scholarly journals What drives large-scale glacier detachments? Insights from Flat Creek glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylène Jacquemart ◽  
Michael Loso ◽  
Matthias Leopold ◽  
Ethan Welty ◽  
Etienne Berthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Subglacial Drainage

Abstract Two large-scale glacier detachments occurred at the peaks of the 2013 and 2015 CE melt seasons, releasing a cumulative 24.4–31.3 × 106 m3 of ice and lithic material from Flat Creek glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska. Both events produced highly mobile and destructive flows with runout distances of more than 11 km. Our results suggest that four main factors led to the initial detachment in 2013: abnormally high meltwater input, an easily erodible glacier bed, inefficient subglacial drainage due to a cold-ice tongue, and increased driving stresses stemming from an internal redistribution of ice after 2011. Under a drastically altered stress regime, the stability of the glacier remained sensitive to water inputs thereafter, culminating in a second detachment in 2015. The similarities with two large detachments in the Aru mountains of Tibet suggest that these detachments were caused by a common mechanism, driven by unusually high meltwater inputs. As meltwater production increases with rising temperatures, the possible increase in frequency of glacier detachments has direct implications for risk management in glaciated regions.

scholarly journals REGIONAL SUPPORT EXPERIENCE FOOD SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
L. Lipatova ◽  
Lyudmila Abelova ◽  
Natal'ya Kataykina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability

The pandemic, which began in 2020, has seriously exacerbated the problem of food security in many countries. The purpose of the research is to identify the main factors of the stability of the agro-industrial complex using the example of one of the Russian regions and to consider the possibility of applying the accumulated experience in other subjects of the Federation. The object of the study is the Republic of Mordovia, a relatively small Volga region, located in the zone of risky farming and consistently demonstrating high rates of agricultural production. The region produces 1.2% of the total volume of agricultural products while its area is 0.2% and a population is 0.54% of the values of these indicators in the country. The study used data from Rosstat, proceedings from authoritative international organizations. One of the main factors for the stability of the regional agri-food complex is the high proportion of agricultural organizations, which is significantly higher than the national average. However, the cultivation of potatoes and vegetables is mainly concentrated in personal subsidiary plots, therefore, along with the implementation of an agricultural policy aimed at the development of large-scale agro-industrial production, it is necessary to organize the purchase of products from the population. This will help raise the living standards of villagers and stabilize the demographic situation. Another factor in the sustainable development of agriculture in Mordovia is the correct choice of intra-industry specialization. The leading industry is animal husbandry, the success of which is largely ensured by the dynamic development of poultry farming: the region accounts for 3.6% of the poultry population in agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation, Mordovia ranks 10th in the country in the production of eggs in agricultural organizations. The current demographic situation poses a potential threat to the development of the agricultural sector. If in Russia 1990-2018 the number of rural residents decreased by 4%, while in the Republic of Mordovia - by more than 30%. Therefore, the priority task of the social and economic policy of Mordovia should be the preservation of the rural population and the creation of conditions for attracting and fixing migrants in the region

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Two Types of Surface Displayed Levansucrases for Levan Biosynthesis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Huiyi Shang ◽  
Danni Yang ◽  
Dairong Qiao ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Yi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Display ◽  
Yeast Surface Display ◽  
Fusion Partner ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Yeast Surface ◽  
The Stability

Levan has wide applications in chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The free levansucrase is usually used in the biosynthesis of levan, but the poor reusability and low stability of free levansucrase have limited its large-scale use. To address this problem, the surface-displayed levansucrase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were generated and evaluated in this study. The levansucrase from Zymomonas mobilis was displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 using a various yeast surface display platform. The N-terminal fusion partner is based on a-agglutinin, and the C-terminal one is Flo1p. The yield of levan produced by these two whole-cell biocatalysts reaches 26 g/L and 34 g/L in 24 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the stability of the surface-displayed levansucrases is significantly enhanced. After six reuses, these two biocatalysts retained over 50% and 60% of their initial activities, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular weight and polydispersity test of the products suggested that the whole-cell biocatalyst of levansucrase displayed by Flo1p has more potentials in the production of levan with low molecular weight which is critical in certain applications. In conclusion, our method not only enable the possibility to reuse the enzyme, but also improves the stability of the enzyme.

scholarly journals INTRACISTRONIC MAPPING OF ELECTROPHORETIC SITES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: FIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER BY GENE CONVERSION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Margaret McCarron ◽  
William Gelbart ◽  
Arthur Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Recombination Experiments

ABSTRACT A convenient method is described for the intracistronic mapping of genetic sites responsible for electrophoretic variation of a specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster. A number of wild-type isoalleles of the rosy locus have been isolated which are associated with the production of electrophoretically distinguishable xanthine dehydrogenases. Large-scale recombination experiments were carried out involving null enzyme mutants induced on electrophoretically distinct wild-type isoalleles, the genetic basis for which is followed as a nonselective marker in the cross. Additionally, a large-scale recombination experiment was carried out involving null enzyme rosy mutants induced on the same wild-type isoallele. Examination of the electrophoretic character of crossover and convertant products recovered from the latter experiment revealed that all exhibited the same parental electrophoretic character. In addition to documenting the stability of the xanthine dehydrogenase electrophoretic character, this observation argues against a special mutagenesis hypothesis to explain conversions resulting from allele recombination studies.

scholarly journals A Digital Framework to Predict the Sunshine Requirements of Landscape Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Heyi Wei ◽  
Wenhua Jiang ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
The City

Knowledge of the sunshine requirements of landscape plants is important information for the adaptive selection and configuration of plants for urban greening, and is also a basic attribute of plant databases. In the existing studies, the light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) have been commonly used to indicate the shade tolerance for a specific plant; however, these values are difficult to adopt in practice because the landscape architect does not always know what range of solar radiation is the best for maintaining plant health, i.e., normal growth and reproduction. In this paper, to bridge the gap, we present a novel digital framework to predict the sunshine requirements of landscape plants. First, the research introduces the proposed framework, which is composed of a black-box model, solar radiation simulation, and a health standard system for plants. Then, the data fitting between solar radiation and plant growth response is used to obtain the value of solar radiation at different health levels. Finally, we adopt the LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthetic System (Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) to verify the stability and accuracy of the digital framework through 15 landscape plant species of a residential area in the city of Wuhan, China, and also compared and analyzed the results of other researchers on the same plant species. The results show that the digital framework can robustly obtain the values of the healthy, sub-healthy, and unhealthy levels for the 15 landscape plant species. The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient forecasting tool for large-scale surveys of plant sunshine requirements. The proposed framework will be beneficial for the adaptive selection and configuration of urban plants and will facilitate the construction of landscape plant databases in future studies.

scholarly journals No-z Model for Magnetic Fields of Different Astrophysical Objects and Stability of the Solutions

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Evgeny Mikhailov ◽  
Daniela Boneva ◽  
Maria Pashentseva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accretion Discs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Alpha Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A wide range of astrophysical objects, such as the Sun, galaxies, stars, planets, accretion discs etc., have large-scale magnetic fields. Their generation is often based on the dynamo mechanism, which is connected with joint action of the alpha-effect and differential rotation. They compete with the turbulent diffusion. If the dynamo is intensive enough, the magnetic field grows, else it decays. The magnetic field evolution is described by Steenbeck—Krause—Raedler equations, which are quite difficult to be solved. So, for different objects, specific two-dimensional models are used. As for thin discs (this shape corresponds to galaxies and accretion discs), usually, no-z approximation is used. Some of the partial derivatives are changed by the algebraic expressions, and the solenoidality condition is taken into account as well. The field generation is restricted by the equipartition value and saturates if the field becomes comparable with it. From the point of view of mathematical physics, they can be characterized as stable points of the equations. The field can come to these values monotonously or have oscillations. It depends on the type of the stability of these points, whether it is a node or focus. Here, we study the stability of such points and give examples for astrophysical applications.

scholarly journals A new multi-level algorithm for balanced partition problem on large scale directed graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyue Li ◽  
Yufei Pang ◽  
Chenxia Zhao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qingzhen Dong
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Vlsi Design ◽  
Graph Partition ◽  
Partition Problem ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Recursive Partition ◽  
Balanced Partition ◽  
Partition Method

AbstractGraph partition is a classical combinatorial optimization and graph theory problem, and it has a lot of applications, such as scientific computing, VLSI design and clustering etc. In this paper, we study the partition problem on large scale directed graphs under a new objective function, a new instance of graph partition problem. We firstly propose the modeling of this problem, then design an algorithm based on multi-level strategy and recursive partition method, and finally do a lot of simulation experiments. The experimental results verify the stability of our algorithm and show that our algorithm has the same good performance as METIS. In addition, our algorithm is better than METIS on unbalanced ratio.

Application of projection-based model reduction to finite-element plate models for two-dimensional traveling waves

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1886-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya VN Sriram Malladi ◽  
Mohammad I Albakri ◽  
Serkan Gugercin ◽  
Pablo A Tarazaga
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Model Reduction ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
State Frequency ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
The Stability

A finite element (FE) model simulates an unconstrained aluminum thin plate to which four macro-fiber composites are bonded. This plate model is experimentally validated for single and multiple inputs. While a single input excitation results in the frequency response functions and operational deflection shapes, two input excitations under prescribed conditions result in tailored traveling waves. The emphasis of this article is the application of projection-based model reduction techniques to scale-down the large-scale FE plate model. Four model reduction techniques are applied and their performances are studied. This article also discusses the stability issues associated with the rigid-body modes. Furthermore, the reduced-order models are utilized to simulate the steady-state frequency and time response of the plate. The results are in agreement with the experimental and the full-scale FE model results.

scholarly journals Australian agricultural scale and corporate agroholdings: environmental and climatic impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Plunkett ◽  
Andrew Duff ◽  
Ross Kingwell ◽  
David Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentrate Production

The average size of Australian farms in scale and revenue are the globe’s largest. This scale is a result, in part, of low average rural population densities; development patterns in broadacre production; low levels of effective public policy transfers; a stable and suitable institutional setting suitable for corporate and other large scale investment; and low yields. It is also a factor of the natural variability of the country’s climatic systems which have contributed to the scale of extensive northern cattle production; this variability has implications for the pattern of ownership of broadacre and extensive production. Corporate ownership, tends to concentrate production aggregations at sufficient scale to offset its additional overheads in areas of relative climatic stability and to replicate these agroholding aggregations spatially to protect the stability of revenue flows. Family structures are more dominant in areas of greater climatic variability. Of interest is the impact that any increasing climatic variability (versus rapid changes in technology) may have upon this pattern.

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