scholarly journals A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Cronin ◽  
Wiley Barton ◽  
Peter Skuse ◽  
Nicholas C. Penney ◽  
Isabel Garcia-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Many components of modern living exert influence on the resident intestinal microbiota of humans with resultant impact on host health. For example, exercise-associated changes in the diversity, composition, and functional profiles of microbial populations in the gut have been described in cross-sectional studies of habitual athletes. However, this relationship is also affected by changes in diet, such as changes in dietary and supplementary protein consumption, that coincide with exercise. To determine whether increasing physical activity and/or increased protein intake modulates gut microbial composition and function, we prospectively challenged healthy but sedentary adults with a short-term exercise regime, with and without concurrent daily whey protein consumption. Metagenomics- and metabolomics-based assessments demonstrated modest changes in gut microbial composition and function following increases in physical activity. Significant changes in the diversity of the gut virome were evident in participants receiving daily whey protein supplementation. Results indicate that improved body composition with exercise is not dependent on major changes in the diversity of microbial populations in the gut. The diverse microbial characteristics previously observed in long-term habitual athletes may be a later response to exercise and fitness improvement. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota of humans is a critical component of functional development and subsequent health. It is important to understand the lifestyle and dietary factors that affect the gut microbiome and what impact these factors may have. Animal studies suggest that exercise can directly affect the gut microbiota, and elite athletes demonstrate unique beneficial and diverse gut microbiome characteristics. These characteristics are associated with levels of protein consumption and levels of physical activity. The results of this study show that increasing the fitness levels of physically inactive humans leads to modest but detectable changes in gut microbiota characteristics. For the first time, we show that regular whey protein intake leads to significant alterations to the composition of the gut virome.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

Can we modulate the breastfed infant gut microbiota through maternal diet?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar S Sindi ◽  
Donna T Geddes ◽  
Mary E Wlodek ◽  
Beverly S Muhlhausler ◽  
Matthew S Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Breastfed Infant ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
And Function ◽  
Microbiome Data

Abstract Initial colonisation of the infant gut is robustly influenced by regular ingestion of human milk, a substance that contains microbes, microbial metabolites, immune proteins, and oligosaccharides. Numerous factors have been identified as potential determinants of the human milk and infant gut microbiota, including maternal diet; however, there is limited data on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on either of these. Here, we review the processes thought to contribute to human milk and infant gut bacterial colonisation and provide a basis for considering the role of maternal dietary patterns during lactation in shaping infant gut microbial composition and function. Although only one observational study has directly investigated the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the infant gut microbiome, data from animal studies suggests that modulation of the maternal gut microbiota, via diet or probiotics, may influence the mammary or milk microbiota. Additionally, evidence from human studies suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect the gut microbiota of the breastfed infant. Together, there is a plausible hypothesis that maternal diet during lactation may influence the infant gut microbiota. If substantiated in further studies, this may present a potential window of opportunity for modulating the infant gut microbiome in early life.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome Composition: A Cross-Sectional Study among Healthy Young Italian Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Francesca Gallè ◽  
Federica Valeriani ◽  
Maria Sofia Cattaruzza ◽  
Gianluca Gianfranceschi ◽  
Renato Liguori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Healthy Humans

Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the microbial composition of the gut and its possible association with the Mediterranean diet (MD) after adjusting for demographic and anthropometric characteristics in a sample of healthy young Italian adults. Methods. Gut microbiota, demographic information, and data on adherence to MD and physical activity (PA) habits were collected in a sample of 140 university students (48.6% males, mean age 22.5 ± 2.9) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (15.2–33.8) and a mean PA level of 3006.2 ± 2973.6 metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes/week (148–21,090). Results. A high prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was found in all the fecal samples. Significant dissimilarities in the microbiota composition were found on the basis of MD adherence and PA levels (p = 0.001). At the genus level, Streptococcus and Dorea were highly abundant in overweight/obese individuals, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira in participants with lower adherence to MD, and Lachnobacterium in subjects with low levels of PA (p = 0.001). A significantly higher abundance of Paraprevotella was shown by individuals with lower BMI, lower MD adherence, and lower PA levels (p = 0.001). Conclusions. This study contributes to the characterization of the gut microbiome of healthy humans. The findings suggest the role of diet and PA in determining gut microbiota variability.

scholarly journals Postoperative Complications Are Associated with Long-Term Changes in the Gut Microbiota Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Felix C.F. Schmitt ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
William Mathejczyk ◽  
Markus A. Weigand ◽  
Jane C. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Stool Samples

Changes in the gut microbiome have already been associated with postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery. However, it is still unclear whether these changes are transient or a long-lasting effect. Therefore, the aim of this prospective clinical pilot study was to examine long-term changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes with the clinical course of the patient. Methods: In total, stool samples of 62 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients undergoing primary tumor resection were analyzed by 16S-rDNA next-generation sequencing. Stool samples were collected preoperatively in order to determine the gut microbiome at baseline as well as at 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter to observe longitudinal changes. Postoperatively, the study patients were separated into two groups—patients who suffered from postoperative complications (n = 30) and those without complication (n = 32). Patients with postoperative complications showed a significantly stronger reduction in the alpha diversity starting 6 months after operation, which does not resolve, even after 24 months. The structure of the microbiome was also significantly altered from baseline at six-month follow-up in patients with complications (p = 0.006). This was associated with a long-lasting decrease of a large number of species in the gut microbiota indicating an impact in the commensal microbiota and a long-lasting increase of Fusobacterium ulcerans. The microbial composition of the gut microbiome shows significant changes in patients with postoperative complications up to 24 months after surgery.

scholarly journals Distinct composition and metabolic functions of human gut microbiota are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Ni ◽  
Zoltan Lohinai ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
Balazs Dome ◽  
Judit Moldvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Functional Pathways

AbstractCachexia is associated with decreased survival in cancer patients and has a prevalence of up to 80%. The etiology of cachexia is poorly understood, and limited treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the role of the human gut microbiome in cachexia by integrating shotgun metagenomics and plasma metabolomics of 31 lung cancer patients. The cachexia group showed significant differences in the gut microbial composition, functional pathways of the metagenome, and the related plasma metabolites compared to non-cachectic patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), methylhistamine, and vitamins were significantly depleted in the plasma of cachexia patients, which was also reflected in the depletion of relevant gut microbiota functional pathways. The enrichment of BCAAs and 3-oxocholic acid in non-cachectic patients were positively correlated with gut microbial species Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus gasseri, respectively. Furthermore, the gut microbiota capacity for lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was significantly enriched in cachectic patients. The involvement of the gut microbiome in cachexia was further observed in a high-performance machine learning model using solely gut microbial features. Our study demonstrates the links between cachectic host metabolism and specific gut microbial species and functions in a clinical setting, suggesting that the gut microbiota could have an influence on cachexia with possible therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Impact of the gut microbiome on the atorvastatin-dependent modulation of the serum lipidome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Roessler ◽  
F Zimmermann ◽  
D Schmidt ◽  
U Escher ◽  
A Jasina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Regulatory Properties

Abstract Background and aims The modulation of serum lipids, in particular of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), by statins varies between individuals. The mechanisms regulating this interindividual variation are only poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relation between the gut microbiome and the regulatory properties of atorvastatin on the serum lipidome using mice with depleted gut microbiome. Methods Over a period of 6 weeks, mice (C57BL/6) with either an intact (conventional mice, CONV, n=24) or antibiotic-based depleted gut microbiome (antibiotic treated mice, ABS, n=16) were put on standard chow diet (SCD) or high fat diet (HFD), respectively. During the last 4 weeks of treatment atorvastatin (Ator, 10mg/kg body weight/day) or control vehicle was administered via daily oral gavage. Blood lipids (total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL-C, HDL-C) and serum sphingolipids were compared among the groups. The expressions of hepatic and intestinal genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Alterations in the gut microbiota profile of mice with intact gut microbiome were examined using 16S RNA qRT-PCR. Results In CONV mice, HFD led to significantly increased blood LDL-C levels as compared with SCD (HFD: 36.8±1.4 mg/dl vs. SCD: 22.0±1.8 mg/dl; P<0.01). In CONV mice atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced blood LDL-C levels after HFD, whereas in ABS mice the LDL-C lowering effect of atorvastatin was markedly attenuated (CONV+HFD+Ator: 31.0±1.8 mg/dl vs. ABS+HFD+Ator: 46.4±3 mg/dl; P<0.01). A significant reduction in the abundance of several plasma lipids, in particular sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids upon atorvastatin treatment was observed in CONV mice, but not in ABS mice. The expressions of distinct hepatic and intestinal cholesterol-regulating genes (ldlr, srebp2, pcsk9 and npc1l1) upon atorvastatin treatment were significantly altered in gut microbiota depleted mice. In response to HFD a decrease in the relative abundance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroides and an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes was observed. The altered ratio between Bacteroides and Firmicutes in HFD fed mice was partly reversed upon atorvastatin treatment. Conclusions Our findings indicate a crucial role of the gut microbiome for the regulatory properties of atorvastatin on the serum lipidome and, in turn, support a critical impact of atorvastatin on the gut microbial composition. The results provide novel insights into potential microbiota related mechanisms underlying interindividual variation in modulation of the serum lipidome by statins, given interindividual differences in microbiome composition and function. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): German Heart Research Foundation

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Alterations in Patients With Thyroid Nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Li ◽  
Tiantian Li ◽  
Xinxin Gao ◽  
Hang Yan ◽  
Jingfeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Thyroid Metabolism ◽  
Relative Abundances

Thyroid nodules are found in nearly half of the adult population. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in thyroid metabolism, yet the association between gut microbiota capacity, thyroid nodules, and thyroid function has not been studied comprehensively. We performed a gut microbiome genome-wide association study in 196 patients with thyroid nodules and 283 controls by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. We found that participants with high-grade thyroid nodules have decreased number of gut microbial species and gene families compared with those with lower grade nodules and controls. There are also significant alterations in the overall microbial composition in participants with high-grade thyroid nodules. The gut microbiome in participants with high-grade thyroid nodules is characterized by greater amino acid degradation and lower butyrate production. The relative abundances of multiple butyrate producing microbes are reduced in patients with high-grade thyroid nodules and the relative abundances of L-histidine metabolism pathways are associated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Our study describes the gut microbiome characteristics in thyroid nodules and a gut-thyroid link and highlight specific gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target to regulate thyroid metabolism.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Kang ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Siping Li ◽  
Xiaomei Sun ◽  
Xiangyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Quality Filtering ◽  
And Function

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Soy Protein and Whey Protein Supplementation during Exercise: a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Suelen Maiara Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Bárbara Cristovão Carminati ◽  
Valfredo De Almeida Santos Junior ◽  
Pablo Christiano Barboza Lollo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe interest of the supplementation market for the soy protein consumption  to optimize physical and metabolic performance after exercise is increasing. However, evidence suggests that the  soy protein ingestion has lower anabolic properties when compared with whey protein. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effects of whey protein and soy protein supplementation on the  muscle functions maintenance after exercise. This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were searched for in the Pubmed database and included studies comparing the effects of soy protein and whey protein consumption on protein synthesis, lean mass gain and oxidative stress reduction in response to endurance or resistance training. Thirteen trials were included in this review. The results showed that the whey protein consumption is superior to that of soy protein with respect to protein synthesis and lean mass gain, but soy protein showed superior results in reducing oxidative stress. Future research comparing both soy and whey protein are needed to define protein source to be used in nutritional interventions to protein synthesis, lean mass gain and oxidative stress in different populations. Keywords: Soybean Proteins. Milk Proteins. Protein Biosynthesis. Hypertrophy. ResumoO interesse do mercado de suplementação pelo consumo de proteína de soja para otimizar o desempenho físico e metabólico após o exercício está aumentando. No entanto, evidências sugerem que a ingestão da proteína de soja tem propriedades anabólicas mais baixas quando comparada à proteína do soro do leite. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi comparar os efeitos da suplementação com whey protein e proteína de soja na manutenção das funções musculares após o exercício. Esta revisão foi realizada usando os Itens de Relatório Preferidos para Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises (PRISMA). Os artigos foram pesquisados na base de dados Pubmed e incluíram estudos comparando os efeitos da proteína de soja e do consumo de proteínas do soro na síntese protéica, ganho de massa magra e redução do estresse oxidativo em resposta ao treinamento de resistência ou resistência. Treze ensaios foram incluídos nesta revisão. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de proteína de soro é superior ao da proteína de soja em relação à síntese protéica e ao ganho de massa magra, mas a proteína de soja apresentou resultados superiores na redução do estresse oxidativo. Pesquisas futuras comparando a soja e a proteína do soro do leite são necessárias para definir a fonte protéica a ser usada em intervenções nutricionais para a síntese protéica, ganho de massa magra e estresse oxidativo em diferentes populações. Palavras-chave: Proteínas de Soja. Proteínas do Leite. Biossíntese de Proteínas. Hipertrofia.

scholarly journals Gut Microbial Composition and Function Are Altered in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunju Jeong ◽  
Ji-Won Kim ◽  
Hyun Ju You ◽  
Sang-Jun Park ◽  
Jennifer Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Early Ra ◽  
Microbial Distribution ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
And Function

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation of the joints and extra-articular manifestations. Recent studies have shown that microorganisms affect RA pathogenesis. However, few studies have examined the microbial distribution of early RA patients, particularly female patients. In the present study, we investigated the gut microbiome profile and microbial functions in early RA female patients, including preclinical and clinically apparent RA cases. Changes in microbiological diversity, composition, and function in each group were analyzed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME) and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt). The results revealed the dysbiosis due to decreased diversity in the early RA patients compared with healthy subjects. There were significant differences in the microbial distribution of various taxa from phylum to genus levels between healthy subjects and early RA patients. Phylum Bacteroidetes was enriched in early RA patients, while Actinobacteria, including the genus Collinsella, was enriched in healthy subjects. Functional analysis based on clusters of orthologous groups revealed that the genes related to the biosynthesis of menaquinone, known to be derived from gram-positive bacteria, were enriched in healthy subjects, while iron transport-related genes were enriched in early RA patients. Genes related to the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide, the gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, were enriched in clinically apparent RA patients. The obvious differences in microbial diversity, taxa, and associated functions of the gut microbiota between healthy subjects and early RA patients highlight the involvement of the gut microbiome in the early stages of RA.

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