scholarly journals Genesis of the Neogene to Quaternary volcanism in the Carpathian-Pannonian region: Role of subduction, extension, and mantle plume

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Harangi ◽  
László Lenkey
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Quaternary Volcanism

Role of the deep mantle in generating the compositional asymmetry of the Hawaiian mantle plume

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Weis ◽  
Michael O. Garcia ◽  
J. Michael Rhodes ◽  
Mark Jellinek ◽  
James S. Scoates
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Deep Mantle

scholarly journals The role of a mantle plume in the formation of Yellowstone volcanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1132-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Leonard ◽  
Lijun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume

A Buoyant Eifel Mantle Plume Revealed by GPS-Derived Large-Scale 3D Surface Deformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corné Kreemer ◽  
Geoffrey Blewitt ◽  
Paul Davis
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Quaternary Volcanism ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Vertical Land Motion ◽  
Seismicity Rates

<p> The Eifel hotspot is one of the few known active continental hotspots. The evidence is based on volcanism as recent as 11ka and a seismic velocity anomaly that shows a plume-like feature downward to at least the upper transition zone. However, the volcanism lacks a clear space-time progression of activity, and evidence for surface deformation has been ambiguous. Here, we show that the greater area above the Eifel plume shows a distinct and significant surface deformation anomaly not seen anywhere else in intraplate Europe. We use GPS data of thousands of stations in western Europe to image contemporary vertical land motion (VLM) and horizontal strain rates. We show significant surface uplift rates with a maximum of ~1.0 mm/yr (after subtracting the broader-scale VLM predicted by glacial isostatic adjustment) roughly centered on the Eifel Volcanic Field, and above the mantle plume. The same area that uplifts also undergoes significant N-S-oriented extension of ~3 nanostrain/yr, and this area is surrounded by a radial pattern of shortening. River terrace data have revealed tectonic uplift of <span>~</span>150–250 m of the Eifel since 800 ka, when recent volcanism and uplift reactivated, which would imply an average VLM of <span>0.1</span>–<span>0.3 mm/yr </span>since that time. Our VLM results suggest that the uplift may have accelerated significantly since Quaternary volcanism commenced. <span>The remarkable superimposition of significant uplift, horizontal extension, and volcanism strongly suggests a causal relationship with the underlying mantle plume. We</span><span> model the plume buoyancy as a half-space vertical force applied to a bi-modal Gaussian areal distribution exerted on a plane at 50 km depth. </span><span>Our modelling shows a good regional fit to the long-wavelength aspects of the surface deformation by applying buoyancy forces related to the plume head at the bottom of the lithosphere. From our spatially integrated force and the first-order assumption that the plume has effectively been buoyant since 250 ka (to explain Quaternary uplift) or 800 ka (at today’s rate), we estimate that a 360 km high plume requires density reduction of 57-184 kg m</span><sup><span>-3</span></sup><span> (i.e., ~0.7-5.6% of a 3300 kg m</span><sup><span>-3</span></sup><span> dense reference mantle), which is consistent with observed seismic velocity reductions. Finally, we note that the highest extension rates are centred on the Lower Rhine Embayment (LRE), where intraplate seismicity rates are high, and where paleoseismic events increased since 800 ka. We suggest that the surface uplift imposed by the Eifel plume explains the relatively high activity rate on faults along the LRE, particularly since the N-S extension would promote failure on the NW-SE trending faults in the LRE.</span></p>

scholarly journals Genesis of high-Ni olivine phenocrysts of the Dali picrites in the Central Emeishan large igneous province

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wen-Chang Cai ◽  
Zhao-Chong Zhang ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
M. Santosh ◽  
Rong-Hao Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Emeishan Large Igneous Province ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mantle Potential Temperature

Abstract The Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) in SW China is considered to be a typical mantle-plume-derived LIP. The picrites formed at relatively high temperatures in the ELIP, providing one of the important lines of argument for the role of mantle plume. Here we report trace-element data on olivine phenocrysts in the Dali picrites from the ELIP. The olivines are Ni-rich, and characterized by high (>1.4) 100×Mn/Fe value and low (<13) 10 000×Zn/Fe value, indicating a peridotite-dominated source. Since the olivine–melt Ni partition coefficient (KDNiol/melt) will decrease at high temperatures and pressures, the picrites derived from peridotite melting at high pressure, and that crystallized olivines at lower pressure, can generate high concentrations of Ni in olivine phenocrysts, excluding the necessity of a metasomatic pyroxenite contribution. Based on the Al-in-olivine thermometer, olivine crystallization temperature and mantle potential temperature (TP) were calculated at c. 1491°C and c. 1559°C, respectively. Our results are c. 200°C higher than that of the normal asthenospheric mantle, and are consistent with the role of a mantle thermal plume for the ELIP.

Integrated geophysical-petrological modelling of the Eifel region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Wansing ◽  
Jörg Ebbing ◽  
Eva Bredow
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Quaternary Volcanism ◽  
Velocity Anomaly ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Eifel Region

&lt;p&gt;We present an integrated geophysical-petrological model of the Eifel region. The Eifel is a volcanic active region in West Germany that exhibits Tertiary as well as Quaternary volcanism. One suggestion for the source of this volcanism is a small-scale upper mantle plume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 3D model includes the crust and upper mantle and was generated by combined modelling of topography and the gravity field with constraints from seismology and geochemistry. In the best-fit model, the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is associated with a Phanerozoic-type composition, resulting in a depth of 80 km for the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath the Eifel and in comparison 110 - 130 km beneath the Paris basin. A Proterozoic-type composition in contrast results in a LAB depth of 120 km in the Eifel. While the model fits the geophysical observables and features a thin lithosphere, it does not lead to a plume-like structure and does not feature a seismic low-velocity anomaly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The measured low-velocity anomaly can be reproduced by introducing (1) an even thinner lithosphere or (2) a plume-like body above the thermal LAB with a composition based on data from Eifel xenoliths, which have a mainly basanitic composition. This additional structure results in a thermal anomaly and has an effect on the isostatic elevation of c. 360 m, but it does not result in a significant signal in the gravity anomalies. Further modelling showed how crustal intrusions could additionally mask the gravitational effect from such a small-scale upper mantle plume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The model does not conclusively explain the source of the Eifel volcanism, but the models and the calculation of synthetic dispersion curves help to assess the possibility to resolve a small-scale upper mantle plume with joint inversion in future analysis.&lt;/p&gt;

Evidence for the essential role of CO2 in the volcanism of the waning Caroline mantle plume

2020 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 391-407
Author(s):  
Guo-Liang Zhang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Ming-Jun Zhan ◽  
Zhi-Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Essential Role
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