Race to New Antibiotics Is Slow, Fragmented

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
New Antibiotics

Shortage of New Antibiotics May Help Superbugs Flourish

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (16) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
MICHELE G. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
New Antibiotics

Chiral drugs separation by a new antibiotics-based chiral stationary phase

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunye Liu ◽  
Yanqing Miao ◽  
Yihui Guo ◽  
Yinjuan An ◽  
Yunfang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Chiral Stationary Phase ◽  
Chiral Drugs ◽  
New Antibiotics

Novel Antibiotics from Marine Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1446-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Martis ◽  
G M Doshi ◽  
G V Aggarwal ◽  
P P Shanbhag
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Novel Antibiotics ◽  
Untapped Resource

With the emergence of newer diseases, resistant forms of infectious diseases and multi-drug resistant bacteria, it has become essential to develop novel and more effective antibiotics. Current antibiotics are obtained from terrestrial life or made synthetically from intermediates. The ocean represents virtually untapped resource from which novel antibiotic compounds can be discovered. It is the marine world that will provide the pharmaceutical industry with the next generation of antibiotics. Marine antibiotics are antibiotics obtained from marine organisms. Scientists have reported the discovery of various antibiotics from marine bacteria (aplasmomycin, himalomycins, and pelagiomycins), sponges (Ara C, variabillin, strobilin, ircinin-1, aeroplysin, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetamide), coelenterates (asperidol and eunicin), mollusks (laurinterol and pachydictyol), tunicates (geranylhydroquinone and cystadytins), algae (cycloeudesmol, aeroplysinin-1(+), prepacifenol and tetrabromoheptanone), worms (tholepin and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybezaldehyde), and actinomycetes (marinomycins C and D). This indicates that the marine environment, representing approximately half of the global diversity, is an enormous resource for new antibiotics and this source needs to be explored for the discovery of new generation antibiotics. The present article provides an overview of various antibiotics obtained from marine sources.

Inorganic Gold and Polymeric Poly(Lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles as Novel Strategies to Ameliorate the Biological Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Casciaro ◽  
Francesca Ghirga ◽  
Deborah Quaglio ◽  
Maria Luisa Mangoni
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
Alternative Antimicrobials ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems ◽  
Infective Activity

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an interesting class of gene-encoded molecules endowed with a broad-spectrum of anti-infective activity and immunomodulatory properties. They represent promising candidates for the development of new antibiotics, mainly due to their membraneperturbing mechanism of action that very rarely induces microbial resistance. However, bringing AMPs into the clinical field is hampered by some intrinsic limitations, encompassing low peptide bioavailability at the target site and high peptide susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. In this regard, nanotechnologies represent an innovative strategy to circumvent these issues. According to the literature, a large variety of nanoparticulate systems have been employed for drug-delivery, bioimaging, biosensors or nanoantibiotics. The possibility of conjugating different types of molecules, including AMPs, to these systems, allows the production of nanoformulations able to enhance the biological profile of the compound while reducing its cytotoxicity and prolonging its residence time. In this minireview, inorganic gold nanoparticles (NPs) and biodegradable polymeric NPs made of poly(lactide-coglycolide) are described with particular emphasis on examples of the conjugation of AMPs to them, to highlight the great potential of such nanoformulations as alternative antimicrobials.

The Research of New Inhibitors of Bacterial Methionine Aminopeptidase by Structure Based Virtual Screening Approach of ZINC DATABASE and In Vitro Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Boucherit ◽  
Abdelouahab Chikhi ◽  
Abderrahmane Bensegueni ◽  
Amina Merzoug ◽  
Jean-Michel Bolla
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Methionine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Zinc Database ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Background: The great emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains and the low renewal of antibiotics molecules are leading human and veterinary medicine to certain therapeutic impasses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic alternatives including new molecules in the current treatments of infectious diseases. Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a promising target for developing new antibiotics because it is essential for bacterial survival. Objective: To screen for potential MetAP inhibitors by in silico virtual screening of the ZINC database and evaluate the best potential lead molecules by in vitro studies. Methods: We have considered 200,000 compounds from the ZINC database for virtual screening with FlexX software to identify potential inhibitors against bacterial MetAP. Nine chemical compounds of the top hits predicted were purchased and evaluated in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of each inhibitor of MetAP was tested by the disc-diffusion assay against one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Among the studied compounds, compounds ZINC04785369 and ZINC03307916 showed promising antibacterial activity. To further characterize their efficacy, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for each compound by the microdilution method which showed significant results. Results: These results suggest compounds ZINC04785369 and ZINC03307916 as promising molecules for developing MetAP inhibitors. Conclusion: Furthermore, they could therefore serve as lead molecules for further chemical modifications to obtain clinically useful antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Stewardship: Development and Pilot of an Organisational Peer-to-Peer Review Tool to Improve Service Provision in Line with National Guidance

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Olaolu Oloyede ◽  
Emma Cramp ◽  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
New Antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a considerable threat to global public health due to the persistent inappropriate use of antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are essential in reducing the growth and spread of antibiotic resistance, in an environment which lacks incentives for the development of new antibiotics. Over the years, a variety of resources have been developed to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship. However, the differences in resources available present a challenge for organisations/teams to establish the best resources to utilise for service provision. A peer review tool was formulated using four national documents on AMS and tested through three phases with feedback. A survey method was used to collect feedback on the validity, feasibility, and impact of the AMS peer review tool. Feedback received was positive from the earlier pilots. The tool was found to be useful at identifying areas of good practice and gaps in antimicrobial stewardship across various pilot sites. Feedback suggests the tool is useful for promoting improvements to AMS programs and highlights that the content and features of the tool are appropriate for evaluating stewardship.

scholarly journals 833. Characteristics and Utilization Patterns of Colistin Compared with Newer Agents in Gram-Negative Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S457-S457
Author(s):  
Stephen Marcella ◽  
Casey Doremus ◽  
Roger Echols
Keyword(s):  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Total Hospital Cost ◽  
Healthcare Database ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Utilization Patterns

Abstract Background Colistin has resurfaced in light of Gram-negative (GN) resistance. New antibiotics to treat antibiotic resistant GN infections (eg, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam [new agents]), have recently been approved but their use vs colistin is unclear. We compared the overall use of colistin and new agents from 2014 to 2018 in patient days on therapy (PDOT). Methods Data on non-cystic fibrosis patients from the Premier Healthcare Database was used. PDOT was tabulated quarterly for Premier hospitals and projected to the US population. A subset of data from 2016 to 2018 with microbiologically confirmed GN (MCGN) infections was selected for adult inpatients receiving ≥3 days of therapy with colistin, new agents, carbapenems, or extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The index infection was defined either as the first carbapenem-resistant (CR) or -sensitive infection if no CR infection occurred. Patients could be treated with ≥1 antibiotic per infection. Utilization was examined by pathogen and patient characteristics. Results PDOT with colistin decreased from 2015 to 2018, while new agents have increased (Figure). During 2015–2018, colistin and any of 3 new agents were used by 3,320 and 5,781 inpatients, respectively, of whom, 649 (20%) and 1,284 (22%) had MCGN pathogens. Colistin-treated patients were sicker than patients treated with new agents (Table), underlying renal disease was present in 34.5% vs 36.3 %, and median length of stay of 17 vs 15 days, respectively. Mean total hospital cost was $93,815 vs $84,013 for colistin and new agents, respectively. Mortality was greater in colistin patients (18% vs 12%; p< 0.0001). CR infections constituted similar proportions of colistin and new agent use (79% vs 75%). Colistin accounted for 15.2% of CR Acinetobacter treatments and 9.7% of CR Enterobacterales (CRE) treatments compared with 4.5% and 12.8%, respectively, for new agents. Figure. Projected Inpatient PDOT Table. Conclusion Colistin use has decreased simultaneously with the introduction and increased use of new agents in the USA. Colistin was used more frequently in sicker patients and for Acinetobacter spp. infections than for CRE infections. Patients on colistin have worse outcomes, probably due to baseline differences in their health status. Disclosures Stephen Marcella, MD, Shionogi Inc. (Employee) Casey Doremus, MS, Shionogi Inc. (Employee) Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi Inc. (Consultant)

scholarly journals 1346. Implementation of a Multidisciplinary 48 Hour Antibiotic Timeout in a Pediatric Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S684-S684
Author(s):  
Victoria Konold ◽  
Palak Bhagat ◽  
Jennifer Pisano ◽  
Natasha N Pettit ◽  
Anish Choksi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Empirical Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To meet the core elements required for antimicrobial stewardship programs, our institution implemented a pharmacy-led antibiotic timeout (ATO) process in 2017 and a multidisciplinary ATO process in 2019. An antibiotic timeout is a discussion and review of the need for ongoing empirical antibiotics 2-4 days after initiation. This study sought to evaluate both the multidisciplinary ATO and the pharmacy-led ATO in a pediatric population, compare the impact of each intervention on antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) to a pre-intervention group without an ATO, and to then compare the impact of the pharmacy-led ATO versus multidisciplinary ATO on antibiotic days of therapy (DOT). Methods This was a retrospective, pre-post, quasi-experimental study of pediatric patients comparing antibiotic DOT prior to ATO implementation (pre-ATO), during the pharmacy-led ATO (pharm-ATO), and during the multidisciplinary ATO (multi-ATO). The pre-ATO group was a patient sample from February-September 2016, prior to the initiation of a formal ATO. The pharmacy-led ATO was implemented from February-September 2018. This was followed by a multidisciplinary ATO led by pediatric residents and nurses from February-September 2019. Both the pharm-ATO and the multi-ATO were implemented as an active non-interruptive alert added to the electronic health record patient list. This alert triggered when new antibiotics had been administered to the patient for 48 hours, at which time, the responsible clinician would discuss the antibiotic and document their decision via the alert workspace. Pediatric patients receiving IV or PO antibiotics administered for at least 48 hours were included. The primary outcome was DOT. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and mortality. Results 1284 unique antibiotic orders (n= 572 patients) were reviewed in the pre-ATO group, 868 (n= 323 patients) in the pharm-ATO and 949 (n= 305 patients) in the multi-ATO groups. Average DOT was not significantly different pre vs post intervention for either methodology (Table 1). Mortality was similar between groups, but LOS was longer for both intervention groups (Table 1). Impact of an ATO on DOT, Mortality and LOS Conclusion An ATO had no impact on average antibiotic DOT in a pediatric population, regardless of the ATO methodology. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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