scholarly journals Late Miocene rejuvenation of central Idaho landscape evolution: A case for surface processes driven by plume-lithosphere interaction

Lithosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff E. Larimer ◽  
Brian J. Yanites ◽  
William Phillips ◽  
Eric Mittelstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Central Idaho

Factors controlling the interaction between tectonics and surface processes in convergent orogens: insight from analogue and numerical models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Reitano ◽  
Claudio Faccenna ◽  
Francesca Funiciello ◽  
Fabio Corbi ◽  
Sean Willett
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Oblique View ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Geomorphic Features ◽  
Set Up

<p>Convergent orogens are the best places on Earth for studying the interaction between surface processes and tectonics. They display the highest surface uplift rates and in turn are more likely affected by erosion. The balance between tectonics and erosion is responsible for many aspects in the evolution of a mountain belt. Despite the growth of analysis techniques, our understanding is still limited by the impossibility to observe these processes through their entire evolution. In particular, understanding how single parameters affect the system is necessary to unravel the nature of these multiple-interrelated processes.</p><p>Here we propose a new series of analogue models reproducing a simplified and scaled natural convergent orogenic system, to investigate the evolution of landscapes in which both tectonics and erosion/sedimentation are present. The growth of the orogenic wedge is driven by a rigid plate pushing the rear of the model. Deformed brittle granular material is a mixture of silica powder, glass microbeads and PVC powder. This mixture allows for the observation of both deforming structures and geomorphic features. Erosion is simulated by a water sprinkler system, providing a fine mist as precipitation which collects into simulated rivers, shaping the landscape. The model therefore allows observing the interaction between tectonics and surface processes. We analyze the model evolution monitoring oblique-view with cameras and top-view with a laser scanner. The latter is useful for measuring the mass balance between input fluxes (tectonics) and output fluxes (erosion) and in fulfilling a proper parametric study on the cause-effect relationship. The effect of different parameters on landscape evolution (e.g., precipitation rate, convergence velocity) is investigated systematically.</p><p>Our preliminary results analyze the relationship between single parameters and their effect on the models, allowing a proper definition of the role played in the landscape evolution. We also set up a benchmark with numerical models using DACI3ELVIS code in the same tectonic setting.</p>

scholarly journals The SPACE 1.0 model: a Landlab component for 2-D calculation of sediment transport, bedrock erosion, and landscape evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4577-4604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Shobe ◽  
Gregory E. Tucker ◽  
Katherine R. Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Flux Divergence ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Lithospheric Flexure ◽  
Bedrock Erosion

Abstract. Models of landscape evolution by river erosion are often either transport-limited (sediment is always available but may or may not be transportable) or detachment-limited (sediment must be detached from the bed but is then always transportable). While several models incorporate elements of, or transition between, transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, most require that either sediment or bedrock, but not both, are eroded at any given time. Modeling landscape evolution over large spatial and temporal scales requires a model that can (1) transition freely between transport-limited and detachment-limited behavior, (2) simultaneously treat sediment transport and bedrock erosion, and (3) run in 2-D over large grids and be coupled with other surface process models. We present SPACE (stream power with alluvium conservation and entrainment) 1.0, a new model for simultaneous evolution of an alluvium layer and a bedrock bed based on conservation of sediment mass both on the bed and in the water column. The model treats sediment transport and bedrock erosion simultaneously, embracing the reality that many rivers (even those commonly defined as bedrock rivers) flow over a partially alluviated bed. SPACE improves on previous models of bedrock–alluvial rivers by explicitly calculating sediment erosion and deposition rather than relying on a flux-divergence (Exner) approach. The SPACE model is a component of the Landlab modeling toolkit, a Python-language library used to create models of Earth surface processes. Landlab allows efficient coupling between the SPACE model and components simulating basin hydrology, hillslope evolution, weathering, lithospheric flexure, and other surface processes. Here, we first derive the governing equations of the SPACE model from existing sediment transport and bedrock erosion formulations and explore the behavior of local analytical solutions for sediment flux and alluvium thickness. We derive steady-state analytical solutions for channel slope, alluvium thickness, and sediment flux, and show that SPACE matches predicted behavior in detachment-limited, transport-limited, and mixed conditions. We provide an example of landscape evolution modeling in which SPACE is coupled with hillslope diffusion, and demonstrate that SPACE provides an effective framework for simultaneously modeling 2-D sediment transport and bedrock erosion.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene – Holocene surface processes and landscape evolution in the central Swiss Alps

Geomorphology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 306-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Boxleitner ◽  
Alessandra Musso ◽  
Jarosław Waroszewski ◽  
Małgorzata Malkiewicz ◽  
Max Maisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Surface Processes
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