scholarly journals Drainage network reveals patterns and history of active deformation in the eastern Greater Caucasus

Geosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Forte ◽  
Kelin X. Whipple ◽  
Eric Cowgill
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Network ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Active deformation and Plio-Pleistocene fluvial reorganization of the western Kura fold–thrust belt, Georgia: implications for the evolution of the Greater Caucasus Mountains

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lasha Sukhishvili ◽  
Adam M. Forte ◽  
Giorgi Merebashvili ◽  
Joel Leonard ◽  
Kelin X. Whipple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Directed Flow ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Piggyback Basin ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
Southward Migration

Abstract Since Plio-Pleistocene time, southward migration of shortening in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus into the Kura foreland basin has progressively formed the Kura fold–thrust belt and Alazani piggyback basin, which separates the Kura fold–thrust belt from the Greater Caucasus. Previous work argued for an eastward propagation of the Kura fold–thrust belt, but this hypothesis was based on coarse geological maps and speculative ages for units within the Kura fold–thrust belt. Here we investigate the initiation of deformation within the Gombori range in the western Kura fold–thrust belt and evaluate this eastward propagation hypothesis. Sediments exposed in the Gombori range have a Greater Caucasus source, despite the modern drainage network in the NE Gombori range, which is dominated by NE-flowing rivers. Palaeocurrent analyses of the oldest and youngest syntectonic units indicate a switch happened between ~2.7 Ma and 1 Ma from dominantly SW-directed flow to palaeocurrents more similar to the modern drainage network. A single successful 26Al–10Be burial date indicates the youngest syntectonic sediments are 1.0 ± 1.0 Ma, which, while not a precise age, is consistent with original mapping suggesting these sediments are of Akchagylian–Apsheronian (2.7–0.88 Ma) age. These results, along with recent updated dating of thrust initiation in the eastern Kura fold–thrust belt, suggest that deformation within the Kura fold–thrust belt initiated synchronously or nearly synchronously along-strike. We additionally use topographic analyses to show that the Gombori range continues to be a zone of active deformation.

Divide mobility controls knickpoint migration on the Roan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schwanghart ◽  
Dirk Scherler
Keyword(s):  
Colorado River ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Area Loss ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
River Profiles

<p>Knickpoints in longitudinal river profiles provide proxies for the climatic and tectonic history of active mountains. The analysis of river profiles commonly relies on the assumption that drainage network configurations are stable. Here we show that this assumption must made cautiously if changes in contributing area are fast relative to knickpoint migration rates. We study the Parachute Creek basin in the Roan Plateau, Colorado, United States. Low spatial variations in climate and erosional efficiency permit us to reveal and quantify drainage-area loss that occurred in one of the subbasins where observed knickpoint locations are farther upstream than predicted by a model that takes present-day drainage areas into account. We developed a Lagrangian model of knickpoint migration which enables us to study the kinematic links between drainage area loss and knickpoint migration and that provides us with constraints on the temporal aspects of area loss. Modelled onset and amount of area loss are consistent with cliff retreat rates along the margin of the Roan Plateau inferred from the incisional history of the upper Colorado River.</p>

Late Pleistocene depositional systems of Metropolitan Toronto and their engineering and glacial geological significance

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Eyles
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depositional Systems ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Glacial Complex

The municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (area 480 km2, population 2.15 million) is centrally located on the Late Pleistocene sedimentary infill of the Laurentian Channel, a broad bedrock low up to 115 km wide connecting the Huron and Ontario basins. This channel forms part of a relict (late Tertiary?) drainage network (the Laurentian River) modified by Pleistocene glacial erosion and infilled by over 100 m of glacial and interglacial sediments. The subsurface stratigraphy of the channel fill below Metropolitan Toronto has been established from many different data sources and is depicted, in this paper, as a series of cross sections with a total length of nearly 105 km.The subsurface stratigraphy has been divided, provisionally, into five depositional complexes, which have been mapped in the subsurface along several transects. These are (1) a glacial complex of Illinoian (?) age, (2) a lacustrine complex of Sangamon Interglacial and earliest Wisconsinan sediments (120 000 – 75 000 BP?), (3) a glaciolacustrine – lacustrine complex spanning the Early and Mid-Wisconsinan (75 000 – 30 000 BP?), (4) a Late Wisconsinan (> 30 000 BP) glacial complex, and (5) a postglacial lacustrine complex (ca. 12 000 BP).The data presented in this paper are significant for applied geological investigations in the heavily urbanized Toronto area and provide new insights into the glacial history of the Ontario Basin, in particular the regional extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin prior to the Late Wisconsinan.

Structural Styles and Tectonic History of the Candy Cane Mountains (Eastern Part of the Greater Caucasus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seyidova ◽  
T. Hamzayeva ◽  
L. Aliyeva ◽  
G. Najafzadeh ◽  
S. Ismayilzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic history of the central Chinese Tian Shan: Reactivated tectonic structures and active deformation

Tectonics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jolivet ◽  
S. Dominguez ◽  
J. Charreau ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
Yongan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tian Shan

scholarly journals Insight into Ceramic Technologies at the Maikop Site of Ust-Dzheguta, Karachay-Cherkessia

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
M. Iserlis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Production ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Optical Mineralogy ◽  
Mineralogy Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

The Maikop culture of the 4th millennium BC has long been recognized as one of the most intriguing phenomena in the archaeology and history of Eurasia. A pottery assemblage of Ust-Dzheguta, located on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus, should provide an insight into Maikop society and its technological and social choices. The article provides information on geographical location and geological settings of the Maikop site. Based on optical mineralogy analysis, potential raw materials and geological maps, fabrics and their possible geological sources were defi ned. The pottery assemblage exhibits technical and technological heterogeneity, including the use of a variety of raw materials and techniques. Correlation between types of vessels and fabrics is traced. Three Maikop pottery industries have been identifi ed. Most of massive and sophisticated basins and pithoi were produced by highly skilled and specialized potters. The majority of vessels were manufactured by part-time potters. Cooking vessels were made as part of household production. The conclusion is provided about the established specialization in the pottery manufacture and preservation of household production.

scholarly journals River patterns reveal landscape evolution at the edge of subduction, Marlborough Fault System, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R. Duvall ◽  
Sarah A. Harbert ◽  
Phaedra Upton ◽  
Gregory E. Tucker ◽  
Rebecca M. Flowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Boundaries ◽  
Channel Steepness

Abstract. Here we examine the landscape of New Zealand's Marlborough Fault System, where the Australian and Pacific plates obliquely collide, in order to consider landscape evolution and the controls on fluvial patterns at complicated plate tectonic boundaries. Based on topographic patterns, we divide the study area into two geomorphic domains, the Kaikōura and Inland Marlborough regions. We present maps of drainage anomalies and channel steepness, as well as an analysis of the plan view orientations of rivers and faults, and find abundant evidence of structurally-controlled drainage and a history of capture and rearrangement. Channel steepness is highest in a zone centered on the Kaikōura domain, including within the low-elevation valleys of main stem rivers and at tributaries near the coast. This pattern is consistent with an increase in rock uplift rate toward a subduction front that is locked on its southern end. Based on these results and a wealth of previous geologic studies, we propose two broad stages of landscape evolution over the last 25 million years of orogenesis. In the Kaikōura domain, Miocene folding above blind thrust or reverse faults generated prominent mountain peaks and formed major transverse rivers early in the plate collision history. A transition to Pliocene dextral strike-slip faulting and widespread uplift led to cycles of river channel offset, deflection and capture of tributaries draining across active faults, and headward erosion and captures by major transverse rivers within the Inland Marlborough domain. Despite clear evidence of recent rearrangement of the Inland Marlborough drainage network, rivers in this domain still flow parallel to the older faults, rather than along orthogonal traces of younger, active faults. Continued flow in the established drainage pattern may indicate that younger faults are not yet mature enough to generate the damage and weakening needed to reorient rivers. We conclude that faulting, uplift, river capture and drainage network entrenchment all dictate drainage patterns and that each factor should be considered when assessing tectonic strain from landscapes, particularly at long-lived and complex tectonic boundaries.

Geological history of the Kerch-Taman area based on the reconstruction of the regional balanced section

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
G. V. Baskakova ◽  
A. M. Nikishin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Geological Cross Section ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Sector ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

The geological framework and tectonics of the Eastern Black Sea region is characterized through balancing a geological cross-section and paleoreconstruction during the Paleogene-Neogene period. Studied area includes the Kerch-Taman Trough, the Anapa Swell (the continuation of the immersed part of the Greater Caucasus Orogen), the Tuapse trough and the Shatsky Swell. The paper is mainly focused on the Russian shelf zone of the Black sea. The results are important for understanding of the trap formation time and the hydrocarbon deposits preservation in the Russian sector of the Black sea shelf.

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