scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the sedimentary architecture of eolian successions developed under icehouse and greenhouse climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace I.E. Cosgrove ◽  
Luca Colombera ◽  
Nigel P. Mountney
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Sedimentary Architecture ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Bounding Surfaces ◽  
The Impact

The continental terrestrial record preserves an archive of how ancient sedimentary systems respond to and record changes in global climate. A database-driven quantitative assessment reveals differences in the preserved sedimentary architectures of siliciclastic eolian systems with broad geographic and stratigraphic distribution that developed under icehouse versus greenhouse climatic conditions. Over 5600 geological entities, including architectural elements, facies, sediment textures, and bounding surfaces, have been analyzed from 34 eolian systems of Paleoproterozoic to Cenozoic ages. Statistical analyses have been performed on the abundance, composition, preserved thickness, and arrangement of different eolian lithofacies, architectural elements, and bounding surfaces. Results demonstrate that preserved sedimentary architectures of icehouse and greenhouse systems differ markedly. Eolian dune, sand sheet, and interdune architectural elements that accumulated under icehouse conditions are significantly thinner relative to their greenhouse counterparts; this is observed across all basin settings, supercontinents, geological ages, and dune field physiographic settings. However, this difference between icehouse and greenhouse eolian systems is exclusively observed for paleolatitudes <30°, which suggests that climate-induced changes in the strength and circulation patterns of trade winds may have partly controlled eolian sand accumulation. These changes acted in combination with variations in water table levels, sand supply, and sand transport, ultimately influencing the nature of long-term sediment preservation. During icehouse episodes, Milankovitch cyclicity resulted in deposits typified by glacial accumulation and interglacial deflation. Greenhouse conditions promoted the accumulation of eolian elements into the geological record due to elevated water tables and biogenic- and chemical-stabilizing agents, which could protect deposits from wind-driven deflation. In the context of a rapidly changing climate, the results presented here can help predict the impact of climate change on Earth surface processes.

scholarly journals Chronology of Lake El'gygytgyn sediments – a combined magnetostratigraphic, palaeoclimatic and orbital tuning study based on multi-parameter analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2413-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Nowaczyk ◽  
E. M. Haltia ◽  
D. Ulbricht ◽  
V. Wennrich ◽  
M. A. Sauerbrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Orbital Tuning ◽  
Lake Floor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A 318-metre-long sedimentary profile drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) at Site 5011-1 in Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, has been analysed for its sedimentologic response to global climate modes by chronostratigraphic methods. The 12 km wide lake is sited off-centre in an 18 km large crater that was created by the impact of a meteorite 3.58 Ma ago. Since then sediments have been continuously deposited. For establishing their chronology, major reversals of the earth's magnetic field provided initial tie points for the age model, confirming that the impact occurred in the earliest geomagnetic Gauss chron. Various stratigraphic parameters, reflecting redox conditions at the lake floor and climatic conditions in the catchment were tuned synchronously to Northern Hemisphere insolation variations and the marine oxygen isotope stack, respectively. Thus, a robust age model comprising more than 600 tie points could be defined. It could be shown that deposition of sediments in Lake El'gygytgyn occurred in concert with global climatic cycles. The upper ~160 m of sediments represent the past 3.3 Ma, equivalent to sedimentation rates of 4 to 5 cm ka−1, whereas the lower 160 m represent just the first 0.3 Ma after the impact, equivalent to sedimentation rates in the order of 45 cm ka−1. This study also provides orbitally tuned ages for a total of 8 tephras deposited in Lake El'gygytgyn.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of stomatal and photosynthetic features of four Picea species in two contrasting common gardens

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hao Wang ◽  
Jing Ru Wang ◽  
Xiao Wei Zhang ◽  
Ai Ping Zhang ◽  
Shan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Picea Species ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global climate change is expected to affect mountain ecosystems significantly. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of any genotype to produce a variety of phenotypes under different environmental conditions, is critical in determining the ability of species to acclimate to current climatic changes. Here, to simulate the impact of climate change, we compared the physiology of species of the genus Picea from different provenances and climatic conditions and quantified their phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) in two contrasting common gardens (dry vs. wet), and then considered phenotypic plastic effects on their future adaptation. The mean PPI of the photosynthetic features studied was higher than that of the stomatal features. Species grown in the arid and humid common gardens were differentiated: the stomatal length (SL) and width (SW) on the adaxial surface, the transpiration rate (Tr) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were more highly correlated with rainfall than other traits. There were no significant relationships between the observed plasticity and the species’ original habitat, except in P. crassifolia (from an arid habitat) and P. asperata (from a humid habitat). Picea crassifolia exhibited enhanced instantaneous efficiency of water use (PPI = 0.52) and the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration (PPI = 0.10) remained constant; this species was, therefore, considered to the one best able to acclimate when faced with the effects of climate change. The other three species exhibited reduced physiological activity when exposed to water limitation. These findings indicate how climate change affects the potential roles of plasticity in determining plant physiology, and provide a basis for future reforestation efforts in China.

Breeding strategies in a changing climate and implications for biodiversity

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
J. A. Loo-Dinkins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Most global climate models predict a rapid increase in temperature over the next few decades as a result of elevated levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Although the resolution of the existing models is not sufficient to predict specific weather patterns for the Maritimes region, the predicted rate of change is such that forest tree populations will be unable to adapt fully to future conditions. If conventional rotation lengths are planned, presently adapted seedlings will be poorly adapted to the new conditions by the time of harvest. A three-pronged approach is proposed to mitigate the impact of climate change in the Maritimes: development of short rotation clonal forestry, testing and breeding for stability of genotypes over a range of climatic conditions, and collection, storage, and testing of native and non-native materials of potential value.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of climate change on the productivity of millet in the central part of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N. V. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is a change of climatic conditions in the global atmosphere and on the Earth in general (or within its individual zones or territories) caused directly or indirectly due by the human activity on the planet, which are overlaid on the natural climatic variations (fluctuations) and ob-served during comparable periods of time.    Both the climate of Ukraine and the global climate are changing, but warming within our terri-tory progresses even faster than in other regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Ukraine in general and southern regions in particular are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change – droughts, extremely high temperatures, inefficient precipitation, reduced irrigated area cause of precipitation amount and regime, severer and more long-lasting droughts, reduced water availability. The majority of arable land in Ukraine are located in zones of unstable and insufficient humidity, it is quite possible that for plant growing, especially for growing winter crops and early spring crops, climate change will rather have a positive effect than negative one. Among the main types of cereals millet is the most common one. It is valuable for its groats, which is known by its high eating quality. Millet as a fast-growing crop having a certain agrotechnical importance: it is used as a backup crop for re-sowing dead winter crops and is suitable for stubble and post-harvest sowing, it also can be used as a cover culture for perennial grass. Millet is one of the most drought-resistant and heat-resistant crops. It is able to withstand heat injuries which is very important in arid areas and during dry years, when other grain crops have reduced yield. Millet suffers less from pests and diseases than other crops. The task was to evaluate the agro-climatic conditions of millet crops formation in the central part of Ukraine under conditions of climate change. The study of the impact of climate change on the formation of millet productivity for different time intervals was performed by comparing the data of the RCP scenario and the average long-term climatic and agro-climatic parameters. The in-fluence of agroclimatic conditions on the dynamics of increase of agroecological yield of different levels is also assessed.

scholarly journals Chronology of Lake El'gygytgyn sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3061-3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Nowaczyk ◽  
E. M. Haltia ◽  
D. Ulbricht ◽  
V. Wennrich ◽  
M. A. Sauerbrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Lake Floor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A 318 m long sedimentary profile drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) at Site 5011-1 in Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, has been analysed for its sedimentologic response to global climate modes by chrono-stratigraphic methods. The 12 km wide lake is sited in an 18 km large crater that was created by the impact of a meteorite 3.58 Ma ago. Since then sediments have been continuously deposited. For establishing their chronology, major reversals of the Earth's magnetic field provided initial tie points for the age model, confirming that the impact occurred in the earliest Gauss chron. Various stratigraphic parameters, reflecting redox conditions at the lake floor and climatic conditions in the catchment were tuned synchronously to Northern Hemisphere insolation variations and the marine oxygen isotope stack, respectively. Thus, a robust age model comprising more than 600 tie points could be defined. It could be shown that deposition of sediments in Lake El'gygytgyn occurred in concert with global climatic cycles. The upper ~160 m of sediments represent the past 3.3 Ma, equivalent to sedimentation rates of 4 to 5 cm ka−1, whereas the lower 160 m represent just the first 0.3 Ma after the impact, equivalent to sedimentation rates in the order of 45 cm ka−1.

scholarly journals Planting Season Impacts Sugarcane Stem Development, Secondary Metabolite Levels, and Natural Antisense Transcription

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3451
Author(s):  
Maryke Wijma ◽  
Carolina Gimiliani Lembke ◽  
Augusto Lima Diniz ◽  
Luciane Santini ◽  
Leonardo Zambotti-Villela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Promising Source

To reduce the potentially irreversible environmental impacts caused by fossil fuels, the use of renewable energy sources must be increased on a global scale. One promising source of biomass and bioenergy is sugarcane. The study of this crop’s development in different planting seasons can aid in successfully cultivating it in global climate change scenarios. The sugarcane variety SP80-3280 was field grown under two planting seasons with different climatic conditions. A systems biology approach was taken to study the changes on physiological, morphological, agrotechnological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics levels in the leaf +1, and immature, intermediate and mature internodes. Most of the variation found within the transcriptomics and metabolomics profiles is attributed to the differences among the distinct tissues. However, the integration of both transcriptomics and metabolomics data highlighted three main metabolic categories as the principal sources of variation across tissues: amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. Differences in ripening and metabolite levels mainly in leaves and mature internodes may reflect the impact of contrasting environmental conditions on sugarcane development. In general, the same metabolites are found in mature internodes from both “one-year” and “one-and-a-half-year sugarcane”, however, some metabolites (i.e., phenylpropanoids with economic value) and natural antisense transcript expression are only detected in the leaves of “one-year” sugarcane.

scholarly journals Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Natalia Kowalska ◽  
Manuel Acosta ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Irena Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. This study investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous stands (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous stand (European beech at Štítná). Our results show that the annual net ecosystem CO2 uptake at Rajec decreased by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. The Bílý Kříž stand is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts — there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. We consider the matching of tree species to site conditions as crucial in the context of CSF, specifically regarding the stand response to water limitation and water supply and demand. Successively replacing spruce with beech trees in areas with high water demand but limited water supply, like Rajec, will support the goals of CSF.

Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Natalia Kowalska ◽  
Manuel Acosta ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Irena Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

<p>Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. This study investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous (European beech at Štítná) stand. Our results show annual net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> uptake at Rajec to be reduced by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. Bílý Kříž is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts: there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. We consider the matching of tree species to site conditions as crucial in the context of CSF, specifically regarding the stand response to water limitation and water supply and demand. Successively replacing spruce with beech trees in areas with high water demand but limited water supply, like Rajec, will support the goals of CSF.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of global climate change on air pollution in urbanized areas and spread of COVID-19 morbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Olena Voloshkina ◽  
Tetyana Shabliy ◽  
Volodymyr Trofimovich ◽  
Volodymyr Efimenko ◽  
Artem Goncharenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to confirm for the conditions of Ukraine the hypothesis of a number of foreign authors on the relationship between the presence of air pollution by aerosol particles in urban areas and the number of patients with COVID-19. On the example of the main large cities of Ukraine the analysis between temperature factors, dust pollution of the atmospheric phenomena and processes of distribution of morbidity of the population on COVID-19 is made. The linear dependences in the logical coordinates between nature are obtained due to the confirmation of the cases of morbidity and the index of aerosol pollution of the atmospheric air of urban areas by solid private particles PM2.5 (AQIPM2.5). The correlation coefficients of the obtained dependences are in the range of 0.65–0.91. These data suggest the possibility of unification of data for the country for different climatic zones to assess and predict the incidence of population depending on air pollution in urban areas and climatic conditions, and may be promising in the future to find ways to reduce the impact of aerosols in the air on the human body and the purpose of finer cleaning in production processes and air exchange technologies in modern buildings and structures. According to the authors, there is a need for further research on the impact of humidity and the impact of the percentage distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols in the air of urban areas. Such studies will further make more accurate predictions about the impact of air pollution on human health in the context of global climate change.

Impact of roof shading on building energy performance in warm & humid climatic places of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

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