The Kalkarindji continental flood basalt province: A new Cambrian large igneous province in Australia with possible links to faunal extinctions

Geology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M Glass ◽  
David Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Continental Flood Basalt ◽  
Igneous Province

scholarly journals Longevity of the Permian Emeishan mantle plume (SW China): 1 Ma, 8 Ma or 18 Ma?

2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GREGORY SHELLNUTT ◽  
MEI-FU ZHOU ◽  
DAN-PING YAN ◽  
YANBIN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Ocean Island Basalts ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Emeishan Mantle Plume ◽  
Decompressional Melting ◽  
Shrimp Zircon

AbstractAfter the formation of the ~ 260 Ma Emeishan large igneous province, there were two volumetrically minor magmatic pulses at ~ 252 Ma and ~ 242 Ma, respectively. Alkaline mafic dykes intruding both 260 Ma and 252 Ma felsic plutons in the Panxi region, southwestern China, have compositions similar to the Emeishan flood basalts. One dyke is dated using the SHRIMP zircon U–Pb technique at 242 ± 2 Ma, ~ 18 Ma younger than the start of Emeishan magmatism. The dykes have enriched light rare earth element patterns (La/YbN = 4.4–18.8) and trace element patterns similar to the Emeishan flood basalts and average ocean-island basalts. Some trace element ratios of the dykes (Zr/Nb = 3.8–8.2, La/Nb = 0.4–1.7, Ba/La = 7.5–25.6) are somewhat similar to EM1 source material, however, there are differences. Their εNd values (εNd = +2.6 and +2.7) andISr (ISr = 0.704542 and 0.704554) ratios are indicative of a mantle source. Thus Emeishan magmatism may have lasted for almost 20 Ma after the initial eruption. However, geological evidence precludes the possibility that the post-260 Ma magmatic events were directly related to Emeishan magmatism, which began at and ended shortly after 260 Ma. The 252 Ma plutons and 242 Ma dykes represent volumetrically minor melting of the fossil Emeishan plume-head beneath the Yangtze crust. The 252 Ma magmatic event was likely caused by post-flood basalt extension of the Yangtze crust, whereas the 242 Ma event was caused by decompressional melting associated with the collision between the South China and North China blocks during the Middle Triassic.

Erratum to “Flood basalt-related Fe–Ti oxide deposits in the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China” [Lithos 119 (2010) 123–136]

Lithos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 162-163 ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Kwan-Nang Pang ◽  
Mei-Fu Zhou ◽  
Liang Qi ◽  
Gregory Shellnutt ◽  
Christina Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Emeishan Large Igneous Province ◽  
Igneous Province

Initial Cenozoic Magmatic Activity in East Africa: New Geochemical Constraints on Magma Distribution within the Eocene Continental Flood Basalt Province

2021 ◽  
pp. SP518-2020-262
Author(s):  
R. Alex Steiner ◽  
Tyrone O. Rooney ◽  
Guillaume Girard ◽  
Nick Rogers ◽  
Cynthia Ebinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Velocity ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
East African ◽  
Continental Flood Basalt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
African Rift

AbstractThe initial interaction between material rising from the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province and the African lithosphere manifests as the Eocene continental large igneous province (LIP), centered on southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Here we present a geographically well-distributed geochemical dataset comprising the flood basalt lavas of the Eocene continental LIP to refine the regional volcano-stratigraphy into three distinct magmatic units: (1) the highly-alkaline small-volume Akobo Basalts (49.4–46.6 Ma), representing the initial phase of flood basalt volcanism derived from the melting of lithospheric-mantle metasomes, (2) the primitive and spatially restricted Amaro Basalts (45.2–39.58 Ma) representing the early main phase of flood basalt volcanism derived from the melting of the upwelling thermochemical anomaly, and (3) the spatially extensive Gamo-Makonnen magmatic unit (38-28 Ma) representing the mature main phase of flood basalt volcanism that has undergone significant processing within the lithosphere resulting in relatively homogeneous compositions. The focused intrusion of these main phase magmas over 10 m.y. preconditioned the African lithosphere for the localization of strain during subsequent episodes of lithospheric stretching. The focusing of strain into the region occupied by this continental LIP may have contributed to the initial extension in SW Ethiopia associated with the East African Rift.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5557626

A link between rift-related volcanism and end-Ediacaran extinction? Integrated chemostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and U-Pb geochronology from Sonora, Mexico

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eben B. Hodgin ◽  
Lyle L. Nelson ◽  
Corey J. Wall ◽  
Arturo J. Barrón-Díaz ◽  
Lucy C. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Carbon Isotope Excursion ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Thermal Ionization Mass ◽  
Depositional Age

We present chemostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology from a succession that spans the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in Sonora, Mexico. A sandy hematite-rich dolostone bed, which occurs 20 m above carbonates that record the nadir of the basal Cambrian carbon isotope excursion within the La Ciénega Formation, yielded a maximum depositional age of 539.40 ± 0.23 Ma using U-Pb chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry on a population of sharply faceted volcanic zircon crystals. This bed, interpreted to contain reworked tuffaceous material, is above the last occurrences of late Ediacaran body fossils and below the first occurrence of the Cambrian trace fossil Treptichnus pedum, and so the age calibrates key markers of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary. The temporal coincidence of rift-related flood basalt volcanism in southern Laurentia (>250,000 km3 of basalt), a negative carbon isotope excursion, and biological turnover is consistent with a mechanistic link between the eruption of a large igneous province and end-Ediacaran extinction.

scholarly journals Deep open storage and shallow closed transport system for a continental flood basalt sequence revealed with Magma Chamber Simulator

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi S. Heinonen ◽  
Arto V. Luttinen ◽  
Frank J. Spera ◽  
Wendy A. Bohrson
Keyword(s):  
Magma Chamber ◽  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Continental Flood Basalt ◽  
Crack Network ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
History Of

Abstract The Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS) quantitatively models the phase equilibria, mineral chemistry, major and trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in a multicomponent–multiphase magma + wallrock + recharge system by minimization or maximization of the appropriate thermodynamic potential for the given process. In this study, we utilize MCS to decipher the differentiation history of a continental flood basalt sequence from the Antarctic portion of the ~ 180 Ma Karoo large igneous province. Typical of many flood basalts, this suite exhibits geochemical evidence (e.g., negative initial εNd) of interaction with crustal materials. We show that isobaric assimilation-fractional crystallization models fail to produce the observed lava compositions. Instead, we propose two main stages of differentiation: (1) the primitive magmas assimilated Archean crust at depths of ~ 10‒30 km (pressures of 300–700 MPa), while crystallizing olivine and orthopyroxene; (2) subsequent fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase took place at lower pressures in upper crustal feeder systems without significant additional assimilation. Such a scenario is corroborated with additional thermophysical considerations of magma transport via a crack network. The proposed two-stage model may be widely applicable to flood basalt plumbing systems: assimilation is more probable in magmas pooled in hotter crust at depth where the formation of wallrock partial melts is more likely compared to rapid passage of magma through shallower fractures next to colder wallrock.

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