scholarly journals Methylation and rearrangement of mouse intracisternal a particle genes in development, aging, and myeloma.

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1371-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Mays-Hoopes ◽  
A Brown ◽  
R C Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Double Digestion ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle

Sequences of DNA that hybridize on Southern blots with cloned intracisternal A-particle (IAP) sequences have been examined in genomic DNAs of neonatal mice, livers of adult mice (3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 26 months old), and the solid myeloma tumor MOPC-315. The isoschizomers HpaII (CCGG or mCCGG) and MspI (CCGG or CmCGG) were used to assess methylation. All the DNAs produced a major 0.5-kilobase MspI fragment that hybridizes with IAP probe. Only the myeloma DNA, and to a much lesser degree DNA from senescent mouse liver, produced this fragment in HpaII digest; the other DNAs all had IAP sequences resistant to HpaII digestion. These sequences thus become fully methylated to CmCGG early and remain so in adult life, except in the myeloma cells that are expressing the IAP genes. An increase in MspI-sensitive sites in IAP gene-containing DNA was observed in aging mice. The probe used to assess methylation, a 0.8-kilobase fragment produced by BamHI-HindIII double digestion, is common to several cloned IAP genes and is part of a region of DNA which is conserved in genomes of all mouse tissues. The probe hybridized to 1.5- and 1.4-kilobase doublet bands produced by BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI triple digestions of neonatal DNA. These two bands were found in neonatal livers of Swiss Webster, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J mouse strains, showed less in adult liver, and were barely detectable in senescent livers from C57BL/6J mice.

Methylation and rearrangement of mouse intracisternal a particle genes in development, aging, and myeloma

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1371-1380
Author(s):  
L L Mays-Hoopes ◽  
A Brown ◽  
R C Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Double Digestion ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle

Sequences of DNA that hybridize on Southern blots with cloned intracisternal A-particle (IAP) sequences have been examined in genomic DNAs of neonatal mice, livers of adult mice (3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 26 months old), and the solid myeloma tumor MOPC-315. The isoschizomers HpaII (CCGG or mCCGG) and MspI (CCGG or CmCGG) were used to assess methylation. All the DNAs produced a major 0.5-kilobase MspI fragment that hybridizes with IAP probe. Only the myeloma DNA, and to a much lesser degree DNA from senescent mouse liver, produced this fragment in HpaII digest; the other DNAs all had IAP sequences resistant to HpaII digestion. These sequences thus become fully methylated to CmCGG early and remain so in adult life, except in the myeloma cells that are expressing the IAP genes. An increase in MspI-sensitive sites in IAP gene-containing DNA was observed in aging mice. The probe used to assess methylation, a 0.8-kilobase fragment produced by BamHI-HindIII double digestion, is common to several cloned IAP genes and is part of a region of DNA which is conserved in genomes of all mouse tissues. The probe hybridized to 1.5- and 1.4-kilobase doublet bands produced by BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI triple digestions of neonatal DNA. These two bands were found in neonatal livers of Swiss Webster, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J mouse strains, showed less in adult liver, and were barely detectable in senescent livers from C57BL/6J mice.

scholarly journals c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mouse tissues: structural features, developmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Propst ◽  
M P Rosenberg ◽  
A Iyer ◽  
K Kaul ◽  
G F Vande Woude
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Gonadal Tissue ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mouse Tissues

c-mos RNA transcripts have been previously detected in mouse gonadal tissue and in late-term embryos. Here, we show that they are also present at low levels in placenta and in adult mouse brain, kidney, mammary gland, and epididymis. Marked differences are observed in the size of the mos RNA transcripts detected in different tissues. All transcripts appear to end at the same 3' position, and the tissue-specific size variations appear to be due to the use of different promoters. For example, the testicular and ovarian RNA transcripts initiate approximately 280 and approximately 70 base pairs, respectively, upstream from the first initiation codon, but both end at a common site downstream from the mos open reading frame. The expression of mos is developmentally regulated in gonadal tissue. Thus, the level of mos transcripts in testes is low for the first 3 weeks after birth, increases at least 10-fold around day 25, and reaches adult levels by day 30. In contrast, ovaries from preweaning mice contain a higher level of mos mRNA compared to ovaries from adult mice. In cell fractionation experiments we show that mos transcripts are present in haploid germ cells. We find that these transcripts are associated with monosomes and polysomes. The peculiar pattern of mos expression in mouse gonadal tissue suggests a role for the c-mos proto-oncogene in germ cell differentiation.

scholarly journals The kinetics of T cell antigen receptor expression by subgroups of CD4+8+ thymocytes: delineation of CD4+8+3(2+) thymocytes as post-selection intermediates leading to mature T cells.

1991 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Shortman ◽  
D Vremec ◽  
M Egerton
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Selection For

Cortical thymocytes from adult mice, separated on the basis of coexpression of CD4 and CD8 or of binding of high levels of peanut agglutinin (PNA), were subdivided according to the level of expression of the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex. The incidence of dividing cells in the resultant subpopulations was determined by DNA staining. Precursor-product relationships and the timing of TCR-CD3 acquisition were studied using continuous in vivo [3H]TdR labeling and radioautography. The extent of intrathymic selection for TCR specificity in the subpopulations was determined from the incidence of cells bearing V beta 6 or V beta 17a in different mouse strains. The majority of dividing CD4+8+ blast cells expressed extremely low levels of TCR-CD3, indicating that TCR expression and specificity selection generally occurred after division ceased. The [3H]TdR-labeling studies indicated that postdivision TCR expression was rapid, and that those nondividing cortical thymocytes which had not expressed significant levels of TCR by day 1, remained extremely low or negative for their entire 3.6-d lifespan. Small cortical thymocytes which expressed moderate levels of TCR-CD3, were predominantly an unselected population with a lifespan of 3.8 d. A small subgroup of CD4+8+ PNA+ cortical thymocytes expressing high levels of TCR-CD3 was identified as a nondividing intermediate between the small cortical thymocytes expressing moderate levels of TCR and mature medullary thymocytes. These intermediates showed a 1-d lag in [3H]TdR labeling, then a 3.4-d transit time. The cell flux through this intermediate subpopulation was approximately 10(6) cells/d, similar to the rate of turnover of mature thymocytes; thus, although only 3-4% of thymocytes progressed to this intermediate state, once reaching it most then progressed to full maturity. In accordance with this, the incidence of the V beta selection markers within the intermediate subpopulation indicated that both positive and negative selection had already occurred. Selection for TCR specificity in the systems studied appeared to take place among CD4+8+ thymocytes expressing intermediate levels of TCR.

scholarly journals Characterization of mouse liver α-l-fucosidase. Demonstration of unusual basic isoelectric forms of the enzyme that appear to be developmentally regulated

1985 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Laury-Kleintop ◽  
I Damjanov ◽  
J A Alhadeff
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Neuraminidase Treatment ◽  
Mouse Tissues

Mouse tissues contain unusual basic isoelectric forms of α-L-fucosidase (with approximate isoelectric points of 8.3 and 9.0) in addition to the usual acidic and neutral forms previously described in tissues of other species. These unusual forms are very prominent in placenta and foetal tissues and comprise approx, 50-80% of total activity up to 11 days of postnatal development. By 15 days of postnatal development, the basic forms are diminished in amount and comprise not more than 25% of total activity. Neuraminidase treatment of adult mouse liver α-L-fucosidase led to significantly decreased amounts of acidic forms and increased amounts of the basic forms, suggesting that these forms are chemically related at least in part by sialic acid residues. Comparative kinetic studies on mouse liver, human liver and mouse placental α-L-fucosidases indicated that they have the same Km (0.05-0.06 mM) for 4-methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside but different pH optima and thermostability properties. Mouse liver α-L-fucosidase has one pH optimum (5.5) and an acidic shoulder (centred around pH 4.0) compared with two distinct optima (4.3 and 6.8) for the human liver enzyme. Mouse placental α-L-fucosidase has a pH-activity curve comparable with that of the mouse liver enzyme except that the acidic shoulder is absent. Mouse liver α-L-fucosidase is considerably more thermolabile after preincubation at 50 degrees C than are the human liver and mouse placental enzymes, which gave similar thermodenaturation curves. Immunochemical studies indicated that mouse and human α-L-fucosidases are dissimilar antigenically but exhibit some cross-reactivity. The IgG fraction of antibody prepared in goat against human liver α-L-fucosidase was ineffective by itself in immunoprecipitating mouse liver α-L-fucosidase, but 63% and 72% of the mouse liver and placental enzymes respectively could be immunoprecipitated in the double-antibody experiments under conditions that immunoprecipitated 92% of the human liver enzyme.

scholarly journals Localization of lysosomal acid phosphatase mRNA in mouse tissues.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Geier ◽  
J Kreysing ◽  
H Boettcher ◽  
R Pohlmann ◽  
K von Figura
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Lysosomal Acid ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Major Species

We studied the expression of lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) in mouse by hybridizing Northern blots and tissue sections with the mouse LAP cDNA. Three mRNA species of 2.3, 3.2 and 5.2 KB were identified, which differ in the length of their 3' untranslated region (UTR). The 3.2 KB mRNA is expressed in equal amounts in all tissues and represents the major species in most tissues, whereas the amounts of the 2.3 and 5.2 KB species differ. In situ hybridization of different tissues of adult mice showed a uniform expression of LAP, as expected for a housekeeping gene, except in testis and brain. In testis we found an increase in the LAP mRNA level in spermatocytes. By Northern blot analysis of young mouse testis, this increase could be attributed to late pachytene primary spermatocytes or secondary spermatocytes. In brain tissue the neurons were predominantly labeled, especially the Purkinje and pyramidal cells, whereas glial cells expressed only low amounts of LAP mRNA. Very high LAP expression was also found in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Analysis of LAP expression during mouse embryonic development between Days 9.5 and 17.5 revealed a prominent expression relative to other tissues in the neural tube from Day 9.5 to Day 13.5.

Tissue specificity of renin promoter activity and regulation in mice

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. E644-E650
Author(s):  
M. Paul ◽  
D. W. Burt ◽  
J. E. Krieger ◽  
N. Nakamura ◽  
V. J. Dzau
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Tissue Specific Promoter ◽  
Renin Gene ◽  
Promoter Usage ◽  
Transcriptional Start Sites ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Identical Fashion

Certain mouse strains (e.g., DBA/2) contain two renin genes (termed Ren-1 and Ren-2) and express higher renin levels in nonkidney tissues than strains with a single renin gene. The 5'-flanking regions of the Ren-1 and Ren-2 genes contain several TATA boxes preceding putative transcriptional start sites. These initiators are termed P1a, P1, P2 (from 5' to 3'), and their function (with the exception of P2) is largely unknown. In this study, we mapped the renin transcriptional start sites in renal and extrarenal tissues [adrenal, brain, testis, heart, and submandibular gland (SMG)] and examined the effect of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on tissue specific promoter usage. Our results showed that, in the unstimulated state, P2 (the predicted initiator) is active in all DBA/2 mouse tissues. Additional transcriptional start sites were detected in the adrenal and testis (originated by P1a and P2) and the SMG (originated by P1a, P1, and P2). The administration of 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate led to selective stimulation of P1a in the adrenal but did not affect the selective usage of initiation sites in other organs. A locus-specific ddNTP primer extension assay was used to verify which renin gene is induced by cAMP. Results indicated that both Ren-1 and Ren-2 responded to cAMP treatment in identical fashion. Taken together, these data indicate that more than one form of renin transcript is present in several mouse tissues. There is tissue specificity in promoter usage in the unstimulated state and in response to cAMP.

scholarly journals Genetic neuroscience of mammalian learning and memory

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1432) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Tonegawa ◽  
Kazu Nakazawa ◽  
Matthew A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Primary Research Interest

Our primary research interest is to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms on neuronal circuitry underlying the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of hippocampus-dependent memory in rodents. We study these problems by producing genetically engineered (i.e. spatially targeted and/or temporally restricted) mice and analysing these mice by multifaceted methods including molecular and cellular biology, in vitro and in vivo physiology and behavioural studies. We attempt to identify deficits at each of the multiple levels of complexity in specific brain areas or cell types and deduce those deficits that underlie specific learning or memory. We will review our recent studies on the acquisition, consolidation and recall of memories that have been conducted with mouse strains in which genetic manipulations were targeted to specific types of cells in the hippocampus or forebrain of young adult mice.

scholarly journals Ketamine exposure in adult mice leads to increased cell death in C3H, DBA2 and FVB inbred mouse strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalon R. Majewski-Tiedeken ◽  
Cara R. Rabin ◽  
Steven J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Adult Mice

scholarly journals De-silencing Grb10 contributes to acute ER stress-induced steatosis in mouse liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Luo ◽  
Wanxiang Jiang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jicheng Bu ◽  
Ping Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Protein Response

The growth factor receptor bound protein GRB10 is an imprinted gene product and a key negative regulator of the insulin, IGF1 and mTORC1 signaling pathways. GRB10 is highly expressed in mouse fetal liver but almost completely silenced in adult mice, suggesting a potential detrimental role of this protein in adult liver function. Here we show that the Grb10 gene could be reactivated in adult mouse liver by acute endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) such as tunicamycin or a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) challenge, concurrently with increased unfolded protein response (UPR) and hepatosteatosis. Lipogenic gene expression and acute ER stress-induced hepatosteatosis were significantly suppressed in the liver of the liver-specific GRB10 knockout mice, uncovering a key role of Grb10 reactivation in acute ER stress-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation. Mechanically, acute ER stress induces Grb10 reactivation via an ATF4-mediated increase in Grb10 gene transcription. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the silenced Grb10 gene can be reactivated by acute ER stress and its reactivation plays an important role in the early development of hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF MOUSE POLYOMA VIRUS INFECTION

1959 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace P. Rowe ◽  
Janet W. Hartley ◽  
Lloyd W. Law ◽  
Robert J. Huebner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Polyoma Virus ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Adult Mice

Eight mouse colonies were surveyed for prevalence of antibody to mouse polyoma virus. Frequency of HI antibody varied from 0 to 84 per cent in adult mice in different colonies. Antibody was infrequent in mice less than 3 months of age, and increased in frequency with age. There was no evidence that infection was specific for particular mouse strains. The highest frequency of infection was found in colonies in which breeding mice are housed in proximity to mice inoculated with polyoma virus or passage tumors, and within an infected colony, the incidence of infection was greatest in rooms housing mice inoculated with polyoma virus. Mice from a colony free of antibody became infected when held in room or cage contact with virus-inoculated mice, but at very low rates except in mothers of inoculated litters. These results were interpreted as indicating that artificial contamination of the environment is an important factor in determining the prevalence of infection in the colonies observed. There was no correlation between polyoma infection and spontaneous leukemia in AK. mice.

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