Microbial Growth with Multiple Stressors

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Joan L. Slonczewski ◽  
James A. Coker ◽  
Shiladitya DasSarma
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Multiple Stressors

scholarly journals Resilience to multiple stressors in an aquatic plant and its microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. O’Brien ◽  
Zhu Hao Yu ◽  
Dian-ya Luo ◽  
Jason Laurich ◽  
Elodie Passeport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
Conditional Effects ◽  
The Common

AbstractPremiseEnvironments are changing rapidly, and outcomes of species interactions, especially mutualisms, are notoriously dependent on the environment. A growing number of studies have investigated responses of mutualisms to anthropogenic changes, yet most studies have focused on nutrient pollution or climate change, and tested single stressors. Relatively little is known about impacts of simultaneous chemical contaminants, which may differ fundamentally from nutrient or climate stressors, and are especially widespread in aquatic habitats.MethodsWe investigated the impacts of two common contaminants on interactions between the common duckweed Lemna minor and its microbiome. Sodium chloride (salt) and benzotriazole (a corrosion inhibitor) negatively affect aquatic organisms individually, yet commonly co-occur in runoff to duckweed-inhabited sites. We tested three L. minor genotypes with and without the culturable portion of their microbiome across field realistic gradients of salt (3 levels) and benzotriazole (4 levels) in a fully factorial experiment (72 treatments), and measured plant and microbial growth.Key ResultsWe found that stressors had conditional effects. Salt decreased both plant and microbial growth, but decreased plant survival more as benzotriazole concentrations increased. In contrast, benzotriazole did not affect microbial abundance, and benefited plants when salt and microbes were absent, perhaps due to the biotrans-formation we observed without salt. Microbes did not ameliorate duckweed stressors, as microbial inoculation increased plant growth, but not at high salt concentrations.ConclusionsOur results suggest that multistressor effects matter when predicting responses of mutualisms to global change, but that mutualisms may not buffer organisms from stressors.

scholarly journals A common contaminant shifts impacts of climate change on a plant-microbe mutualism: effects of temperature, CO2 and leachate from tire wear particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. O’Brien ◽  
Tiago F. Lins ◽  
Yamin Yang ◽  
Megan E. Frederickson ◽  
David Sinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Growth Correlations ◽  
Tire Leachate

AbstractAnthropogenic stressors, such as climate change or chemical pollution, affect individual species and alter species interactions. Moreover, species interactions can modify effects of anthropogenic stressors on interacting species - a process which may vary amongst stressors or stressor combinations. Most ecotoxicological work focuses on single stressors on single species. Here, we test hypotheses about multiple stressors (climate change and tire wear particles) and interacting species, and whether species interactions modify responses. We use duckweed and its microbiome to model responses of plant-microbe interactions. Climate change is occurring globally, and with increasing urbanization, tire wear particles increasingly contaminate road runoff. Their leachate is associated with zinc, PAHs, plastic additives, and other toxic compounds. We crossed perpendicular gradients of temperature and CO2 in a well plate with factorial manipulation of leachate from tire wear particles and presence of duckweed microbiomes. We measured duckweed and microbial growth, duckweed greenness, and plant-microbe growth correlations. We found that tire leachate and warmer temperatures enhanced duckweed and microbial growth, but microbes diminished positive responses in duck-weed, meaning microbiomes became costly for duckweed. These costs of microbiomes were less-than-additive with warming and leachate, and might be caused by leachate-disrupted endocrine signaling in duckweed. We observed reduced greenness at higher CO2 without tire leachate, suggesting a relative increase in plant nutrient demand, and possibly underlying positive plant-microbe growth correlations in these conditions, as microbes presumably increase nutrient availability. However, with tire leachate, growth correlations were never positive, and shifted negative at lower CO2, further suggesting leachate favors mutualism disruption. In summary, while individual stressors of global change can affect individual species, in ecology we know species interact; and in ecotoxicology, we know stressors interact. Our results demonstrate this complexity: multiple stressors can affect species interactions, and species interactions can alter effects of multiple stressors.

THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vasilenko ◽  
Marina Vasilenko ◽  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Yury Rubanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Optimal Conditions

The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.

The Effectiveness of Methanolic Extracts of Five Plants on Different Salmonella Isolates

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Salmonellosis is known to be one of important issues that affect poultry industry as well as it can affect human health. Recently, multiple challenges are facing the use of natural antibacterial compounds, such as herbal extracts to overcome the massive increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance. Different Salmonella serotypes were recovered throughout examination of diarrheic poultry. These strains showed multidrug resistance by disc diffusion methods also, the resistance genes qnrS and aac (6′)-Ib-cr were detected in S. Enteritidis and S.Typhimurium which isolated from broiler's organs and muscles. The methanolic extracts of five plants (Alhagi maurorum, Conyza dioscoridis, Coriander sativum, Caracuma longa and Cuminum cyminum) were tested for their antibacterial activity against different isolated Salmonella serotypes using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Conyza dioscoridis was the most effective extract retarding microbial growth of Salmonella Enteritidis, while other plant extracts showed variable antimicrobial activity. These results are promising in the way of replacing the antibiotic therapy with natural substances to overcome the multidrug resistance.

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