scholarly journals Interpreting two-dimensional cuts through broken geologic objects: Fractal and non-fractal size distributions

Geosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 902-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Glazner ◽  
Ryan D. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Size Distributions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fractal Size

Temporal Evolution of Grain Size Distributions in Two-Dimensional Pinned Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 1003-1008
Author(s):  
C.H. Wörner ◽  
A. Olguín
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pinning Centers ◽  
Grain Size Distributions ◽  
Polycrystalline Aggregates

The distribution of sizes for grain growth in presence of pinning centers (Zener pinned growth) is communicated at different times. The experimental approach uses the well-known similitude between growth in polycrystalline aggregates and cellular soap froths. Two-dimensional results are communicated with grain growth limited by a set of randomly distributed rounded pins.

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF BRITTLE SOLID FRACTURE

1996 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 717-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER V. POTAPOV ◽  
CHARLES S. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Brittle Solid ◽  
Space Filling ◽  
Comparison With Experiment ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Simulated Material

This paper describes an extension into three dimensions of an existing two-dimensional technique for simulating brittle solid fracture. The fracture occurs on a simulated solid created by "gluing" together space-filling polyhedral elements with compliant interelement joints. Such a material can be shown to have well-defined elastic properties. However, the "glue" can only support a specified tensile stress and breaks when that stress is exceeded. In this manner, a crack can propagate across the simulated material. A comparison with experiment shows that the simulation can accurately reproduce the size distributions for all fragments with linear dimensions greater than three element sizes.

scholarly journals Development of an aerosol microphysical module: Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 10659-10699
Author(s):  
H. Matsui ◽  
M. Koike ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
J. D. Fast ◽  
M. Takigawa
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Aerosol Module ◽  
Mixing States ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Number concentrations, size distributions, and mixing states of aerosols are essential parameters for accurate estimation of aerosol direct and indirect effects. In this study, we develop an aerosol module, designated Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS), that can represent these parameters explicitly by considering new particle formation (NPF), black carbon (BC) aging, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) processes. A two-dimensional bin representation is used for particles with dry diameters from 40 nm to 10 μm to resolve both aerosol size (12 bins) and BC mixing state (10 bins) for a total of 120 bins. The particles with diameters from 1 to 40 nm are resolved using an additional 8 size bins to calculate NPF. The ATRAS module is implemented in the WRF-chem model and applied to examine the sensitivity of simulated mass, number, size distributions, and optical and radiative parameters of aerosols to NPF, BC aging and SOA processes over East Asia during the spring of 2009. BC absorption enhancement by coating materials is about 50% over East Asia during the spring, and the contribution of SOA processes to the absorption enhancement is estimated to be 10–20% over northern East Asia and 20–35% over southern East Asia. A clear north-south contrast is also found between the impacts of NPF and SOA processes on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations: NPF increases CCN concentrations at higher supersaturations (smaller particles) over northern East Asia, whereas SOA increases CCN concentrations at lower supersaturations (larger particles) over southern East Asia. Application of ATRAS to East Asia also shows that the impact of each process on each optical and radiative parameter depends strongly on the process and the parameter in question. The module can be used in the future as a benchmark model to evaluate the accuracy of simpler aerosol models and examine interactions between NPF, BC aging, and SOA processes under different meteorological conditions and emissions.

scholarly journals Development of an aerosol microphysical module: Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 10315-10331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Matsui ◽  
M. Koike ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
J. D. Fast ◽  
M. Takigawa
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Aerosol Module ◽  
Mixing States ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Number concentrations, size distributions, and mixing states of aerosols are essential parameters for accurate estimations of aerosol direct and indirect effects. In this study, we develop an aerosol module, designated the Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS), that can explicitly represent these parameters by considering new particle formation (NPF), black carbon (BC) aging, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) processes. A two-dimensional bin representation is used for particles with dry diameters from 40 nm to 10 μm to resolve both aerosol sizes (12 bins) and BC mixing states (10 bins) for a total of 120 bins. The particles with diameters between 1 and 40 nm are resolved using additional eight size bins to calculate NPF. The ATRAS module is implemented in the WRF-Chem model and applied to examine the sensitivity of simulated mass, number, size distributions, and optical and radiative parameters of aerosols to NPF, BC aging, and SOA processes over East Asia during the spring of 2009. The BC absorption enhancement by coating materials is about 50% over East Asia during the spring, and the contribution of SOA processes to the absorption enhancement is estimated to be 10–20% over northern East Asia and 20–35% over southern East Asia. A clear north–south contrast is also found between the impacts of NPF and SOA processes on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations: NPF increases CCN concentrations at higher supersaturations (smaller particles) over northern East Asia, whereas SOA increases CCN concentrations at lower supersaturations (larger particles) over southern East Asia. The application of ATRAS in East Asia also shows that the impact of each process on each optical and radiative parameter depends strongly on the process and the parameter in question. The module can be used in the future as a benchmark model to evaluate the accuracy of simpler aerosol models and examine interactions between NPF, BC aging, and SOA processes under different meteorological conditions and emissions.

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