Genes Escape Bacterial Host via “Moonlighting” Phage Proteins

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Marcia Stone
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Phage Proteins

scholarly journals Viral Satellites Exploit Phage Proteins to Escape Degradation of the Bacterial Host Chromosome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-514.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia C. McKitterick ◽  
Stephanie G. Hays ◽  
Fatema-Tuz Johura ◽  
Munirul Alam ◽  
Kimberley D. Seed
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Host Chromosome ◽  
Phage Proteins

scholarly journals Viral satellites exploit phage proteins to escape degradation of the bacterial host chromosome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia C. McKitterick ◽  
Stephanie G. Hays ◽  
Munirul Alam ◽  
Kimberley D. Seed
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Host Chromosome ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Phage Production ◽  
Phage Proteins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Phage Activity

SummaryPhage defense systems are often found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), where they constitutively defend against invaders or are induced to respond to new assaults. Some MGEs, the phage satellites, exploit phages for their own transmission after induction, reducing phage production and protecting their hosts in the process. One such satellite inVibrio cholerae, PLE, is triggered by the lytic phage ICP1 to excise from the chromosome, replicate, and transduce to neighboring cells, completely sabotaging phage production. Here, we found that ICP1 has evolved to possess one of two syntenic loci encoding an SF1B-type helicase, either of which PLE can exploit to directly drive PLE replication. Further, loss of PLE mobilization limits anti-phage activity due to phage-mediated degradation of the bacterial genome. Our work provides insight into the unique challenges imposed on the parasites of lytic phages and underscores the adaptions of these satellites to their ever-evolving target phage.

scholarly journals Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer Staphylococcus aureus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Ana G. Abril ◽  
Mónica Carrera ◽  
Karola Böhme ◽  
Jorge Barros-Velázquez ◽  
Benito Cañas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Complement Inhibitors ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phage Proteins ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The present work describes LC-ESI-MS/MS MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of tryptic digestion peptides from phages that infect mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. A total of 1933 nonredundant peptides belonging to 1282 proteins were identified and analyzed. Among them, 79 staphylococcal peptides from phages were confirmed. These peptides belong to proteins such as phage repressors, structural phage proteins, uncharacterized phage proteins and complement inhibitors. Moreover, eighteen of the phage origin peptides found were specific to S. aureus strains. These diagnostic peptides could be useful for the identification and characterization of S. aureus strains that cause mastitis. Furthermore, a study of bacteriophage phylogeny and the relationship among the identified phage peptides and the bacteria they infect was also performed. The results show the specific peptides that are present in closely related phages and the existing links between bacteriophage phylogeny and the respective Staphylococcus spp. infected.

scholarly journals Jumbo Phages: A Comparative Genomic Overview of Core Functions and Adaptions for Biological Conflicts

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayan M. Iyer ◽  
Vivek Anantharaman ◽  
Arunkumar Krishnan ◽  
A. Maxwell Burroughs ◽  
L. Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Rna Repair ◽  
Cellular Life ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Comparative Genomics Analysis ◽  
Phage Proteins ◽  
Novel Protein

Jumbo phages have attracted much attention by virtue of their extraordinary genome size and unusual aspects of biology. By performing a comparative genomics analysis of 224 jumbo phages, we suggest an objective inclusion criterion based on genome size distributions and present a synthetic overview of their manifold adaptations across major biological systems. By means of clustering and principal component analysis of the phyletic patterns of conserved genes, all known jumbo phages can be classified into three higher-order groups, which include both myoviral and siphoviral morphologies indicating multiple independent origins from smaller predecessors. Our study uncovers several under-appreciated or unreported aspects of the DNA replication, recombination, transcription and virion maturation systems. Leveraging sensitive sequence analysis methods, we identify novel protein-modifying enzymes that might help hijack the host-machinery. Focusing on host–virus conflicts, we detect strategies used to counter different wings of the bacterial immune system, such as cyclic nucleotide- and NAD+-dependent effector-activation, and prevention of superinfection during pseudolysogeny. We reconstruct the RNA-repair systems of jumbo phages that counter the consequences of RNA-targeting host effectors. These findings also suggest that several jumbo phage proteins provide a snapshot of the systems found in ancient replicons preceding the last universal ancestor of cellular life.

Deviations from Ultrametricity in Phage Protein Distances

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Chad Wagner ◽  
Anna Salamon ◽  
Robert A. Edwards ◽  
Forest Rohwer ◽  
Peter Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Databases ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Phage Protein ◽  
Phage Proteins ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Distances in biological databases are known not to be ultrametric. Deviations from ultrametricity can however reveal useful features of biodata. In the present study we examine deviations from ultrametricity of the distances between known phage proteins quantified in two senses: (1) the failure of triangles to be isosceles and (2) failure of every point to be the center of any sphere in which it resides. The deviations from these two ultrametric properties undergo qualitative changes as a function of the distance. Below we describe these changes and how they can be observed. We further argue that the distances at which the qualitative changes take place reveal intrinsic scales in the dataset. Such scales are important for choosing threshold values of the distance in various algorithms and reveal natural chunking of the data that can be used to decide clade levels in phage phylogeny.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-encoded shiga toxin gene in atypical bacterial host

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Casas ◽  
Gerico Sobrepeña ◽  
Beltran Rodriguez-Mueller ◽  
Justine AhTye ◽  
Stanley R Maloy
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Bacterial Host

Immunopathological mechanisms in bacterial-host interactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 303 (1114) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Group A ◽  
Specific Tissue

The ability of bacteria to cause immunopathological damage in the host may take a variety of forms. These pathways may be conveniently grouped under three major headings: (1) organisms that can cause damage via shared antigenic determinants between host and bacterium; (2) those organisms that suppress the host’s response; and (3) organisms that release substances with specific biological properties or have receptors for specific tissue sites. The group A streptococcus is among the most versatile of these bacteria because it appears that it may use all three pathways in various streptococcal-related disease states. In rheumatic fever and chorea it appears that cross-reactive antigens play a major role in inducing immunopathological damage in that there is both a heightened humoral and cellular reaction by the host to these cross-reactive determinants. Recent evidence also indicates that rheumatic fever individuals express certain B cell antigens that may be associated with susceptibility to the disease. In the other complications of streptococcal infections, namely poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, the bacterium uses both suppression of the host’s immune response and the excretion of a particular protein common to all nephritis-associated strains to achieve its immunopathological damage. In this context, other examples of bacterial-host interactions will be discussed as evidence for the common pathways used by microbes to cause immunopathological damage in the host.

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