scholarly journals Bifidobacterial Dominance of the Gut in Early Life and Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana H. Taft ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez ◽  
Samir Akre ◽  
M. Nazmul Huda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Swedish Cohort

ABSTRACTBifidobacteriumspecies are important commensals capable of dominating the infant gut microbiome, in part by producing acids that suppress growth of other taxa.Bifidobacteriumspecies are less prone to possessing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs) than other taxa that may colonize infants. Given that AMR is a growing public health crisis and ARGs are present in the gut microbiome of humans from early life, this study examines the correlation between aBifidobacterium-dominated infant gut microbiome and AMR levels, measured by a culture-independent metagenomic approach both in early life and as infants become toddlers. In general,Bifidobacteriumdominance is associated with a significant reduction in AMR in a Bangladeshi cohort, both in the number of acquired AMR genes present and in the abundance of AMR genes. However, by year 2, Bangladeshi infants had no significant differences in AMR related to their early-lifeBifidobacteriumlevels. A generalized linear model including all infants in a previously published Swedish cohort found a significant negative association between log-transformed total AMR andBifidobacteriumlevels, thus confirming the relationship betweenBifidobacteriumlevels and AMR. In both cohorts, there was no change between early-life and later-life AMR abundance in high-Bifidobacteriuminfants but a significant reduction in AMR abundance in low-Bifidobacteriuminfants. These results support the hypothesis that earlyBifidobacteriumdominance of the infant gut microbiome may help reduce colonization by taxa containing ARGs.IMPORTANCEInfants are vulnerable to an array of infectious diseases, and as the gut microbiome may serve as a reservoir of AMR for pathogens, reducing the levels of AMR in infants is important to infant health. This study demonstrates that high levels ofBifidobacteriumare associated with reduced levels of AMR in early life and suggests that probiotic interventions to increase infantBifidobacteriumlevels have the potential to reduce AMR in infants. However, this effect is not sustained at year 2 of age in Bangladeshi infants, underscoring the need for more detailed studies of the biogeography and timing of infant AMR acquisition.

scholarly journals The association between the maternal diet and the maternal and infant gut microbiome: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siofra E. Maher ◽  
Eileen C. O’Brien ◽  
Rebecca L. Moore ◽  
David F. Byrne ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract During pregnancy, changes occur to influence the maternal gut microbiome, and potentially the fetal microbiome. Diet has been shown to impact the gut microbiome. Little research has been conducted examining diet during pregnancy with respect to the gut microbiome. To meet inclusion criteria, dietary analyses must have been conducted as part of the primary aim. The primary outcome was the composition of the gut microbiome (infant or maternal), as assessed using culture-independent sequencing techniques. This review identified seven studies for inclusion, five examining the maternal gut microbiome and two examining the fetal gut microbiome. Microbial data were attained through analysis of stool samples by 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota assessment. Studies found an association between the maternal diet and gut microbiome. High-fat diets (% fat of total energy), fat-soluble vitamins (mg/day) and fibre (g/day) were the most significant nutrients associated with the gut microbiota composition of both neonates and mothers. High-fat diets were significantly associated with a reduction in microbial diversity. High-fat diets may reduce microbial diversity, while fibre intake may be positively associated with microbial diversity. The results of this review must be interpreted with caution. The number of studies was low, and the risk of observational bias and heterogeneity across the studies must be considered. However, these results show promise for dietary intervention and microbial manipulation in order to favour an increase of health-associated taxa in the gut of the mother and her offspring.

Prediction of lifetime reproductive performance of Australian Merino ewes from reproductive performance in early life

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee ◽  
KD Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Australian Merino

The lifetime reproductive performances (5 annual cycles) of 2105 Merino ewes from a multiple bloodline flock (15 separate bloodlines) were used to determine the association between reproductive performance in early life (either at 2 or 3 years of age, or the combined information from both years) and later performance. Early life fertility was indicative of both the fertility and the rearing ability of ewes in later life. The relationship of the combined weaning performance at the first and second annual reproductive cycles with reproductive performance in later life suggested gains were possible in the current flock from culling with emphasis on low fertility and rearing ability. Ewes that were dry at 2 and 3 years of age subsequently reared only half as many lambs as ewes that had reared lambs at 2 and 3 years of age.

The relationship of early life experiences to later life leisure involvement

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A. McGuire ◽  
F. Dominic Dotta Vio ◽  
Joseph T. O'leary
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Leisure Involvement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Impact of early-life rearing history on gut microbiome succession and performance of Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yale Deng ◽  
Fotini Kokou ◽  
Ep H. Eding ◽  
Marc C. J. Verdegem
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Fish Gut ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Background Fish gut microbial colonisation starts during larval stage and plays an important role in host’s growth and health. To what extent first colonisation could influence the gut microbiome succession and growth in later life remains unknown. In this study, Nile tilapia embryos were incubated in two different environments, a flow-through system (FTS) and a biofloc system (BFS); hatched larvae were subsequently cultured in the systems for 14 days of feeding (dof). Fish were then transferred to one common recirculating aquaculture system (RAS1, common garden, 15–62 dof), followed by a growth trial in another RAS (RAS2, growth trial, 63–105 dof). In RAS2, fish were fed with two types of diet, differing in non-starch polysaccharide content. Our aim was to test the effect of rearing environment on the gut microbiome development, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia during post-larvae stages. Results Larvae cultured in the BFS showed better growth and different gut microbiome, compared to FTS. After the common garden, the gut microbiome still showed differences in species composition, while body weight was similar. Long-term effects of early life rearing history on fish gut microbiome composition, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balances were not observed. Still, BFS-reared fish had more gut microbial interactions than FTS-reared fish. A temporal effect was observed in gut microbiome succession during fish development, although a distinct number of core microbiome remained present throughout the experimental period. Conclusion Our results indicated that the legacy effect of first microbial colonisation of the fish gut gradually disappeared during host development, with no differences in gut microbiome composition and growth performance observed in later life after culture in a common environment. However, early life exposure of larvae to biofloc consistently increased the microbial interactions in the gut of juvenile Nile tilapia and might possibly benefit gut health.

scholarly journals The Role of Microbiota in Infant Health: From Early Life to Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Yiqing Ye ◽  
Fengmei Wang ◽  
Fengying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

From early life to adulthood, the microbiota play a crucial role in the health of the infant. The microbiota in early life are not only a key regulator of infant health but also associated with long-term health. Pregnancy to early life is the golden time for the establishment of the infant microbiota, which is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Recently, there is an explosion of the studies on the role of microbiota in human diseases, but the application to disease or health is relatively limited because many aspects of human microbiota remain controversial, especially about the infant microbiota. Therefore, a critical and conclusive review is necessary to understand fully the relationship between the microbiota and the health of infant. In this article, we introduce in detail the role of microbiota in the infant from pregnancy to early life to long-term health. The main contents of this article include the relationship between the maternal microbiota and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the establishment of the neonatal microbiota during perinatal period and early life, the composition of the infant gut microbiota, the prediction of the microbiota for long-term health, and the future study directions of microbiota.

scholarly journals Characterization of astrocytes throughout life in wildtype and APP/PS1 mice after early-life stress exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maralinde R. Abbink ◽  
Janssen M. Kotah ◽  
Lianne Hoeijmakers ◽  
Aline Mak ◽  
Genevieve Yvon-Durocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Microglial Response ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Early-life stress (ES) is an emerging risk factor for later-life development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that ES modulates amyloid-beta pathology and the microglial response to it in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model. Because astrocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of AD, we studied here if and how ES affects astrocytes in wildtype (WT) and APP/PS1 mice, and how these relate to the previously reported amyloid pathology and microglial profile. Methods We induced ES by limiting nesting and bedding material from postnatal days (P) 2-9. We studied in WT mice (at P9, P30 and 6 months) and in APP/PS1 mice (at 4 and 10 months) i) GFAP coverage, cell density and complexity in hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (EC); ii) hippocampal gene expression of astrocyte markers; and iii) the relationship between astrocyte, microglia and amyloid markers. Results In WT mice, ES increased GFAP coverage in HPC subregions at P9, and decreased it at 10 months. APP/PS1 mice at 10 months exhibited both individual cell as well as clustered GFAP signals. APP/PS1 mice when compared to WT exhibited reduced total GFAP coverage in HPC, which is increased in the EC, while coverage of the clustered GFAP signal in the HPC was increased and accompanied by increased expression of several astrocytic genes. While measured astrocytic parameters in APP/PS1 mice appear not be further modulated by ES, analyzing these in the context of ES-induced alterations to amyloid pathology and microglial shows alterations at both 4 and 10 months of age. Conclusions Our data suggest that ES leads to alterations to the astrocytic response to amyloid-β pathology.

scholarly journals Characterization of astrocytes throughout life in wildtype and APP/PS1 mice after early-life stress exposure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maralinde R. Abbink ◽  
Janssen M. Kotah ◽  
Lianne Hoeijmakers ◽  
Aline Mak ◽  
Genevieve Yvon-Durocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Microglial Response ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Early-life stress (ES) is an emerging risk factor for later-life development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that ES modulates amyloid-beta pathology and the microglial response to it in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model. Because astrocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of AD, we studied here if and how ES affects astrocytes in wildtype (WT) and APP/PS1 mice, and how these relate to the previously reported amyloid pathology and microglial profile.Methods We induced ES by limiting nesting and bedding material from postnatal days (P) 2-9. We studied in WT mice (at P9, P30 and 6 months) and in APP/PS1 mice (at 4 and 10 months) i) GFAP coverage, cell density and complexity in hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (EC); ii) hippocampal gene expression of astrocyte markers; and iii) the relationship between astrocyte, microglia and amyloid markers.ResultsIn WT mice, ES increased GFAP coverage in HPC subregions at P9, and decreased it at 10 months. APP/PS1 mice at 10 months exhibited both individual cell as well as clustered GFAP signals. APP/PS1 mice when compared to WT exhibited reduced total GFAP coverage in HPC, which is increased in the EC, while coverage of the clustered GFAP signal in the HPC was increased and accompanied by increased expression of several astrocytic genes. While measured astrocytic parameters in APP/PS1 mice appear not be further modulated by ES, analyzing these in the context of ES-induced alterations to amyloid pathology and microglial shows alterations at both 4 and 10 months of age.Conclusions Our data suggest that ES leads to alterations to the astrocytic response to amyloid-β pathology.

scholarly journals Characterization of astrocytes throughout life in wildtype and APP/PS1 mice after early-life stress exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maralinde R. Abbink ◽  
Janssen M. Kotah ◽  
Lianne Hoeijmakers ◽  
Aline Mak ◽  
Genevieve Yvon-Durocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Microglial Response ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Early-life stress (ES) is an emerging risk factor for later-life development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that ES modulates amyloid-beta pathology and the microglial response to it in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model. Because astrocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of AD, we studied here if and how ES affects astrocytes in wildtype (WT) and APP/PS1 mice, and how these relate to the previously reported amyloid pathology and microglial profile. Methods We induced ES by limiting nesting and bedding material from postnatal days (P) 2-9. We studied in WT mice (at P9, P30 and 6 months) and in APP/PS1 mice (at 4 and 10 months) i) GFAP coverage, cell density and complexity in hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (EC); ii) hippocampal gene expression of astrocyte markers; and iii) the relationship between astrocyte, microglia and amyloid markers. Results In WT mice, ES increased GFAP coverage in HPC subregions at P9, and decreased it at 10 months. APP/PS1 mice at 10 months exhibited both individual cell as well as clustered GFAP signals. APP/PS1 mice when compared to WT exhibited reduced total GFAP coverage in HPC, which is increased in the EC, while coverage of the clustered GFAP signal in the HPC was increased and accompanied by increased expression of several astrocytic genes. While measured astrocytic parameters in APP/PS1 mice appear not be further modulated by ES, analyzing these in the context of ES-induced alterations to amyloid pathology and microglial shows alterations at both 4 and 10 months of age. Conclusions Our data suggest that ES leads to alterations to the astrocytic response to amyloid-β pathology.

scholarly journals Early life gut microbiome dynamics mediate maternal effects of infant growth in vervet monkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Petrullo ◽  
Alice Baniel ◽  
Matthew J Jorgensen ◽  
Sierra Sams ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Vervet Monkey ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome

Background: Maternal parity is associated with variation in infant growth across mammals, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Given emerging links between growth and the microbiome, and the importance of maternal microbiota in establishing this community, the assembly of the infant gut microbiome may be a mediator of parity effects on infant growth. Results: Here, we analyzed 118 fecal and milk samples from mother-infant vervet monkey dyads across the first 6 months postpartum in a population with high growth-associated infant mortality. Despite poorer milk production, infants born to low parity females were larger at 6 months of age than their counterparts and exhibited divergent patterns in gut microbiome assembly. Gut microbiome alpha diversity increased rapidly from the first days of life to 4 months old in all infants, but infants born to low parity females exhibited reduced gut microbiome alpha diversity during early life. At the taxonomic level, infants broadly exhibited a shift from Bacteroides fragilis to Prevotella dominance. Infants of low parity females housed more B. fragilis in their guts, and B. fragilis dominance drove reduced alpha diversity. Maternal vertical transmission to the infant gut was greater from milk than from the maternal gut, and was greatest among infants born to low parity females. B. fragilis was 15-fold more abundant in milk than in the maternal gut and was greater in the milk of low parity females, suggesting that milk may be the primary maternal reservoir of B. fragilis. Path analyses demonstrated that both infant gut alpha diversity and B. fragilis mediated parity effects on postnatal growth: infants were larger at 6 months old if they exhibited reduced alpha diversity and a greater relative abundance of B. fragilis during early life. Conclusion: The first days of life are a critical period of infant gut microbiome organization during which the establishment of a less diverse, milk-oriented microbial community abundant in B. fragilis promotes growth among infants born to reproductively inexperienced females.

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