scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Emerging Florfenicol-Resistant Campylobacter coli Isolated from the Cecal Contents of Cattle in the United States

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Sampa Mukherjee ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Shenia Young ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance

ABSTRACT Genomic analyses were performed on florfenicol-resistant (FFNr) Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from cattle, and the cfr(C) gene-associated multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmid was characterized. Sixteen FFNr C. coli isolates recovered between 2013 and 2018 from beef cattle were sequenced using MiSeq. Genomes and plasmids were found to be closed for three of the isolates using the PacBio system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome and the structures of MDR plasmids were investigated. Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of cfr(C)-associated MDR plasmids. The spectrum of resistance encoded by the cfr(C) gene was further investigated by agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All 16 FFNr isolates were MDR and exhibited coresistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, and tetracycline. All isolates shared the same resistance genotype, carrying aph (3′)-III, hph, ΔaadE (truncated), blaOXA-61, cfr(C), and tet(O) genes plus a mutation of GyrA (T86I). The cfr(C), aph (3′)-III, hph, ΔaadE, and tet(O) genes were colocated on transferable MDR plasmids ranging in size from 48 to 50 kb. These plasmids showed high sequence homology with the pTet plasmid and carried several Campylobacter virulence genes, including virB2, virB4, virB5, VirB6, virB7, virB8, virb9, virB10, virB11, and virD4. The cfr(C) gene conferred resistance to florfenicol (8 to 32 μg/ml), clindamycin (512 to 1,024 μg/ml), linezolid (128 to 512 μg/ml), and tiamulin (1,024 μg/ml). Phylogenetic analysis showed SNP differences ranging from 11 to 2,248 SNPs among the 16 isolates. The results showed that the cfr(C) gene located in the conjugative pTet MDR/virulence plasmid is present in diverse strains, where it confers high levels of resistance to several antimicrobials, including linezolid, a critical drug for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria in humans. This report highlights the power of genomic antimicrobial resistance surveillance to uncover the intricacies of transmissible coresistance and provides information that is needed for accurate risk assessment and mitigation strategies. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne diarrheal illness worldwide, with more than one million cases each year in the United States alone. The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance in this pathogen has become a growing public health concern. Florfenicol-resistant (FFNr) Campylobacter has been very rare in the United States. In this study, we employed whole-genome sequencing to characterize 16 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from cattle in the United States. A gene [cfr(C)] was found to be responsible for resistance not only to florfenicol but also to several other antimicrobials, including linezolid, a critical drug for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria in humans. The results showed that cfr(C) is located in a conjugative pTet MDR/virulence plasmid. This report highlights the power of antimicrobial resistance surveillance to uncover the intricacies of transmissible coresistance and provides information that is needed for accurate risk assessment and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2567-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Tadesse ◽  
Aparna Singh ◽  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Mary Bartholomew ◽  
Niketta Womack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S

ABSTRACTWe conducted a retrospective study of 2,149 clinicalSalmonellastrains to help document the historical emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There were significant increases in resistance to older drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, which were most common inSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium. An increase in multidrug resistance was observed for each decade since the 1950s. These data help show howSalmonellaevolved over the past 6 decades, after the introduction of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Crisis leadership during COVID-19: the role of governors in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Akeem Sadiq ◽  
Naim Kapucu ◽  
Qian Hu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Crisis Leadership ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint article is to understand crisis leadership during COVID-19 by examining the decision-making with respect to implementing COVID-19 mitigation measures, collaboration with stakeholders, and communication strategies of the governors of the States of California, Texas, Florida, and New York in the United States.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint article employs information from the extant literature on crisis leadership and secondary sources to understand the four governor's crisis leadership strategies during COVID-19.FindingsGovernors Gavin Newsom of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York made quicker decisions regarding implementing COVID-19 mitigation measures (e.g. shutting down the economy, mandating physical distancing, issuing stay-at-home orders, mandating wearing face covering in public and issuing a state of emergency) compared to Governors Greg Abbott of Texas and Ron DeSantis of Florida. In addition, all four governors collaborated with state and local governments, private entities, and nonprofits to address COVID-19. Finally, all four governors held some form of briefing on COVID-19 on a regular basis and used different media to get their information out to the public.Originality/valueThis viewpoint article uses decision-making regarding implementation of mitigation strategies, collaboration with stakeholders, and crisis communication strategy to understand governors' crisis leadership during COVID-19.

scholarly journals Trends in Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Intra-Abdominal Infections to Ertapenem and Comparators in the United States According to Data from the SMART Program, 2009 to 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3606-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle H. Lob ◽  
Krystyna M. Kazmierczak ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Meredith A. Hackel ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Smart Data ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance inEnterobacteriaceae, including resistance to carbapenems, is increasing worldwide. However, using U.S. Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) data for 2009 to 2013, no statistically significant decreasing susceptibility trends were found overall forEscherichia coliisolates from patients with intra-abdominal infections. In the subset of isolates from community-associated infections, susceptibility to levofloxacin decreased significantly and the increasing rate of multidrug-resistantE. coliapproached statistical significance. In 2013, ertapenem, imipenem, and amikacin showed the highest susceptibility rates (≥99%) and fluoroquinolones the lowest (<70%). The 10 non-ertapenem-susceptible isolates (0.3% of allE. coliisolates) encoded one or more carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, or non-ESBL β-lactamases.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of a Pan-Resistant Isolate ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, United States 2016

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. B. de Man ◽  
Joseph D. Lutgring ◽  
David R. Lonsway ◽  
Karen F. Anderson ◽  
Julia A. Kiehlbauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health globally and leads to an estimated 23,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. Here, we report the genomic characterization of an unusualKlebsiella pneumoniae, nonsusceptible to all 26 antibiotics tested, that was isolated from a U.S. patient. The isolate harbored four known beta-lactamase genes, including plasmid-mediatedblaNDM-1andblaCMY-6, as well as chromosomalblaCTX-M-15andblaSHV-28, which accounted for resistance to all beta-lactams tested. In addition, sequence analysis identified mechanisms that could explain all other reported nonsusceptibility results, including nonsusceptibility to colistin, tigecycline, and chloramphenicol. Two plasmids, IncA/C2 and IncFIB, were closely related to mobile elements described previously and isolated from Gram-negative bacteria from China, Nepal, India, the United States, and Kenya, suggesting possible origins of the isolate and plasmids. This is one of the firstK. pneumoniaeisolates in the United States to have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as nonsusceptible to all drugs tested, including all beta-lactams, colistin, and tigecycline.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is a major public health threat worldwide. Bacteria that are nonsusceptible or resistant to all antimicrobials available are of major concern to patients and the public because of lack of treatment options and potential for spread. AKlebsiella pneumoniaestrain that was nonsusceptible to all tested antibiotics was isolated from a U.S. patient. Mechanisms that could explain all observed phenotypic antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, including resistance to colistin and beta-lactams, were identified through whole-genome sequencing. The large variety of resistance determinants identified demonstrates the usefulness of whole-genome sequencing for detecting these genes in an outbreak response. Sequencing of isolates with rare and unusual phenotypes can provide information on how these extremely resistant isolates develop, including whether resistance is acquired on mobile elements or accumulated through chromosomal mutations. Moreover, this provides further insight into not only detecting these highly resistant organisms but also preventing their spread.

scholarly journals Draft Genomic Sequences of Campylobacter coli Isolates from Chicken Carcasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixia Xu ◽  
Aisha Abdul-Wakeel ◽  
Nereus W. Gunther ◽  
Christopher Sommers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Content Type

Campylobacter bacteria are one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne illnesses in the United States. Here, we report the draft genomic sequences of eight Campylobacter coli isolates from chicken carcasses, including virulence factors and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals The mcr-9 Gene of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Is Not Associated with Colistin Resistance in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Tyson ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Sherry Ayers ◽  
Stacey Borenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Genetic Context

ABSTRACT Reports of transmissible colistin resistance show the importance of comprehensive colistin resistance surveillance. Recently, a new allele of the mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene family designated mcr-9, which shows variation in genetic context and colistin susceptibility, was reported. We tested over 100 Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates with mcr-9 from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in the United States for their susceptibility to colistin and found that every isolate was susceptible, with an MIC of ≤1 μg/ml. Long-read sequencing of 12 isolates revealed mcr-9 on IncHI plasmids that were either independent or integrated into the chromosome. Overall, these results demonstrate that caution is necessary when determining the clinical relevance of new resistance genes.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Emerging Florfenicol-Resistant Campylobacter coli Isolated from the Intestinal Cecal Contents of Cattle in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Sampa Mukherjee ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Shenia Young ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Agar Dilution

AbstractObjectiveGenomic analyses were performed on florfenicol resistant (FFNR) Campylobacter coli (C. coli) isolated from cattle and the cfr(C) gene-associated multi-drug resistance (MDR) plasmid was characterized.MethodsSixteen FFNRC. coli isolates recovered between 2013-2018 from beef cattle were sequenced using MiSeq. Genomes and plasmids were closed for three of the isolates using the PacBio® system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome and the structures of MDR plasmids were investigated. Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of cfr(C) associated MDR plasmids. The spectrum of resistance encoded by the cfr(C) gene was further investigated by agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing.ResultsAll 16 FFNR isolates were MDR and exhibited co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin and tetracycline. All isolates shared the same resistance genotype, carrying aph(3’)-III, hph, ∆aadE (truncated), blaOXA-61, cfr(C), and tet(O) genes plus a mutation of GyrA T86I. The cfr(C), aph(3’)-III, hph ∆aadE, and tet(O) genes were co-located on transferable MDR plasmids with size 48-50 kb. These plasmids showed high sequence homology with the pTet plasmid, and carried several Campylobacter virulence genes, including virB2, virB4, virB5, VirB6, virB7, virB8, virb9, virB10, virB11 and virD4. The cfr(C) gene conferred resistance to florfenicol (8-32 µg/ml), clindamycin (512-1,024 µg/ml), linezolid (128-512 µg/ml), and tiamulin (1,024 µg/ml). Phylogenetic analysis showed SNP differences ranging from 11-2,248 among the 16 isolates.ConclusionsThe results showed that the cfr(C) gene located in the conjugative pTet MDR/virulence plasmid is present in diverse strains, where it confers high levels of resistance to several antimicrobials, including linezolid, a critical drug for treating Gram positive bacterial infections in humans. This study highlights the power of genomic antimicrobial resistance surveillance to uncover the intricacies of transmissible co-resistance and provides information that is needed for accurate risk assessment and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter Bacteria in Sheep and Increased Campylobacter Counts in the Bile and Gallbladders of Sheep Medicated with Tetracycline in Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xia ◽  
Jinji Pang ◽  
Yizhi Tang ◽  
Zuowei Wu ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bile Samples

ABSTRACT Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen in humans and a significant cause of abortion in sheep. Although ruminants are increasingly recognized as important reservoirs for Campylobacter species, limited information is available about the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of sheep Campylobacter. Here, we describe a two-trial study that examined Campylobacter profiles in sheep and determined whether in-feed tetracycline (TET) influenced the distribution and AMR profiles of Campylobacter. Each trial involved 80 commercial sheep naturally infected with Campylobacter: 40 of these sheep were medicated with tetracycline in feed, while the other 40 received feed without antibiotics. Fecal and bile samples were collected for the isolation of Campylobacter. The bacterial isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypes. The results revealed that 87.0% and 61.3% of the fecal and bile samples were positive for Campylobacter (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli), with no significant differences between the medicated and nonmedicated groups. All but one of the tested Campylobacter isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Although fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance remained low in C. jejuni (1.7%), 95.0% of the C. coli isolates were resistant to FQ. Genotyping revealed that C. jejuni sequence type 2862 (ST2862) and C. coli ST902 were the predominant genotypes in the sheep. Feed medication with tetracycline did not affect the overall prevalence, species distribution, and AMR profiles of Campylobacter, but it did increase the total Campylobacter counts in bile and gallbladder. These findings identify predominant Campylobacter clones, reveal the high prevalence of FQ-resistant C. coli, and provide new insights into the epidemiology of Campylobacter in sheep. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter is a major cause of foodborne illness in humans, and antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter is considered a serious threat to public health in the United States and worldwide. As a foodborne pathogen, Campylobacter commonly exists in the intestinal tract of ruminant animals, such as sheep and cattle. Results from this study reveal the predominant genotypes and high prevalence of tetracycline (TET) and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in sheep Campylobacter. The finding on fluoroquinolone resistance in sheep Campylobacter is unexpected, as this class of antibiotics is not used for sheep in the United States, and it may suggest the transmission of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter from cattle to sheep. Additionally, the results demonstrate that in-feed medication with tetracycline increases Campylobacter counts in gallbladders, suggesting that the antibiotic promotes Campylobacter colonization of the gallbladder. These findings provide new information on Campylobacter epidemiology in sheep, which may be useful for curbing the spread of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in animal reservoirs.

scholarly journals Identification of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Swine Ceca and Retail Pork Chops in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Tyson ◽  
Heather P. Tate ◽  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Uday Dessai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Resistance Plasmids

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobial drugs used to treat human Salmonella infections, and resistance is rare in the United States for isolates from human and animal sources. Recently, a number of Salmonella isolates from swine cecal contents and retail pork products from National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveillance exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. We identified two qnrB19 quinolone resistance plasmids that are predominantly responsible for this phenomenon and found them distributed among several Salmonella serotypes isolated throughout the United States.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document