scholarly journals Raman semi-quantification on Mars: ExoMars RLS system as a tool to better comprehend the geological evolution of Martian crust

Icarus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 114542
Author(s):  
Marco Veneranda ◽  
Jose Antonio Manrique-Martinez ◽  
Clara Garcia-Prieto ◽  
Aurelio Sanz-Arranz ◽  
Jesús Saiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geological Evolution

Geological evolution of the Guallatiri volcano, Arica y Parinacota Region, northern Chile

2020 ◽  
pp. 103117
Author(s):  
José Pablo Sepúlveda ◽  
Felipe Aguilera ◽  
Manuel Inostroza ◽  
María Paz Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Northern Chile ◽  
Geological Evolution

The Petrogenetic Model, an Extension of Bowen's Petrogenetic Grid

1962 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wyllie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pore Fluid ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Petrogenetic Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Opposite Face ◽  
Reaction Surfaces

AbstractBowen's petrogenetic grid is a PT projection containing univariant curves for decarbonation, dehydration, and solid-solid reactions, with vapour pressure (Pf) equal to total pressure (Ps). Analysis of experimental data in the system MgO–CO2–H2O leads to an expansion of this grid. Three of the important variables in metamorphism when Pf = Ps are P, T, and variation of the pore fluid composition between H2O and CO2. These can be illustrated in a three-dimensional petrogenetic model; one face is a PT plane for reactions occurring with pure H2O, and the opposite face is a similar plane for reactions with pure CO2; these are separated by an axis for pore fluid composition varying between H2O and CO2. Superposition of the PT faces of the model provides the petrogenetic grid. The reactions within the model are represented by divariant surfaces, which may meet along univariant lines. For dissociation reactions, the surfaces curve towards lower temperatures as the proportion of non-reacting volatile increases, and solid-solid reaction surfaces are parallel to the vapour composition axis and perpendicular to the PT axes. The relative temperatures of reactions and the lines of intersections of the surfaces can be illustrated in isobaric sections. Isobaric sections are used to illustrate reactions proceeding at constant pressure with (1) pore fluid composition remaining constant during the reaction, with temperature increasing (2) pore fluid composition changing during the reaction, with temperature increasing, and (3) pore fluid changing composition at constant temperature. The petrogenetic model provides a convenient framework for a wide range of experimental data.

The dire straits of Paratethys: Gateways to the anoxic giant of Eurasia

2021 ◽  
pp. SP523-2021-73
Author(s):  
D. V. Palcu ◽  
W. Krijgsman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tethys Ocean

AbstractA complex interplay of palaeoclimatic, eustatic and tectonic processes led to fragmentation and dissipation of the vast Tethys Ocean in Eocene-Oligocene times. The resulting Paratethys Sea occupied the northern Tethys region on Eurasia, grouping water masses of various subbasins, separated from each other and from the open ocean through narrow and shallow gateways and land bridges. Changes in marine gateway configuration and intra-basinal connectivity affected the regional hydrology, shifting most Paratethyan basins to extreme carbon-sink anoxic environments, anomalohaline evaporitic or brackish conditions or even endorheic lakes. Paratethys gateway restriction triggered the onset of a long-lasting (∼20 Myr) giant anoxic sea, characterised by stratified water masses and anoxic bottom water conditions, resulting in thick hydrocarbon source rocks. Here, we review the geological evolution of the “dire straits” of Paratethys that played a crucial role in the Eocene-Oligocene connectivity history of the Central Eurasian seas and we show that the main anoxic phases (Kuma and Maikop) correspond to restricted connectivity with the global ocean and a period of CO2 depletion in the atmosphere. Paratethys represents one of the largest carbon sinks of Earth's history and may thus have played a prominent role in global climate change.

Systematic Literature Review of the Natural Environment of the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, from a Conservation Perspective

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Zakharovskyi ◽  
Károly Németh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Silver Mineralization

This research presents a literature review of published scientific literature on the Coromandel Peninsula, a well-known region of the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It contains many biological, geological, and historical features and is well known for beautiful scenery, resulting from a volcanic rock-dominated terrestrial environment influenced by oceanic factors at the coast. All these factors have combined to make the Coromandel a popular tourism destination for New Zealanders and offshore visitors. In researching the current state of knowledge of the region, we searched three scientific databases to define the main ways of studying the region. The results demonstrated a high interest in biological and environmental factors, reflected in the type and scale of conservation measures applied to flora and fauna of the region. Additionally, specificity of geological evolution was a highly examined subject, in the context of hydrothermal alteration as related to gold and silver mineralization resulting in extensive exploration and mining. Meanwhile, indigenous cultural aspects of the land were not recognizable as expected within Western scientific literature, even though the region contains sites recognized as some of the earliest Māori habitations. Therefore, we suggest future studies to expand our understanding of scientific, cultural, and social aspects of the region as applied to the field of conservation in the region.

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