scholarly journals Evaluation of the Elecsys Chagas Assay for Detection ofTrypanosoma cruzi-Specific Antibodies in a Multicenter Study in Europe and Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Delmans Flores-Chavez ◽  
Vittorio Sambri ◽  
Volkmar Schottstedt ◽  
Fernando Aparicio Higuera-Escalante ◽  
Dieter Roessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTSerology is the preferred method to confirm a Chagas disease diagnosis and to screen blood donors. A battery of assays is often required due to the limited accuracy of single assays. The Elecsys Chagas assay is a newly developed, double-antigen sandwich assay for use on the Elecsys and cobas e immunoassay analyzers, intended to identify individuals infected withTrypanosoma cruzi, for diagnosis and screening. The performance of the Elecsys Chagas assay was evaluated in comparison with those of other widely usedT. cruziantibody assays, at multiple sites (Europe/Latin America). Relative sensitivity and specificity were assessed by using samples from blood donors, pregnant women, and hospitalized patients from regions where Chagas disease is endemic and from regions of nonendemicity. The Elecsys Chagas assay had an overall relative sensitivity of 100% (n= 674). Overall relative specificities were 99.90% (n= 14,681), 100% (n= 313), and 100% (n= 517) for samples from blood donors, pregnant women, and hospitalized patients, respectively. The analytical specificity was 99.83% (n= 594). The Elecsys Chagas assay detectedT. cruziantibodies in two World Health Organization (WHO) standardT. cruzireference panels (panels 09/188 and 09/186) at a 1:512 dilution, corresponding to a cutoff sensitivity of approximately 1 mIU/ml. The Elecsys Chagas assay demonstrated robust performance under routine conditions at multiple sites in Europe and Latin America. In contrast to other available Chagas assays, the Elecsys assay uses a reduced number of recombinantT. cruziantigens, resulting in a significantly smaller number of cross-reactions and improved analytical specificity while being highly sensitive.

scholarly journals Towards a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Chronic Chagas Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Viotti ◽  
B. Alarcón de Noya ◽  
T. Araujo-Jorge ◽  
M. J. Grijalva ◽  
F. Guhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

ABSTRACTTreatment for Chagas disease with currently available medications is recommended universally only for acute cases (all ages) and for children up to 14 years old. The World Health Organization, however, also recommends specific antiparasite treatment for all chronic-phaseTrypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals, even though in current medical practice this remains controversial, and most physicians only prescribe palliative treatment for adult Chagas patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The present opinion, prepared by members of the NHEPACHA network (Nuevas Herramientas para el Diagnóstico y la Evaluación del Paciente con Enfermedad de Chagas/New Tools for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Chagas Disease Patients), reviews the paradigm shift based on clinical and immunological evidence and argues in favor of antiparasitic treatment for all chronic patients. We review the tools needed to monitor therapeutic efficacy and the potential criteria for evaluation of treatment efficacy beyond parasitological cure. Etiological treatment should now be mandatory for all adult chronic Chagas disease patients.

scholarly journals Toward the Development of a Circulating Free DNA-BasedIn VitroDiagnostic Test for Infectious Diseases: a Review of Evidence for Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Leticia Fernández-Carballo ◽  
Tobias Broger ◽  
Romain Wyss ◽  
Niaz Banaei ◽  
Claudia M. Denkinger
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Circulating Free Dna ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTThe detection of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has transformed the field of oncology and prenatal diagnostics. Clinical application of cfDNA for disease diagnosis and monitoring, however, is relatively recent in the field of infectious disease. The potential of cfDNA as a noninvasive diagnostic and monitoring tool is especially promising for tuberculosis (TB), as it enables the detection of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB from easily accessible urine and/or blood samples from any age group. However, despite the potential of cfDNA detection to identify TB, very few studies are described in the literature to date. A comprehensive search of the literature identified 15 studies that report detectingMycobacterium tuberculosisDNA in the blood and urine of TB patients with nongenitourinary disease, but in only six of them were the methodological steps considered suitable for cfDNA isolation and detection. The sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases reported in these six studies are highly variable, falling in the range of 29% to 79% and 67% to 100%, respectively. While most studies could not meet the performance requirements of the high-priority target product profiles (TPP) published by the World Health Organization (WHO), the study results nonetheless show promise for a point-of-care detection assay. Better designed prospective studies, using appropriate samples, will be required to validate cfDNA as a TB biomarker.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CHAGAS DISEASE AMONG BLOOD DONOR CANDIDATES IN TRIANGULO MINEIRO, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia da Silva LOPES ◽  
Eliezer Lucas Pires RAMOS ◽  
César GÓMEZ-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Gabriela Lícia Santos FERREIRA ◽  
Karine REZENDE-OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Despite public health campaigns and epidemiological surveillance activities, Chagas disease remains a major health problem in Latin America. According to data from the World Health Organization, there are approximately 7-8 million people infected with Trypanosoma cruzi worldwide, a large percentage of which in Latin America. This study aims to examine the serological profile of blood donors in blood banks of Hemominas hematology center, in the town of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study sample consisted of 53,941 blood donors, which were grouped according to gender and age. Sample collections were performed from January 1991 to December 2011, and 277 donors (0.5%) were considered serologically ineligible due to Chagas disease. Analysis of data showed no significant difference between genders. As for age, the highest proportion of ineligible donors was from 40 to 49 years (30%), and there was a positive correlation between increasing age and the percentage of patients seropositive for Chagas disease. Therefore, adopting strategies that allow the safe identification of donors with positive serology for Chagas disease is essential to reduce or eliminate indeterminate serological results.

Latin America's poor will be worst hit by obesity

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Subject Latin America's most serious health challenge -- obesity. Significance The growth of obesity in Latin America has made the issue one of the most important in the region. More than half of the population is overweight to some degree, according to the standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a result, governments have had to take action to address the problem and its effects, which are putting health systems in a state of financial crisis. Impacts Demand for treatment for non-communicable diseases will increase regionwide, placing a strain on health budgets. Increasing pressures on health budgets may encourage further privatisation of services. High revenues make any repeal of Mexico's sugar tax extremely unlikely despite pressure from industry bodies.

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN STATUS EKONOMI DENGAN STATUS GIZI IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirta Anggraini Tirta Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO), maternal nutritional status at the time of growth and during pregnancy can affect fetal growth and development. Based on (IDHS) survey of 2007 AKI Indonesia at 228 per 100,000 live births, although this figure is still the highest in Asia. Social health center in Palembang in 2011 the number of pregnant women with good nutritional status of 67 men (97.1%). factors that influence the nutritional status of pregnant women is the temperature of the environment, economic status, habits and views of women to food, age, education, and health status. The purpose of this study is a known relationship education and economic status with nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester of Social Health Center Palembang in 2012. This study uses analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all third trimester pregnant women who visit the health center Social Palembang in May 2012, with a sample of 30 respondents. Sampling in this study with non-random methods with techniques Accidental Sampling. Data analysis carried out univariate and bivariate statistics with Chi-Square test with significance level α = 0.05. The results showed than 30 respondents there (73.3%) of respondents that good nutritional status, higher education (76.7%), and high economic status (70.0%). The results of this study showed no significant association education and economic status with nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester of Social Health Center Palembang in 2012. From the results of this study, researchers hope to improve the health care workers, especially health services in Antenatal Care services pay more attention to maternal risk of poor nutritional status.   ABSTRAK Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), status gizi ibu hamil pada waktu pertumbuhan dan selama hamil dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Berdasarkan (SDKI) survei terakhir tahun 2007 AKI Indonesia sebesar 228 per 100.000 Kelahiran Hidup, meskipun demikian angka tersebut masih tertinggi di Asia.  Di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang tahun 2011 jumlah ibu hamil yang berstatus gizi baik sebesar 67 orang (97,1%). faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi ibu hamil adalah suhu lingkungan, status ekonomi, kebiasaan dan pandangan wanita terhadap makanan, usia, pendidikan, dan status kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan status gizi ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil trimester III yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang pada bulan Mei tahun 2012, dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan metode non random dengan teknik Accidental Sampling. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 30 responden terdapat (73,3%) responden yang berstatus gizi baik, pendidikan tinggi (76,7%), dan status ekonomi tinggi (70,0%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan status gizi ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas Sosial Palembang tahun 2012. Dari hasil penelitian ini, peneliti berharap petugas pelayanan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terutama dalam pelayanan Antenatal Care lebih memperhatikan kehamilan ibu yang berisiko status gizi buruk.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN PEKERJAAN IBU HAMIL DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN KEHAMILAN DI PUSKESMAS MARIANA KECAMATAN BANYUASIN I KABUPATEN BANYUASIN TAHUN 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leny Leny
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Prenatal care is health care by health personnel to care the pregnant according to standards. Worlrd Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 500.000 women die during pregnancy or childbirth. Maternal mortality in Indonesia is 307 per 100,000 live births. The quantity of pregnant women’s visit in Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2009 of 89.1%. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between education and occupation with prenatal care at Puskesmas Mariana  Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2011. This study uses analytic approach survey by Cross Sectional methods, the population are 1.946 pregnant women and the samples as many as 332 people. The results of univariate analysis study of pregnant women who are higher education as much as 45.2%, and  low maternal education as much as 54.8%. In pregnant women who work of 43.4%, and pregnant women who do not work for 56.6%. From the results of bivariate analysis and Chi-Square statistical tests found a significant association between education of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000, and there was a significant association between occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000. Can be concluded that there is a relationship between education and occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care. Expected to health workers to provide counseling on the importance of prenatal care in pregnant women and expected future studies may explore again the factors associated with prenatal care with the different variables.   ABSTRAK Pemeriksaan kehamilan adalah pelayanan kesehatan oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk memeriksakan ibu hamil sesuai standar. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan lebih dari 500.000 ibu pertahunnya meninggal saat hamil atau bersalin. AKI di Indonesia 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Jumlah kunjungan ibu hamil di Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun 2009 sebesar 89,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan di Puskesmas Mariana Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun  2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, populasi ibu hamil dengan jumlah 1.946 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 332 orang. Hasil penelitian Analisa Univariat adalah ibu hamil yang pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 45,2%, dan pendidikan rendah ibu hamil sebanyak 54,8%. Pada variabel pekerjaan ibu hamil yang bekerja sebesar 43,4%, dan ibu hamil yang tidak bekerja sebesar 56,6%. Dari hasil analisa bivariat dan uji statistik Chi-Square  didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan  P Value = 0,000, dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan P Value = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan pada ibu hamil dan diharapkan penelitian yang akan datang dapat menggali lagi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan variabel yang berbeda.

Risk Factor Identification, Classification and Prediction Summary of Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Arulanthu ◽  
Eswaran Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Health Organization

: The medical data has an enormous quantity of information. This data set requires effective classification for accurate prediction. Predicting medical issues is an extremely difficult task in which Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the major unpredictable diseases in medical field. Perhaps certain medical experts do not have identical awareness and skill to solve the issues of their patients. Most of the medical experts may have underprivileged results on disease diagnosis of their patients. Sometimes patients may lose their life in nature. As per the Global Burden of Disease (GBD-2015) study, death by CKD was ranked 17th place and GBD-2010 report 27th among the causes of death globally. Death by CKD is constituted 2·9% of all death between the year 2010 and 2013 among people from 15 to 69 age. As per World Health Organization (WHO-2005) report, 58 million people expired by CKD. Hence, this article presents the state of art review on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) classification and prediction. Normally, advanced data mining techniques, fuzzy and machine learning algorithms are used to classify medical data and disease diagnosis. This study reviews and summarizes many classification techniques and disease diagnosis methods presented earlier. The main intention of this review is to point out and address some of the issues and complications of the existing methods. It is also attempts to discuss the limitations and accuracy level of the existing CKD classification and disease diagnosis methods.

scholarly journals Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004–2014)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The growing rates of obesity in developing countries are alarming. There is a paucity of evidence about disparities of obesity in Lesotho. This study examined socioeconomic and area-based inequalities in obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho. Methods Data were extracted from the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS) and analyzed through the recently updated Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) of the World Health Organization. Obesity prevalence was disaggregated by four equity stratifiers, namely education, wealth, residence and sub-national region. For each equity stratifier, simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures were calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance of findings. Results We noticed substantial wealth-driven (D = -21.10, 95% CI; − 25.94, − 16.26), subnational region (PAR = -11.82, 95%CI; − 16.09, − 7.55) and urban-rural (− 9.82, 95% CI; − 13.65, − 5.99) inequalities in obesity prevalence without the inequalities improved over time in all the studied years. However, we did not identify educational inequality in obesity. Conclusions Wealth-driven and geographical inequalities was identified in Lesotho in all the studied time periods while education related inequalities did not appear during the same time period. All population groups in the country need to be reached with interventions to reduce the burden of obesity in the country.

scholarly journals Programme for Harmonization to the International Scale in Latin America for BCR-ABL1 quantification in CML patients: findings and recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2025-2035
Author(s):  
María Sol Ruiz ◽  
María Belén Sánchez ◽  
Yuly Masiel Vera Contreras ◽  
Evangelina Agrielo ◽  
Marta Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Deep Molecular Response ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Time

AbstractObjectivesThe quantitation of BCR-ABL1 mRNA is mandatory for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and RT-qPCR is the most extensively used method in testing laboratories worldwide. Nevertheless, substantial variation in RT-qPCR results makes inter-laboratory comparability hard. To facilitate inter-laboratory comparative assessment, an international scale (IS) for BCR-ABL1 was proposed.MethodsThe laboratory-specific conversion factor (CF) to the IS can be derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) genetic reference panel; however, this material is limited to the manufacturers to produce and calibrate secondary reference reagents. Therefore, we developed secondary reference calibrators, as lyophilized cellular material, aligned to the IS. Our purpose was both to re-evaluate the CF in 18 previously harmonized laboratories and to propagate the IS to new laboratories.ResultsOur field trial including 30 laboratories across Latin America showed that, after correction of raw BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios using CF, the relative mean bias was significantly reduced. We also performed a follow-up of participating laboratories by annually revalidating the process; our results support the need for continuous revalidation of CFs. All participating laboratories also received a calibrator to determine the limit of quantification (LOQ); 90% of them could reproducibly detect BCR-ABL1, indicating that these laboratories can report a consistent deep molecular response. In addition, aiming to investigate the variability of BCR-ABL1 measurements across different RNA inputs, we calculated PCR efficiency for each individual assay by using different amounts of RNA.ConclusionsIn conclusion, for the first time in Latin America, we have successfully organized a harmonization platform for BCR-ABL1 measurement that could be of immediate clinical benefit for monitoring the molecular response of patients in low-resource regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document