EVIDENCE FOR A GIANT LANDSLIDE ON THE NORTHEASTERN FLANK OF HALEAKALA VOLCANO, ISLAND OF MAUI, HAWAII

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Bishop ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northeastern Flank ◽  
Giant Landslide

scholarly journals Landslide hypothesis for the origin of Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys, Hawaii

Geosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405-1421
Author(s):  
Kim M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Rift Zone ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Summit Crater ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fluvial Erosion ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Northeastern Flank ◽  
Valley Incision ◽  
Giant Landslide

Abstract Active Haleakala volcano on the island of Maui is the second largest volcano in the Hawaiian Island chain. Prominently incised in Haleakala's slopes are four large (great) valleys. Haleakala Crater, a prominent summit depression, formed by coalescence of two of the great valleys. The great valleys and summit crater have long been attributed solely to fluvial erosion, but two significant enigmas exist in the theory. First, the great valleys of upper Keanae/Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater, and Kaupo Gap are located in areas of relatively low annual rainfall. Second, the axes of some valley segments are oblique for long distances across the volcanic slopes. This study tested the prevailing erosional theory by reconstructing the volcano's topography just prior to valley incision. The reconstruction produces a belt along the volcano's east rift zone with a morphology that is inconsistent with volcanic aggradation alone, but it is readily explained if it is assumed the surface was displaced along scarps formed by a giant landslide on Haleakala's northeastern flank. Although the landslide head location is well defined, topographic evidence is lacking for the toe and lateral margins. Consequently, the slope failure is interpreted as a sackung-style landslide with a zone of deep-seated distributed shear and broad surface warping downslope of the failure head. Maximum downslope displacement was likely in the range of 400–800 m. Capture of runoff at the headscarps formed atypically large streams that carved Haleakala's great valleys and explains their existence in low-rainfall areas and their slope-oblique orientations. Sackung-style landslides may be more prevalent on Hawaiian volcanoes than previously recognized.

scholarly journals Seabed litter distribution in the high seas of the Flemish Pass area (NW Atlantic)

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ana García-Alegre ◽  
Esther Román-Marcote ◽  
Jesús Gago ◽  
Gonzalo González-Nuevo ◽  
Mar Sacau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Northeastern Flank ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

Seabed litter of the Flemish Pass area (NW Atlantic Ocean) was analysed and described using data from the EU-Spain groundfish survey (2006-2017 period). This study presents baseline information on seabed litter in this area. The Flemish Pass is located in areas beyond national jurisdiction within the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Regulatory Area Division 3L. A total of 1169 valid bottom trawl hauls were analysed (104-1478 m depth). Litter was found in 8.3% of the hauls, with mean densities of 1.4±0.2 items km–2 and 10.6±5.2 kg km–2. An increasing pattern with depth was found, the highest densities of seabed litter being identified in the deepest areas located in the Flemish Pass channel and down the northeastern flank of the Grand Bank. Fishing was found to be the main source of marine litter, and 61.9% of the hauls with litter presence showed litter included in the fisheries-related litter category. Whereas in most cases the litter was composed of small fragments of rope, in other cases it was composed of entire fishing gears such as traps. Plastics, metal and other anthropogenic litter were the next most abundant categories, accounting for 18.6%, 16.5% and 12.4% of the total, respectively.

Flow Behaviour of a Giant Landslide and Debris Flow Entering Agadir Canyon, NW Africa

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Krastel ◽  
Russell B. Wynn ◽  
Peter Feldens ◽  
Anke Schürer ◽  
Christoph Böttner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Giant Landslide

A giant landslide on the north flank of Tenerife, Canary Islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (B12) ◽  
pp. 24487-24498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Watts ◽  
D. G. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
Giant Landslide
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