scholarly journals Modelling satellite-derived magma discharge to explain caldera collapse

Geology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Coppola ◽  
M. Ripepe ◽  
M. Laiolo ◽  
C. Cigolini
Keyword(s):  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Magma Discharge

Dynamics of large effusive eruptions driven by caldera collapse

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 592 (7854) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
Alberto Roman ◽  
Paul Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Effusive Eruptions

Steady-state magma discharge at Etna 1971–81 (reply)

Nature ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 301 (5896) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
G. WADGE ◽  
J. E. GUEST
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Magma Discharge

scholarly journals How caldera collapse shapes the shallow emplacement and transfer of magma in active volcanoes

2015 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Corbi ◽  
E. Rivalta ◽  
V. Pinel ◽  
F. Maccaferri ◽  
M. Bagnardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Active Volcanoes

scholarly journals Volcanic precursors in light of eruption mechanisms at Vesuvius

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Scandone ◽  
Lisetta Giacomelli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Condition ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Strombolian Eruptions ◽  
Explosive Phase ◽  
The One ◽  
Effusive Eruptions ◽  
Quiescent Stage ◽  
Violent Strombolian Eruptions

<p>Vesuvius entered a quiescent stage after the eruption of March-April 1944. The eruption was not much different or larger than other before, like for example the one of 1906, but it occurred at the end of a long period during which it was observed a decreasing trend of explosivity of eruptions [Scandone et al. 2008]. The parallel increase in the frequency of slow effusive eruptions, with respect to violent strombolian eruptions, point out to a process of average slower rate of magma ascent possibly due to a progressive sealing of the ascent path of magma to the surface. The small caldera collapse following the 1944 explosive phase effectively sealed the upper conduit, and since then the volcano entered a quiescence stage that was unusual with respect to the pattern of activity of the previous 300 years when the maximum repose time had been of 7 years (after the eruption of 1906). Most of the uncertainty on the duration of the present stage and character of a future renewal of activity derives by the basic questions regarding the nature of the current repose: due to a diminished supply of magma, related with structural condition or a sealing of the upper ascent path to the surface? Possibly the variation of structural conditions caused average slower ascent rates of magma favoring its cooling in the upper part of the crust, and effectively sealing the ascent path.</p>

Epithermal Zeolite Alteration Associated with Siliceous Sinters, Hydrothermal Eruption Breccias, and Gold-Silver Mineralization, Central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Brathwaite ◽  
Andrew J. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Taupo Volcanic Zone ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Volcanic Zone ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Hydrothermal Eruption ◽  
Gold Silver

Abstract In the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, extensive zeolite (mordenite ± clinoptilolite) alteration occurs in late Quaternary rhyolitic vitric tuffs that were deposited in a lake formed by caldera collapse following the ~290 Ka Ohakuri ignimbrite eruptions. Glass shards in lacustrine vitric tuffs of the Ngakuru Formation and in the underlying Ohakuri Formation ignimbrite are replaced by mordenite ± clinoptilolite, along with hydrothermal adularia, opal-A, opal-CT, and cristobalite. This mineral assemblage is also found in the outer alteration zones of the nearby Ohakuri and Tahunaatara epithermal gold prospects. Evaluation of whole-rock chemical analyses indicates that the zeolitized vitric tuffs show a slight gain in K, and Na, Ca loss relative to unaltered Ohakuri Formation pumice, which is reflected in the presence of hydrothermal adularia in the alteration assemblage. The mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration is associated with siliceous sinters and hydrothermal eruption breccias that were formed in recently active (39–1.5 Ka) geothermal systems. By analogy with geothermal systems elsewhere in the Taupo Volcanic Zone at Wairakei and Ohaaki, the mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration was formed from dilute alkali-chloride aqueous liquid at 60° to 150°C. Based on the close association of the mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration with siliceous sinters and hydrothermal eruption breccias in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, it is classified as shallow, low-temperature, epithermal alteration. Mordenite ± clinoptilolite alteration has also been identified in Quaternary rhyolitic caldera settings in Japan and the United States, where it is termed “caldera-type zeolitization.” In exploration for epithermal Au-Ag deposits in rifted arc settings, such alteration may be overlooked, given its subtle appearance and distal location relative to veins that mark upflow areas.

The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 363 (6425) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Neal ◽  
S. R. Brantley ◽  
L. Antolik ◽  
J. L. Babb ◽  
M. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Zone ◽  
Kilauea Volcano ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Kīlauea Volcano ◽  
Historical Observation ◽  
Magma System ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Earthquake Moment ◽  
Eruptive Fissures

In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (Mw) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent toMw4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent—about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.

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