Effect of aconitine on the metabolism of animal tissues in vitro II. Changes in the metabolism of brain, liver and kidney tissue in the presence of aconitine, potassium ions, and 2,4-dinitrophenol

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1614-1623
Author(s):  
Z. Beránková ◽  
F. Šorm
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Liver And Kidney

scholarly journals Reduced Latency in the Metastatic Niche Contributes to the More Aggressive Phenotype of LM8 Compared to Dunn Osteosarcoma Cells

Sarcoma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias J. E. Arlt ◽  
Ingo J. Banke ◽  
Josefine Bertz ◽  
Ram Mohan Ram Kumar ◽  
Roman Muff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
Cell Dormancy

Metastasis is the major cause of death of osteosarcoma patients and its diagnosis remains difficult. In preclinical studies, however, forced expression of reporter genes in osteosarcoma cells has remarkably improved the detection of micrometastases and, consequently, the quality of the studies. We recently showed that Dunn cells equipped with alacZreporter gene disseminated from subcutaneous primary tumors as frequently as their highly metastatic subline LM8, but only LM8 cells grew to macrometastases. In the present time-course study, tail-vein-injected Dunn and LM8 cells settled within 24 h at the same frequency in the lung, liver, and kidney of mice. Furthermore, Dunn cells also grew to macrometastases, but, compared to LM8, with a delay of two weeks in lung and one week in liver and kidney tissue, consistent with prolonged survival of the mice. Dunn- and LM8-cell-derived ovary and spine metastases occurred less frequently.In vitro, Dunn cells showed less invasiveness and stronger contact inhibition and intercellular adhesion than LM8 cells and several cancer- and dormancy-related genes were differentially expressed. In conclusion, Dunn cells, compared to LM8, have a similar capability but a longer latency to form macrometastases and provide an interesting new experimental system to study tumor cell dormancy.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Different Doses of Cyclophosphamide on Liver and Kidney Tissue in Swiss Albino Mice: A Histopathological Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Bhat ◽  
Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur ◽  
Supriya Padmashali ◽  
Vidya Monappa
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Regimen ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an anti- cancer drug, used in chemotherapy. This is a toxic drug which targets the cancer cells and also the normal cells of the body. The original compound is inactive in vitro and exercises its biologic action through metabolites, chiefly phosphoramide mustard. The objective is to study the harmful effects of this drug on liver and kidney tissues.METHODS: To study the effect of cyclophosphamide on histology of liver and kidney, 40 adult male mice were taken and divided into two groups: control and test. Those in the test group were injected with the drug at doses of 100, 200, 250 mg/kg body weight. They were then sacrificed on day 7, 28 and 42. The liver and kidney tissue was processed, sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin.RESULTS: Pathological changes were seen in the tissue within 7 days in high doses and after 28 days in low doses. As the dosage and the days administered increased, the changes were prominently seen and widespread. Pathology ranging from mild infiltration to necrosis and finally cytolysis were seen in liver and kidney tissue.CONCLUSION: Our study has demonstrated the effect of a progressive increase in dosage of cyclophosphamide in albino mice, and pathological alterations were observed in histology of liver and kidney by sequentially increasing both the dosage and duration of treatment. Subsequently, regular monitoring of liver and kidney function tests in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic regimen with administration of ahepato and nephroprotective agent becomes vital. 

scholarly journals β-2-Thienyl-dl-alanine as an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase and phenylalanine intestinal transport

1979 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul A. Wapnir ◽  
Gary S. Moak
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The inhibitory properties of β-2-thienyl-dl-alanine on rat phenylalanine hydroxylase from crude liver and kidney homogenates were assessed in vitro and in vivo, as well as its effects on the intestinal transport of phenylalanine, by using a perfusion procedure in vivo. The apparent Km for liver phenylalanine hydroxylase changed from 0.61mm in the absence of the inhibitor to 2.70mm in the presence of 24mm-β-2-thienyl-dl-alanine, with no significant change in the Vmax.. For kidney the corresponding values were 0.50 and 1.60mm respectively. A single dose of β-2-thienyl-dl-alanine (2mmol/kg) failed to inhibit phenylalanine hydroxylase in either organ. Repeated injections during a 4-day period caused a decline of the enzymic activity to about 40% of controls. Intestinal absorption of phenylalanine when perfused at 0.2–2.0mm concentration was also competitively inhibited by β-2-thienyl-dl-alanine. Its Ki value was estimated at 81mm. The limited inhibitory effects of β-2-thienyl-dl-alanine towards hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase and phenylalanine intestinal transport, and its rapid metabolism, as suggested by the small elimination of this compound in the urine and its virtual absence from animal tissues, are factors that restrict its potential usefulness as an inducer of phenylketonuria in rats or as an effective blocker of phenylalanine absorption by the gut.

scholarly journals Enhanced 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in stress adaptation in the guinea pig

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Quinkler ◽  
H Troeger ◽  
E Eigendorff ◽  
C Maser-Gluth ◽  
A Stiglic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Acth Treatment ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSDs) convert cortisol to its inactive metabolite cortisone and vice versa. 11beta-HSD type 1 (11beta-HSD-1) functions as a reductase in vivo, regulating intracellular cortisol levels and its access to the glucocorticoid receptor. In contrast, 11beta-HSD-2 only mediates oxidation of natural glucocorticoids, and protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from high cortisol concentrations. We investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of ACTH on the recently characterized 11beta-HSDs in guinea pig liver and kidney. Tissue slices of untreated guinea pigs were incubated with (3)H-labelled cortisol or cortisone and ACTH(1-24) (10(-10) and 10(-9) mol/l). The 11beta-HSD activities in liver and kidney slices were not influenced by in vitro incubation with ACTH(1-24). In addition, guinea pigs were treated with ACTH(1-24) or saline injections s.c. for 3 days. Liver and kidney tissue slices of these animals were incubated with (3)H-labelled cortisol or cortisone. In vivo ACTH treatment significantly increased reductase and decreased oxidase activity in liver and kidney. Furthermore, 11beta-HSD-1 activity assessed by measurement of the urinary ratio of (tetrahydrocortisol (THF)+5alphaTHF)/(tetrahydrocortisone) was significantly increased after ACTH treatment compared with the control group. Plasma levels of cortisol, cortisone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione increased significantly following in vivo ACTH treatment. The enhanced reductase activity of the hepatic and renal 11beta-HSD-1 is apparently caused by cortisol or other ACTH-dependent steroids rather than by ACTH itself. This may be an important fine regulation of the glucocorticoid tonus for stress adaptation in every organ, e.g. enhanced gluconeogenesis in liver.

Electron microscopic study of the membrane glycoproteins in the rat kidney after cisplatin treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interstrand Cross Links ◽  
Cross Links

The proposed primary mechanism of action of the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis-DDP) is through its interaction with DNA, mostly through DNA intrastrand cross-links or DNA interstrand cross-links. DNA repair mechanisms can circumvent this arrest thus permitting replication and transcription to proceed. Various membrane transport enzymes have also been demonstrated to be effected by cisplatin. Glycoprotein alkaline phosphatase was looked at in the proximal tubule cells before and after cisplatin both in vivo and in vitro for its inactivation or its removal from the membrane using light and electron microscopy.Outbred male Swiss Webster (Crl: (WI) BR) rats weighing 150-250g were given ip injections of cisplatin (7mg/kg). Animals were killed on day 3 and day 5. Thick slices (20-50.um) of kidney tissue from treated and untreated animals were fixed in 1% buffered glutaraldehyde and 1% formaldehyde (0.05 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.3) for 30 min at 4°C. Alkaline phosphatase activity and carbohydrates were demonstrated according to methods described earlier.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

YAP1 Overexpression Is Associated with Kidney Dysfunction in Lupus Nephritis

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ying Xie ◽  
Yuanyuan Ruan ◽  
Huimei Zou ◽  
Yixin Wang ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Protein Levels

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The goal of the present study was to determine the expression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in renal tissues of mice with lupus nephritis (LN) and elucidate its role in the progression of renal fibrosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> C57BL/6 mice and MRL/lpr mice were selected for experimental comparison. Mouse kidney tissues were removed and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s trichome staining, Sirius staining, and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of YAP1 in mouse kidney tissues were detected, and the correlation between YAP1 and fibronectin (FN) mRNA levels was analyzed. Mouse renal epithelial cells were used for in vitro experiments. After transfection and stimulation, the cells were divided into 4 groups, namely the C57BL/6 serum group (group 1), the MRL/lpr serum group (group 2), the MRL/lpr serum + siRNA-negative control group (group 3), and the MRL/lpr serum + siRNA-YAP1 group (group 4). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in each group were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary protein levels were detected and assessed for their correlation with YAP1 mRNA levels by Spearman’s analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared to C57BL/6 mice, MRL/lpr mice exhibited obvious changes in fibrosis in renal tissues. In addition, YAP1 expression was significantly higher in the renal tissues of MRL/lpr mice than in those of C57BL/6 mice, and YAP1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of FN. YAP1 silencing in lupus serum-stimulated cells could effectively relieve serum-induced EMT. Finally, we observed that YAP1 mRNA levels in mouse kidney tissue were significantly and positively correlated with the degree of renal function injury. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> YAP1 expression in the kidney tissues of LN mice was higher than that observed in normal mice, indicating that YAP1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of LN.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF SOME EFFECTS OF PHLORIZIN ON THE METABOLISM OF KIDNEY TISSUE IN VITRO

1956 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 843-853
Author(s):  
WilliamD. Lotspeich ◽  
DanielM. Keller ◽  
With the technical assistance of S. Woronkow
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue

scholarly journals THE METABOLISM OF HYDROCORTISONE BY KIDNEY TISSUE IN VITRO

1956 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Ganis ◽  
Leonard R. Axelrod ◽  
Leon L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue
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