 10-3-10-1 mol l-1. Maxima of the Eu distribution ratio dependence on the concentration of polyethylene glycol are explained by the competition reactions between the positively charged europium complexes (EuL3+, EuLH-12+, and EuL23+, EuL2H-22+, or EuL33+) and protonized polyethylene glycol (HL+) in the organic phase. The respective equilibrium extraction constants were determined.

scholarly journals The Complex Formation of Antimony(III) in Perchloric Acid and Nitric Acid Solutions. A Solubility Study.

1974 ◽  
Vol 28a ◽  
pp. 1089-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Ahrland ◽  
Jan-Olov Bovin ◽  
Aase Hvidt ◽  
Arne Kjekshus ◽  
Bernt Klewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Solubility Study ◽  
Nitric Acid Solutions

scholarly journals Selective Adsorption Studies of Ytterbium on Sand from Aqueous Solution

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Rauf ◽  
S.M. Hasany ◽  
I. Ellahi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Studies ◽  
Nitric Acid Solutions ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

Adsorption studies of ytterbium on sand from dilute nitric acid solutions have been studied in relation to the properties of both adsorbate and adsorbent. The conditions for maximum adsorption were optimized. The effect of added cations, anions and other metal ions were also investigated. Ytterbium was found to separate well from solutions containing CoII, EuIII and ZnII in appreciable amounts under given conditions.

scholarly journals Extraction of Dy(III) and Sm(III) with N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-dioctylsuccinamide

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU. Cui ◽  
Sun Sixiu ◽  
Sun Guoxin ◽  
Zhang Zhenwei ◽  
LI. Yexin
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Spectral Study ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Nitric Acid Solutions

This work was focused on the applicability of a new diamide N,N?-dimethyl- N,N?-dioctylsuccinamide (DMDOSA) employing cyclohexane as the diluent to extract Dy(III) and Sm(III) from nitric acid solutions. The extraction from HNO3 was investigated by distributionmeasurements. The stoichiometry of the predominant adducts of DMDOSA with HNO3 is 1:1 (HNO3.DMDOSA) under the studied conditions. The effect of the concentrations of nitric acid, lithium nitrate and extractant on the distribution ratio was investigated. An IR spectral study was also made of the extracted species.

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