Organic carbon isotopes in terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary sections of North China: Implications for global carbon cycle perturbations

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyang Wu ◽  
Jinnan Tong ◽  
Thomas J. Algeo ◽  
Daoliang Chu ◽  
Ying Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
North China ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract The end-Permian mass extinction (ca. 252 Ma) represents the most severe biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic, and it was accompanied by profound environmental perturbations, especially to the global carbon cycle, as indicated by sharp negative carbon isotope excursions (CIE) in both carbonates (δ13Ccarb) and organic matter (δ13Corg). To date, carbon isotope records are mostly from marine Permian-Triassic transitional sequences with relatively few high-resolution carbon isotope profiles having been generated for terrestrial facies. Terrestrial Permian-Triassic sequences suitable for high-resolution carbon isotope study are rare globally and are difficult to correlate with better-studied marine sequences. However, carbon isotope records from continental facies are essential to a full understanding of global carbon cycle changes during the Permian-Triassic transition. Here, we present bulk δ13Corg profiles for three terrestrial sections in North China representing Permian-Triassic transitional beds. These profiles exhibit similar patterns of secular variation defining three stages: (1) a pre-CIE interval, (2) a CIE interval, characterized by a rapid negative shift of 1.7‰–2.2‰ within the middle part of the Sunjiagou Formation, and (3) a post-CIE interval. The similarity of the CIE in all three study sections facilitates correlations among them, and its presence in the Permian-Triassic transitional beds suggests that it is equivalent to the negative CIE at the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan global stratotype section and point (GSSP) and in coeval marine and terrestrial sections globally. The end-Permian CIE was probably triggered by a massive release of 13C-depleted carbon from volcanogenic sources leading to elevated atmospheric pCO2, although oceanic sources of CO2 cannot be ruled out at present.

scholarly journals Delayed recovery of non-marine tetrapods after the end-Permian mass extinction tracks global carbon cycle

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1732) ◽  
pp. 1310-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall B. Irmis ◽  
Jessica H. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Delayed Recovery ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Global Carbon

During the end-Permian mass extinction, marine ecosystems suffered a major drop in diversity, which was maintained throughout the Early Triassic until delayed recovery during the Middle Triassic. This depressed diversity in the Early Triassic correlates with multiple major perturbations to the global carbon cycle, interpreted as either intrinsic ecosystem or external palaeoenvironmental effects. In contrast, the terrestrial record of extinction and recovery is less clear; the effects and magnitude of the end-Permian extinction on non-marine vertebrates are particularly controversial. We use specimen-level data from southern Africa and Russia to investigate the palaeodiversity dynamics of non-marine tetrapods across the Permo-Triassic boundary by analysing sample-standardized generic richness, evenness and relative abundance. In addition, we investigate the potential effects of sampling, geological and taxonomic biases on these data. Our analyses demonstrate that non-marine tetrapods were severely affected by the end-Permian mass extinction, and that these assemblages did not begin to recover until the Middle Triassic. These data are congruent with those from land plants and marine invertebrates. Furthermore, they are consistent with the idea that unstable low-diversity post-extinction ecosystems were subject to boom–bust cycles, reflected in multiple Early Triassic perturbations of the carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian–Triassic boundary section

Fossil Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Gliwa ◽  
Abbas Ghaderi ◽  
Lucyna Leda ◽  
Martin Schobben ◽  
Sara Tomás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Permian Extinction ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Abstract. The Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Aras Valley in NW Iran is investigated with respect to carbonate microfacies, biostratigraphy (particularly conodonts, nautiloids, and ammonoids), chemostratigraphy (carbon isotopes), and environmental setting. Correlation of the data allows the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts (with four Wuchiapingian, 10 Changhsingian, and three Griesbachian zones), ammonoids (with nine Changhsingian zones), and carbon isotopes; it forms the base for the reconstruction of the environmental changes before and after the end-Permian extinction event at the studied locality. In the Aras Valley section, there is no evidence for the development of anoxic conditions, associated with the end-Permian mass extinction.

Recurrent global carbon cycle disturbances during the Aalenian: Evidence from France and Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Fantasia ◽  
Thierry Adatte ◽  
Jorge E. Spangenberg ◽  
Emanuela Mattioli ◽  
Enrique Bernárdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Oceanic Anoxic Event ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Resolution Dataset ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>The Jurassic was punctuated by several episodes of abrupt environmental changes associated with climatic instabilities, severe biotic crisis, and perturbations of the global carbon cycle. Over the last decades, the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic, ~183 Ma) and the early Bajocian Event (Middle Jurassic, ~170–168 Ma) have attracted much attention because they represent such episodes of global and severe environmental change. Bracketed in between the Toarcian and the Bajocian, the Aalenian stage (Middle Jurassic, ~174-170 Ma) has received less attention, although there is some evidence from Tethyan and Boreal records that it was a time of environmental changes marked by marine biotic turnovers. The lack of knowledge about the Aalenian palaeoenvironments leaves a gap in our understanding of the wider context of the Toarcian and Bajocian events and hence of environmental feedback mechanisms surrounding Mesozoic carbon cycle perturbations. In this study, we provide a high-resolution, biostratigraphically well-defined carbon isotope records (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>org </sub>and <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub>) combined to Rock-Eval data for the upper Toarcian–lower Bajocian interval from two expanded marl/limestone alternation successions from France (French Subalpine Basin) and Chile (Andean Basin). The comparison with available records from the Tethyan and Boreal domains highlights that medium-term <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C fluctuations are reproducible across different palaeoceanographic settings from both hemispheres and between different carbon substrates. The new high-resolution dataset highlights the complexity of the Aalenian <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C record, including previously identified <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C shifts and hitherto undescribed fluctuations. This study provides one of the most expanded high-resolution chemostratigraphic reference records for the entire Aalenian stage, and shows compelling evidence from both hemispheres that it was a time marked by recurrent perturbations to the global carbon cycle and environmental changes.</p><p> </p>

Secular variation in the global carbon cycle during the Mesozoic: a new composite carbonate δ13C reference curve calibrated to GTS2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>A new δ<sup>13</sup>C reference curve for the Mesozoic is presented. This has been constructed using in excess of 10,000 published analyses of bulk carbonate sediments extracted from published literature.  Available data from sections world-wide were compiled for each stage and the stratigraphic trends visually compared.  Data sets used to construct the composite reference curve were those offering patterns that are consistent with other sections and offer the highest stratigraphic resolution (close sample spacing), constrained by biostratigraphic first appearance (FAD) and last appearance datum (LAD) levels, magnetostratigraphy, radiometric dates and cyclostratigraphy.  Preference was given to time series that showed the least scatter.  Pelagic carbonates proved most suitable for these purposes but data from hemipelagic and shallow-water carbonate sections were included where necessary. </p><p>Age calibration was achieved using stage boundary ages, biostratigraphic FAD and LAD datums levels, and chron boundary ages derived from the new GTS2020 timescale.  Where possible, data from multiple authors and/or multiple stratigraphic sections were age-calibrated and interleaved to generate composite profiles for each time interval.  Data from individual stages were spliced together with offsets being avoided wherever possible; minor offsets in values were corrected where necessary to generate a continuous smooth time series.  The uneven geographical spread of published data and suitable lithofacies has resulted in source information being derived from different regions for different time intervals.  For example, the Early – Middle Triassic curve is constructed from eastern Paleotethys sections (South China), the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous curves principally from Tethyan areas of Europe and North Africa (Morocco, Portugal, southern France, Switzerland, northern Italy), and the Late Cretaceous curve from the Boreal Sea of northern Europe (England, Denmark).  The global significance of the resulting curves requires further testing.</p><p>The stratigraphic positions and recalibrated ages of positive and negative δ<sup>13</sup>C excursions that define carbon isotope events (CIEs) are presented.  These reflect major perturbation in the global carbon cycle.  Changes in the production and burial of organic matter on land and in the oceans, plus the balance between carbonate versus organic carbon deposition, are the principal mechanisms driving the observed long-term stratigraphic trends and short-term excursions.  These are linked to palaeogeographic and palaeoceanographic change, with climate and sea-level fluctuations driven by orbital forcing, tectonics, and volcanic events.  The emplacement of large igneous plateaus (LIPs) and associated volcanism likely played a major role in driving many of the palaeoenvironmental perturbations reflected in the carbon isotope stratigraphy. </p><p>The most prominent CIEs characterise the Early Triassic with amplitudes exceeding 5‰ δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb </sub>(VPDB), with other notable excursions in the mid-Carnian, mid-Norian and Rhaetian.  The Toarcian negative CIEs are the stand-out feature of the Jurassic, but multiple lower amplitude CIEs occur throughout, notably in the Hettangian, Bajocian Callovian and Oxfordian.  The most prominent Cretaceous CIEs in the Valanginian, Aptian and at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary are linked to Oceanic Anoxic Events.</p>

scholarly journals Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous Central Tethyan Permian–Triassic boundary section

Fossil Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Dieter Korn ◽  
Lucyna Leda ◽  
Franziska Heuer ◽  
Hemen Moradi Salimi ◽  
Elham Farshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
New Name ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Abstract. Permian–Triassic boundary sections at Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran) are investigated with respect to their lithological succession, biostratigraphy (particularly conodonts, nautiloids and ammonoids) as well as chemostratigraphy (carbon isotopes). The rock successions consist of the Late Permian Hambast Formation, the youngest Permian Baghuk Member (new name for the “Boundary Clay”) and the Early Triassic Claraia beds. Correlation of the data allows the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts with seven Changhsingian zones. Abundant ammonoids enable the separation of ammonoid assemblages with the successive Wuchiapingian genera Prototoceras, Pseudotoceras and Vedioceras, as well as the Changhsingian genera Shevyrevites, Paratirolites, Alibashites, Abichites and Arasella. Griesbachian and Dienerian ammonoids are usually poorly preserved. Nautiloids occur predominantly in the Wuchiapingian part of the section with two successive assemblages dominated by the Liroceratidae and Tainoceratidae, respectively. Numerous Early Triassic strata contain microbialites of various outer morphology and microstructure. The carbon isotope curve (δ13Ccarb) shows a continuous late Changhsingian negative excursion continuing across the Baghuk Member with the lightest values at the base of the Triassic.

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