scholarly journals The origin of large gypsum crystals in the Geode of Pulpí (Almería, Spain)

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1161-1165
Author(s):  
A. Canals ◽  
A.E.S. Van Driessche ◽  
F. Palero ◽  
J.M. García-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Oscillations

Abstract The Geode of Pulpí (Almería, Spain) is an ∼11 m3 ovoid cavity, the walls of which are covered with meter-sized idiomorphic and highly transparent gypsum (CaSO4●2H2O) crystals. We performed a thorough study based on field work, and petrographic and geochemical data collection, which aimed to reconstruct the geological history leading to the formation of this geode. The geode is hosted in mineralized Triassic carbonate rocks with a discontinuous mineral sequence from iron-carbonates and barite to celestine and finally gypsum (microcrystalline and selenite). Data from fluid inclusions show that barite precipitated above 100 °C, celestine at ∼70 °C, and gypsum below 25 °C. All δ34S sulfate phases fall between Triassic and Tertiary evaporite values. Barite and gypsum, either microcrystalline or large selenite crystals, show variable δ34S and δ18O compositions, whereas celestine and centimetric selenite gypsum have homogeneous values. We propose that the growth of the large selenite crystals in the Geode of Pulpí was the result of a self-feeding mechanism consisting of isovolumetric anhydrite replacement by gypsum at a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C, episodically contributed by a ripening process enhanced by temperature oscillations due to climatic change.

EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO SUBSIDIO A (RE)AVALIAÇÃO DAS FORMAS DE USO NA APA DO ESTUÁRIO DO RIO CEARÁ EM FORTALEZA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 962-975
Author(s):  
Emerson Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Ana Carla Alves Gomes ◽  
Ícaro Paiva de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Lucia Brito da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Del Rio

A pesquisa trata de uma análise da relação sociedade natureza no contexto da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do rio Ceará e teve como objetivo principal o estudo dos impactos negativos sofridos a partir dessa interação, descrevendo os principais problemas ocasionados pela ocupação desordenada, como a intervenção nas dunas, poluição do mangue e desmatamento da mata ciliar, os quais condicionam a mudança da dinâmica natural do ambiente causando interferências paisagísticas e biológicas no local. O aporte teórico metodológico embasa-se nas teorias clássicas pertinentes, bem como levantamento de dados secundários, trabalho de campo e a técnica de geoprocessamento para a elaboração de material cartográfico. Os resultados demonstram a urgência em inserir práticas vinculadas a educação ambiental na APA, dessa forma, o trabalho visa servir de subsídio à conscientização da necessidade de preservação deste ambiente, recomendando, assim o diálogo entre a população e os órgãos responsáveis para garantir o uso sustentável da mesma.Palavras-chave: Conservação; Educação Ambiental; Análise Geoambiental. ABSTRACTThe research deals with an analysis of the relation nature-society in the context of the APA (Ambiental Protection Area) of Ceará River and it had as main objective the study of the negative impacts suffered from this interaction, describing the main problems caused by the disordered occupation, such as the intervention in the dunes, mangrove pollution and deforestation of the riparian forest, which condition the change of the natural dynamics of the environment causing landscape and biological interferences in the place. The theoretical methodological support is based on the relevant classical theories, as well as secondary data collection, field work and the geoprocessing technique for the preparation of cartographic material. The results show the urgency to insert practices related to environmental education in the APA, so this work aims to serve as a subsidy to raise awareness of the need to preserve this environment, recommending in this way the dialogue between the population and responsible bodies to ensure sustainable use of the same. Keywords: Conservation; Environmental education; Geoenvironmental Analysis. RESUMENLa investigación aborda un análisis de la relación de la sociedad de la naturaleza en el contexto del Área de Protección Ambiental (APA) del río Ceará y su objetivo principal fue el estudio de los impactos negativos sufridos por esta interacción, describiendo los principales problemas causados por la ocupación desordenada, como el intervención en las dunas, contaminación del manglar y deforestación del bosque ribereño, que condicionan el cambio de la dinámica natural del ambiente causando interferencia biológica y paisajística en el lugar. La base teórica metodológica se basa en las teorías clásicas relevantes, así como en la recolección secundaria de datos, el trabajo de campo y la técnica de geoprocesamiento para la preparación de material cartográfico. Los resultados demuestran la urgencia de insertar prácticas relacionadas con la educación ambiental en la APA, por lo tanto, el trabajo tiene como objetivo apoyar la conciencia de la necesidad de preservar este medio ambiente, recomendando así el diálogo entre la población y los organismos responsables para garantizar un uso sostenible de la misma.Palabras clave: Conservación; Educación ambiental; Análisis geoambiental.

scholarly journals Formation environments and mechanisms of multistage paleokarst of Ordovician carbonates in Southern North China Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
Guangquan Xu ◽  
Mancai Liu ◽  
Minhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
North China ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Pore Types ◽  
North China Basin

AbstractWith the reduction of oil and gas reserves and the increase of mining difficulty in Northern China, the carbonate rocks in Southern North China Basin are becoming a significant exploration target for carbonate reservoirs. However, the development characteristics, formation stages, formation environments and mechanisms of the carbonate reservoirs in Southern North China Basin are still unclear, which caused the failures of many oil and gas exploration wells. This study focused on addressing this unsolved issue from the Ordovician carbonate paleokarst in the Huai-Fu Basin, which is located in the southeast of Southern North China Basin and one of the key areas for oil and gas exploration. Based on petrology, mineralogy and geochemical data, pore types, distribution characteristics, and formation stages of the Ordovician paleokarst were analyzed. Then, in attempt to define the origins of porosity development, the formation environments and mechanisms were illustrated. The results of this study showed that pore types of the Ordovician carbonates in the Huai-Fu Basin are mainly composed of intragranular pores, intercrystalline (intergranular) pores, dissolution pores (vugs), fractures, channels, and caves, which are usually in fault and fold zones and paleoweathering crust. Furthermore, five stages and five formation environments of the Ordovician paleokarst were identified. Syngenetic karst, eogenetic karst, and paleoweathering crust karst were all developed in a relatively open near-surface environment, and their formations are mainly related to meteoric water dissolution. Mesogenetic karst was developed in a closed buried environment, and its formation is mainly related to the diagenesis of organic matters and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the Permian-Carboniferous strata. Hydrothermal (water) karst was developed in a deep-buried and high-temperature environment, where hydrothermal fluids (waters) migrated upward through structures such as faults and fractures to dissolve carbonate rocks and simultaneously deposited hydrothermal minerals and calcites. Lastly, a paleokarst evolution model, combined with the related porosity evolution processes, nicely revealed the Ordovician carbonate reservoir development. This study provides insights and guidance for further oil and gas exploration in the Southern North China Basin, and also advances our understanding of the genesis of carbonate paleokarst around the world.

scholarly journals Diagenesis of a light, tight-oil chert reservoir at the Ediacaran/Cambrian boundary, Sultanate of Oman

GeoArabia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-178
Author(s):  
Joachim E. Amthor ◽  
Karl Ramseyer ◽  
Albert Matter ◽  
Thomas Pettke ◽  
Anthony E. Fallick
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Fracture System ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Matrix Porosity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Storage

ABSTRACT The Al Shomou Silicilyte Member (Athel Formation) in the South Oman Salt Basin shares many of the characteristics of a light, tight-oil (LTO) reservoir: it is a prolific source rock mature for light oil, it produces light oil from a very tight matrix and reservoir, and hydraulic fracking technology is required to produce the oil. What is intriguing about the Al Shomou Silicilyte, and different from other LTO reservoirs, is its position related to the Precambrian/Cambrian Boundary (PCB) and the fact that it is a ‘laminated chert’ rather than a shale. In an integrated diagenetic study we applied microstructural analyses (SEM, BSE) combined with state-of-the-art stable isotope and trace element analysis of the silicilyte matrix and fractures. Fluid inclusion microthermometry was applied to record the salinity and minimum trapping temperatures. The microstructural investigations reveal a fine lamination of the silicilyte matrix with a mean lamina thickness of ca. 20 μm consisting of predominantly organic matter-rich and finely crystalline quartz-rich layers, respectively. Authigenic, micron-sized idiomorphic quartz crystals are the main matrix components of the silicilyte. Other diagenetic phases are pyrite, apatite, dolomite, magnesite and barite cements. Porosity values based on neutron density logs and core plug data indicate porosity in the silicilyte ranges from less than 2% to almost to 40%. The majority of the pore space in the silicilyte is related to (primary) inter-crystalline pores, with locally important oversized secondary pores. Pore casts of the silica matrix show that pores are extremely irregular in three dimensions, and are generally interconnected by a complex web or meshwork of fine elongate pore throats. Mercury injection capillary data are in line with the microstructural observations suggesting two populations of pore throats, with an effective average modal diameter of 0.4 μm. The acquired geochemical data support the interpretation that the primary source of the silica is the ambient seawater rather than hydrothermal or biogenic. A maximum temperature of ca. 45°C for the formation of microcrystalline quartz in the silicilyte is good evidence that the lithification and crystallization of quartz occurred in the first 5 Ma after deposition. Several phases of brittle fracturing and mineralization occurred in response to salt tectonics during burial. The sequences of fracture-filling mineral phases (dolomite - layered chalcedony – quartz – apatite - magnesite I+II - barite – halite) indicates a complex fluid evolution after silicilyte lithification. Primary, all-liquid fluid inclusions in the fracture-filling quartz are good evidence of growth beginning at low temperatures, i.e. ≤ 50ºC. Continuous precipitation during increasing temperature and burial is documented by primary two-phase fluid inclusions in quartz cements that show brines at 50°C and first hydrocarbons at ca. 70°C. The absolute timing of each mineral phase can be constrained based on U-Pb geochronometry, and basin modelling. Secondary fluid inclusions in quartz, magnesite and barite indicate reactivation of the fracture system after peak burial temperature during the major cooling event, i.e. uplift, between 450 and 310 Ma. A number of first-order trends in porosity and reservoir-quality distribution are observed which are strongly related to the diagenetic and fluid history of the reservoir: the early in-situ generation of hydrocarbons and overpressure development arrests diagenesis and preserves matrix porosity. Chemical compaction by pressure dissolution in the flank areas could be a valid hypothesis to explain the porosity variations in the silicilitye slabs resulting in lower porosity and poorer connectivity on the flanks of the reservoir. Most of the hydrocarbon storage and production comes from intervals characterized by preserved micropores, not hydrocarbon storage in a fracture system. The absence of oil expulsion results in present-day high oil saturations. The main diagenetic modifications of the silicilyte occurred and were completed relatively early in its history, i.e. before 300 Ma. An instrumental factor for preserving matrix porosity is the difficulty for a given slab to evacuate all the fluids (water and hydrocarbons), or in other words, the very good sealing capacity of the salt embedding the slab.

scholarly journals URBAN SPRAWL IN SMALL CITIES, ANALYSIS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SÃO PEDRO (SP): POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINS

2013 ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Carrara Fracassi ◽  
José Augusto Lollo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Natural Factors

Urban sprawl in small cities has led to the occupation of unsuitable areas, resulting in peripheralization and in the occupation of fragile environments. In these occupations, the physical characteristics of the environment are often disrespected. In this context, the present article reports on a case study in the municipality of São Pedro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, which presents and discuss a set of natural factors (geological and geomorphological) conditioning the occurrence of erosion and gravitational mass movements, which are limiting factors for urban sprawl. The methodology employed in this study was based on field work, bibliographic research, and data collection, analysis and GIS-based systematization, which allowed for a spatial reading of the urban sprawl to indicate, from different perspectives, how the phenomenon is manifested. Thus, it was possible to draw up a chart highlighting the areas with the greatest potential for occupation and those with restrictions due to their greater susceptibility to erosion and mass movements. The main identified natural factors of restriction were steepness and soil conditions and law enforced restrictions (environmental protection areas).

Methodology for assessment of public health preparedness and response synergies between institutional authorities and the community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. de Vries ◽  
John Kinsman ◽  
Judit Takacs ◽  
Svetla Tsolova ◽  
Massimo Ciotti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Rich Data

Abstract Background: This paper describes a participatory methodology that supports investigation of the collaboration between communities affected by infectious disease outbreak events and relevant official institutions. The core principle underlying the methodology is the recognition that synergistic relationships, characterised by mutual trust and respect, between affected communities and official institutions provide the most effective means of addressing outbreak situations. Methods: The methodological approach and lessons learned were derived from four qualitative case studies including (i) two tick-borne disease events: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Spain, and tick-borne encephalitis in the Netherlands (2016); and (ii) two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (norovirus in Iceland, 2017, and verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli [VTEC] in Ireland, 2018). These studies were conducted in collaboration with the respective national public health authorities in the affected countries by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Results: An after-event qualitative case study approach was taken using mixed methods. Lessons highlight the critical importance of collaborating with national focal points during preparation and planning, and interviewer reflexivity during fieldwork. Field work for each case study was conducted over one working week, which although limiting the number of individuals and institutions involved, still allowed for rich data collection due to the close collaboration with local authorities. The analysis focused on the specific actions undertaken by the participating countries’ public health and other authorities in relation to community engagement, as well as the view from the perspective of the community. Conclusions: The overall objective of the assessment to identify synergies between institutional decision-making bodies and community actors and networks before, during and after an outbreak response to a given public health emergency. The methodology is generic and could be applied to a range of public health emergencies, zoonotic or otherwise. The methodology emphasises reflexivity among fieldworkers, a relatively short time needed for data collection, potential generalisability of findings, insider-outsider perspectives, politically sensitive findings, and how to deal with ethical and language issues.

scholarly journals Age and Depositional Environment of Miocene and Pliocene Rocks in Jackson Hole (Teton County), Wyoming

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Anthony Barnosky
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Jackson Hole

Field work in 1982 completed the data collection for a 3-year project to study the Neogene geology and mammlian paleontology of Jackson Hole. The primary objectives are to more precisely determine the age of Miocene and Pliocene rocks in the area, and to clarify the depositional environment of the Miocene Colter Formation (Barnosky, 1980, 1981).

scholarly journals PERAN LIRIK LAGU DALAM MENINGKATAN KOMUNIKASI VERBAL PADA ANAK AUTISTIK DI SEKOLAH BINA ANGGITA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Zefanya Lintang Nugrahaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Children's Songs

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan komunikasi verbal pada anak autistik dengan menggunakan lirik pada lagu anak-anak, karena diharapkan dapat mempebanyak kosakata pada anak autistik sehingga kemampuan bekomunikasi secara verbal bagi anak autistik meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan didukung dengan studi pustaka guna memberikan informasi-informasi secara lengkap tentang penelitian ini. Ada 4 tahapan yaitu: Tahapan pra-lapangan, Tahap Pekerjaan lapangan, dan Tahapan Hasil Pengumpulan Data. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa autistik di sekolah Bina Anggita Yogyakarta berjumlah 5 siswa. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pedoman observasi dan sebelumnya peneliti melakukan studi pustaka terlebih dahulu. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran lirik dalam lagu Balonku dan Pelangi-Pelangi dapat meningkatkan bahasa verbal anak autistik. Anak autistik terstimulus untuk menyanyi bersama saat dilibatkan untuk benyanyi bersama-sama.This study aims to improve verbal communication in autistic children by using lyrics on children's songs. Due to the expected increase in verbal skills for autistic children. This research is a qualitative research with case study approach and supported by literature study to provide complete information about this research. There are 4 stages: Preliminary Stage, Field Work Stage, and Data Collection Stages. Research subjects were autistic students in Bina Anggita Yogyakarta school amounted to 5 students. Data collection used in this research is using observation guideline and previous researcher do literature study first. Data analysis in this study using descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the role of lyrics in the song Balonku and Pelangi-Pelangi can improve the verbal language of autistic children. Autistic children are stimulated to sing together when involved to sing together.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Character Education in Kalimantan, Indonesia: Multi Site Studies

DINAMIKA ILMU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iwan Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Teachers And Students

This research was inspired by some of the realities that the author found related to the implementation of character education, especially in several regencies/cities in East Kalimantan. Apart from the author’s concern toward the case of the moral decadence of the nation's children, this should be a demand and obligation for every educator to form the character of his students. Therefore, various models and innovations began to be developed by educational units led by creative teachers starting to package character-based learning designs and innovations. This research focuses on character models developed by the school. This research is a field work research that focuses on multi-site studies. Sources of data in this study include: teachers and students in several schools are the focus of research. The research locus is spread in several regions, namely: Tarakan, Bulungan, East Kutai and Bontang. The data collection techniques that the author uses in this study include: observations, interviews and documentations. Furthermore, the findings of the research data were processed using Milles and Hubberman's interactive analysis using the data reduction flow , data display and data conclusions . Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the character values developed include: religious values, creative, independent and responsible, the spirit of nationality and love for the motherland, tolerance, communication and love the environment.

scholarly journals Geochemical Data and Fluid Inclusion Study of the Middle Miocene Halite from Deep Borehole Huwniki-1, Situated in the Inner Zone of the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bukowski ◽  
Anatoliy Galamay ◽  
Piotr Krzywiec ◽  
Andrzej Maksym
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Study ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Orogenic Wedge ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
Salinity Water

The geochemical data and the study of fluid inclusions in primary halite are invaluable sources of saline basin information. Most of the previous analyses of salt from the Carpathian area have been obtained by studying the halite samples collected from depths not exceeding 1000 m (i.e., from salt mine outcrops or boreholes). In this article, for the first time, we present the results of samples obtained from a deep well where salt occurs below the frontal orogenic wedge at a depth of ~5000 m. The salt core’s petrological studies showed, quite unexpectedly, the presence of the chevron relics, typical for primary halite. Their geochemical data and fluid inclusion study can be used to reconstruct the environment of the salt sedimentation. The bromine, strontium, and rubidium content values indicated that primary brines were of marine origin, and salts may have undergone partial dissolution and redeposition under lower salinity water inflows. The main ions’ (K, Mg, SO4) ratios in the fluid inclusions were typical for those of the Badenian brines collected from the Carpathian Foredeep’s eastern part. Compared with modern seawater’s chemical composition, this brine contained a slightly lower content of sulfate ions. This was associated with evolutionary changes occurring in the contents of sulfate ions during the Cenozoic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document