Soil Bacteria Use Racemases To Detoxify, Grow on D-Amino Acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Barry E. DiGregorio
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soil Bacteria

DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORO-SUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC ACIDS BY SOIL BACTERIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Aliphatic Acids

Three groups of bacteria capable of decomposing chloro-substituted aliphatic acids were isolated from soil by means of selective media. A group of Pseudomonas-like bacteria (A) decomposed monochloroacetate (and monobromoacetate) readily in media with yeast extract, peptone, or amino acids. They also decomposed α-monochloropropionate with moderate vigor, but had little effect on dichloro-acetate and -propionate, and none on trichloroacetate. A non-sporeforming bacterium of uncertain taxonomic position (B) was able to decompose trichloroacetate in media containing soil extract or vitamin B12, and also in basal medium when associated with vitamin B12-producing strains of Streptomyces. Dichloroacetate was only slightly attacked, and monochloroacetate and α-dichloropropionate not at all. A group of bacteria (C) apparently belonging to Agrobacterium decomposed α-dichloropropionate and dichloroacetate, but was less active towards α-monochloropropionate, and did not attack mono- and tri-chloroacetate. The organisms of groups B and C grew only feebly in ordinary media. The decomposition of monochloroacetate, trichloroacetate, and α-dichloropropionate in soil was accelerated by addition of cell suspensions of groups A, B, and C, respectively. The organisms seemed to be more active in the soil than in vitro.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL BACTERIA WITH SIMPLE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND THOSE REQUIRING AMINO ACIDS

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. B. Payne ◽  
J. W. Rouatt ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Development

Twenty-two of 30 representative soil bacteria having simple nutritional requirements, in that they showed maximum development in a medium of inorganic salts and sugar, were found to be able to synthesize a variety of amino acids, though in no single case were more than four ninhydrin-positive substances found. The culture filtrates permitted the growth of amino-acid-requiring bacteria to the extent that they contained the specific amino acid or acids required by strains of the latter group. The findings point to an associative action between these nutritional groups of soil organisms and suggest that the preferential stimulation in the rhizosphere of bacteria requiring amino acids may be ascribed in part to the ability of the other group of bacteria, which are numerically increased in the rhizosphere, to synthesize amino acids.

scholarly journals Growth in Coculture Stimulates Metabolism of the Phenylurea Herbicide Isoproturon by Sphingomonas sp. Strain SRS2

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3478-3485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian R. Sørensen ◽  
Zeev Ronen ◽  
Jens Aamand
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Phenylurea Herbicide ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT Metabolism of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon by Sphingomonas sp. strain SRS2 was significantly enhanced when the strain was grown in coculture with a soil bacterium (designated strain SRS1). Both members of this consortium were isolated from a highly enriched isoproturon-degrading culture derived from an agricultural soil previously treated regularly with the herbicide. Based on analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, strain SRS1 was assigned to the β-subdivision of the proteobacteria and probably represents a new genus. Strain SRS1 was unable to degrade either isoproturon or its known metabolites 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-urea, or 4-isopropyl-aniline. Pure culture studies indicate that Sphingomonas sp. SRS2 is auxotrophic and requires components supplied by association with other soil bacteria. A specific mixture of amino acids appeared to meet these requirements, and it was shown that methionine was essential for Sphingomonas sp. SRS2. This suggests that strain SRS1 supplies amino acids to Sphingomonas sp. SRS2, thereby leading to rapid metabolism of 14C-labeled isoproturon to 14CO2 and corresponding growth of strain SRS2. Proliferation of strain SRS1 suggests that isoproturon metabolism by Sphingomonas sp. SRS2 provides unknown metabolites or cell debris that supports growth of strain SRS1. The role of strain SRS1 in the consortium was not ubiquitous among soil bacteria; however, the indigenous soil microflora and some strains from culture collections also stimulate isoproturon metabolism by Sphingomonas sp. strain SRS2 to a similar extent.

Hydrolysis and Metabolism by Soil Bacteria of Benzoyl Derivatives of D- and L-Forms of some Amino-acids

Nature ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 170 (4334) ◽  
pp. 888-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKIO KAMEDA ◽  
ETSUKO TOYOURA ◽  
HIROSHI YAMAZOE ◽  
YUKIO KIMURA ◽  
YOSHIRO YASUDA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Derivatives Of

Soil bacteria: principal component analysis of physiological descriptions of some named cultures of Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, and Rhizobium

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Skyring ◽  
C. Quadling ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A principal component (PC) analysis was used to examine binary descriptive data for 38 cultures of Arthrobacter, 16 of Agrobacterium, and 27 of Rhizobium. The descriptions were based on the responses of the cultures to 65 tests concerned with the following: nutritional requirements; use of acetate, succinate, citrate, aldoses, adonitols, ketoses, disaccharides, trisaccharides, aromatic compounds, and amino acids; hydrolysis of starch and protein; and reduction of nitrate. No data for morphological, for symbiotic characteristics, or for pathogenicity were included. The PC analysis showed that the rhizobia, the agrobacteria, and the arthrobacters were separable in terms of the tests used, and that the rhizobia and agrobacteria groups were most alike. The PC analysis indicated important characteristics which distinguished these three groups from each other. Such characteristics included the following: use of arabinose, dulcitol, adonitol, sorbose, inulin, aromatic compounds, glycine, and phenylalanine as carbon and energy sources; use of glucose as carbon and energy source under anaerobic conditions; growth in the presence of 10% NaCl; growth in medium at pH 4.5 or 9.0; growth at 4C; and hydrolysis of starch. Bacteriological characteristics, DNA guanine–cytosine contents, and clustering of the arthrobacter cultures are discussed.

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