Studien in der vitamin-K- und vitamin-E-reihe XII. Synthese von 2-methyl-3-difarnesyl-1,4-naphthochinon und verwandten verbindungen

1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1914-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weichet ◽  
L. Bláha ◽  
V. Kvita
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin K

scholarly journals Menaquinone-4 in breast milk is derived from dietary phylloquinone

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. W. Thijssen ◽  
M.-J. Drittij ◽  
C. Vermeer ◽  
E. Schoffelen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers

The effect of maternal phylloquinone supplementation on vitamin K in breast milk was studied to establish: (1) if phylloquinone is the source of menaquinone-4 in breast milk; (2) the dose–effect relationship between intake and obtainable levels. Four groups of lactating mothers with a full-term healthy infant participated and took oral phylloquinone supplements of 0·0 (n8), 0·8 (n8), 2·0 (n8), and 4·0 (n7) mg/d for 12 d, starting at day 4 post-partum. Milk samples were collected on days 4, 8, 16, and 19. Blood samples were collected on days 4 and 16. Vitamin K and vitamin E concentrations, the latter for reason of comparison, were assayed. Phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 were present in all milk samples: 5·84 (SD 2·31) AND 2·98 (sd 1·51) nmol/l (n31) respectively, in colostrum (day 4 sample). A strong correlation between the vitamers was found (r0·78,P<0·001). Breast-milk phylloquinone levels were raised in a dose-dependent manner: 4-, 12-, and 30-fold on day 16 for the 0·8, 2·0, and 4·0 mg group respectively. In addition, menaquinone-4 levels were higher: 2·5- (P<0·05) and 7-fold (P<0·001) in the 2·0 and 4·0 mg groups respectively. Plasma of supplemented subjects contained 3-, 5-, and 10-fold higher phylloquinone levels on day 16. Detectable menaquinone-4 was found in ten of thirty-one day 4 plasma samples. All day 16 plasma samples of the 4 mg supplemented group contained the vitamin. There was no correlation between the K-vitamers in plasma. Vitamin E and phylloquinone appear to differ in their distribution in breast milk, milk:plasma concentration ratios were ≤1 and 3–5 for vitamin E and phylloquinone respectively. The milk:plasma concentration ratio of menaquinone-4 was >10. In conclusion, dietary phylloquinone is a source of menaquinone-4 in breast milk. Phylloquinone supplementation to lactating mothers may be of benefit to the newborn infant, since both phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 are raised by supplementation.

scholarly journals Development, Optimization, and Comparison of Different Sample Pre-Treatments for Simultaneous Determination of Vitamin E and Vitamin K in Vegetables

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2509
Author(s):  
Antonella Aresta ◽  
Gualtiero Milani ◽  
Maria Lisa Clodoveo ◽  
Carlo Franchini ◽  
Pietro Cotugno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Target Analytes

The absence of vitamin E from the diet can lead to cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, and premature aging. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders. These fat-soluble vitamins are important nutritional factors that can be determined in different methods in vegetables. In this work, the simultaneous determination of α-tocopherol, α-tocopheryl acetate, phylloquinone, and menaquinone-4 by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been optimized using both direct injection and solid phase microextraction (SPME). Three different sample pre-treatment approaches based on: (A) solid–liquid–liquid–liquid extraction (SLE–LLE), (B) SLE, and (C) SPME were then applied to extract the target analytes from vegetables samples using menaquinone as internal standard. All the procedures allowed the determination of the target analytes in onion, carrot, celery, and curly kale samples. Similar results were obtained with the three different approaches, even if the one based on SPME offers the best performance, together with a reduced use of solvent, time consumption, and experimental complexity, which makes it the preferable option for industrial applications.

VITAMIN K: A GROWTH FACTOR FOR THE HOUSE CRICKET (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Equimolar Amount ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Effect On Growth

AbstractVitamin K1 added to a basic diet for the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), significantly improves growth of male and female larvae. Growth is significantly better with 18.7 μg K1/g than it is with an equimolar amount of vitamin E. Unlike vitamin E, however, vitamin K1 is without effect on reproduction. Vitamins K3 and K5, and coumarin, have no effect or a slightly inhibiting effect on growth, and no effect on reproduction.

scholarly journals Estimation of Vitamins in Aframomum melegueta [Roscoe] K. Schum and Its Relevance as Natural Immune Booster

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
V. O. Olumekun ◽  
O. T. Osuntokun ◽  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
I. O. Omotuyi ◽  
A. Olonisakin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Immune Booster ◽  
Stem Leaf

The importance of sourcing products of natural origin in boosting immunity against infectious diseases during therapeutic interventions especially in developing countries has been underscored. The need therefore arose to investigate candidate sources within locally available flora based on identified ethno-practices in the region. The potentiality of Aframomum melegueta as a source of vitamins which are recognized immune boosters was investigated. Plant samples were collected from the wild near Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria and separated into Stem, Leaf sheath, Fruit pulp (mesocarp) and Seed parts. The samples were oven-dried, pulverized and extracted with methanol and filtered with Whatman No 1 filtered paper. The filtrates were concentrated in-vacuo using vacuum rotary evaporator at 40°C and was later concentrated to dryness in a ventilated oven at 40°C. Analyses of vitamin content of the samples were conducted using standard analytical methods. The plant displayed a rich array of Vitamins with the seeds having the highest concentration compared to the Stem, Leaf sheath, Fruit pulp (mesocarp) and Seed extracts. Values obtained for seed and stem extracts respectively were Vitamin C (16.8 mg/g, 5.85 mg/g), Vitamin B (1.15 mg/g, 0.41 mg/g), Vitamin B3 (0.98 mg/g, 0.30 mg/g), Vitamin E (0.75 mg/g, 0.11 mg/g), Vitamin B6 (0.03 mg/g, 0.006 mg/g), Vitamin B12 (4.22 mg/g, 0.50 mg/g), Vitamin A (1024.1 mg/g, 189.9 mg/g), Vitamin E (0.75 mg/g, 0.11 mg/g), Vitamin D (0.68 mg/g, 0.03 mg/g) and Vitamin K (0.017 mg/g,0.007 mg/g). Standard daily recommended intakes for each vitamin are vitamin C -75 mg, B2, 3, 6 and B12 ranges from 2 mg to 18 mg, A -600 µg, E -10 mg, D -5 µg, and vitamin K -80 µg.  This study therefore elucidates the richness of Aframomum melegueta in essential vitamins and suggests its potential as an immune booster especially during the outbreaks of diseases. Direct consumption of the plant parts studied or as food supplement formula will be of benefit in the management of diseases.

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