scholarly journals Dark Immunofluorescence: Correlation with Serum Immunoglobulin Abnormalities

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1294-1295
Author(s):  
J. List ◽  
M. S. Buckland ◽  
B. Thobhani ◽  
C. J. Sheed ◽  
J. C. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Negative Control Serum

ABSTRACT Occasional serum samples (<0.5%) tested by indirect immunofluorescence showed less fluorescence than did negative-control serum. A retrospective review of these patients' serum immunoglobulins revealed a high percentage of abnormalities (71%, versus 22% of controls). We suggest that this observation should be reported when seen and that the clinician should be alerted to an association with immunoglobulin abnormalities.

scholarly journals Detection of Botulinum Type E Toxin in Channel Catfish with Visceral Toxicosis Syndrome Using Catfish Bioassay and Endopep Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Gaunt ◽  
Suzanne R. Kalb ◽  
John R. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Negative Control Serum ◽  
Exact Quantification ◽  
Positive Controls

Visceral toxicosis of catfish (VTC) is a syndrome characterized by sudden mortality in apparently healthy market- and brooder-sized catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). This paper reports the design of a catfish neutralization assay to detect botulinum in catfish with VTC and verification by Endopep mass spectrometry (Endopep-MS). Sera from 6 affected catfish were incubated with botulinum antitoxin serotypes A, B, C, D, E, or F. For each serum sample, 3 experimental fingerlings were injected intracoelomically with each serotype-serum mixture and placed separately in an aquarium. Three fish were injected with VTC-affected serum only, and 3 fish were injected with unaffected serum only and also placed in separate aquaria. Signs of morbidity and mortality were seen in fish injected with sera combined with serotype A, B, C, or D, as well as in positive controls. No morbidity or mortality was seen in fish injected with sera combined with antitoxin serotypes E or F or negative control serum. Sera from affected and unaffected catfish were sent to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for detection and differentiation of botulinum neurotoxin. Aliquots of 0.5 ml of sera were incubated with magnetic beads coated with antibodies to botulinum, and the beads were subjected to the Endopep-MS reaction. Sera from affected catfish tested positive for botulinum E. Sera from 34 unaffected catfish tested negative for botulinum. Although there was not enough botulinum present in affected samples to obtain exact quantification, the estimated quantity of botulinum E in these sera samples was between 0.01 and 0.5 mouse LD50/ml.

scholarly journals Natural Autoimmunity to the Thyroid Hormone Monocarboxylate Transporters MCT8 and MCT10

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Theresa Porst ◽  
Jörg Johannes ◽  
Hans Gluschke ◽  
Richard Köhler ◽  
Sebastian Mehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporters ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Overweight Adolescents

The monocarboxylate transporters 8 (MCT8) and 10 (MCT10) are important for thyroid hormone (TH) uptake and signaling. Reduced TH activity is associated with impaired development, weight gain and discomfort. We hypothesized that autoantibodies (aAb) to MCT8 or MCT10 are prevalent in thyroid disease and obesity. Analytical tests for MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb were developed and characterized with commercial antiserum. Serum samples from healthy controls, thyroid patients and young overweight subjects were analyzed, and prevalence of the aAb was compared. MCT8-aAb were additionally tested for biological effects on thyroid hormone uptake in cell culture. Positive MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb were detected in all three clinical cohorts analyzed. MCT8-aAb were most prevalent in thyroid patients (11.9%) as compared to healthy controls (3.8%) and overweight adolescents (4.2%). MCT8-aAb positive serum reduced T4 uptake in cell culture in comparison to MCT8-aAb negative control serum. Prevalence of MCT10-aAb was highest in the group of thyroid patients as compared to healthy subjects or overweight adolescents (9.0% versus 4.5% and 6.3%, respectively). We conclude that MCT8 and MCT10 represent autoantigens in humans, and that MCT8-aAb may interfere with regular TH uptake and signaling. The increased prevalence of MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb in thyroid disease suggests that their presence may be of pathophysiological relevance. This hypothesis deserves an analysis in large prospective studies.

scholarly journals Serological signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Implications for antibody-based diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Rosado ◽  
Stéphane Pelleau ◽  
Charlotte Cockram ◽  
Sarah Hélène Merkling ◽  
Narimane Nekkab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Serological Diagnostics

AbstractBackgroundInfection with SARS-CoV-2 induces an antibody response targeting multiple antigens that changes over time. This complexity presents challenges and opportunities for serological diagnostics.MethodsA multiplex serological assay was developed to measure IgG and IgM antibody responses to seven SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleoprotein antigens, two antigens for the nucleoproteins of the 229E and NL63 seasonal coronaviruses, and three non-coronavirus antigens. Antibodies were measured in serum samples from patients in French hospitals with RT-qPCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 259), and negative control serum samples collected before the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (n = 335). A random forests algorithm was trained with the multiplex data to classify individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. A mathematical model of antibody kinetics informed by prior information from other coronaviruses was used to estimate time-varying antibody responses and assess the potential sensitivity and classification performance of serological diagnostics during the first year following symptom onset. A statistical estimator is presented that can provide estimates of seroprevalence in very low transmission settings.ResultsIgG antibody responses to trimeric Spike protein identified individuals with previous RT-qPCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with 91.6% sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI); 87.5%, 94.5%) and 99.1% specificity (95% CI; 97.4%, 99.7%). Using a serological signature of IgG and IgM to multiple antigens, it was possible to identify infected individuals with 98.8% sensitivity (95% CI; 96.5%, 99.6%) and 99.3% specificity (95% CI; 97.6%, 99.8%). Informed by prior data from other coronaviruses, we estimate that one year following infection a monoplex assay with optimal anti-Stri IgG cutoff has 88.7% sensitivity (95% CI: 63.4%, 97.4%), and that a multiplex assay can increase sensitivity to 96.4% (95% CI: 80.9%, 100.0%). When applied to population-level serological surveys, statistical analysis of multiplex data allows estimation of seroprevalence levels less than 1%, below the false positivity rate of many other assays.ConclusionSerological signatures based on antibody responses to multiple antigens can provide accurate and robust serological classification of individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. This provides potential solutions to two pressing challenges for SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance: classifying individuals who were infected greater than six months ago, and measuring seroprevalence in serological surveys in very low transmission settings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Western Blot Test in an Outbreak of Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia V. Pizzini ◽  
Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira ◽  
Errol Reiss ◽  
Rana Hajjeh ◽  
Leo Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Pulmonary Histoplasmosis ◽  
Control Serum

ABSTRACT A western blot (WB) test was evaluated for detection of antibodies against native glycosylated and chemically deglycosylated M and H antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum in serum obtained from patients during the acute phase of pulmonary histoplasmosis that occurred during an outbreak. Of 275 serum samples tested by immunodiffusion and complement fixation (CF) samples from 40 patients affected during this outbreak and from 37 negative controls were tested by WB test. A group of patients whose sera were negative for CF antibodies and precipitins early in the acute stage of histoplasmosis but who all seroconverted during convalescence 6 weeks later were tested with the WB test. Antibodies against untreated H and M antigens were detected at a 1:100 dilution by WB test in 45% of the 20 acute-phase serum samples and in all 20 of the convalescent-phase specimens. The WB test’s sensitivity for acute-phase specimens increased to 90% (18 of 20 specimens) when H and M antigens were treated by periodate oxidation to inactivate susceptible carbohydrate epitopes. When native glycosylated antigens were used in the WB test, positive reactions were observed in negative control serum specimens (3 of 37 specimens; 8%) and in serum specimens obtained from asymptomatic persons screened as part of the outbreak investigation (13 of 20 specimens; 65%). These positive reactions were also attributed to glycosidic epitopes since the specificity of the WB test increased from 78 to 100% when periodate-treated H and M antigens were used. WB test with deglycosylated H and M antigens of histoplasmin provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific test to diagnose acute pulmonary histoplasmosis before precipitins can be detected.

scholarly journals Natural Autoimmunity to the Thyroid Hormone Monocarboxylate Transporters MCT8 and MCT10

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Porst ◽  
Jörg Johannes ◽  
Hans Gluschke ◽  
Richard Köhler ◽  
Sebastian Mehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporters ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Overweight Adolescents

The monocarboxylate transporters 8 (MCT8) and 10 (MCT10) are important for thyroid hormone (TH) uptake and signaling. Reduced TH activity is associated with impaired development, weight gain and discomfort. We hypothesized that autoantibodies (aAb) to MCT8 or MCT10 are prevalent in thyroid disease and obesity. Analytical tests for MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb were developed and characterized with commercial antiserum. Serum samples from healthy controls, thyroid patients and young overweight subjects were analyzed, and prevalence of the aAb was compared. MCT8-aAb were additionally tested for biological effects on thyroid hormone uptake in cell culture. Positive MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb were detected in all three clinical cohorts analyzed. MCT8-aAb were most prevalent in thyroid patients (11.9%) as compared to healthy controls (3.8%) and overweight adolescents (4.2%). MCT8-aAb positive serum reduced T4 uptake in cell culture in comparison to MCT8-aAb negative control serum. Prevalence of MCT10-aAb was highest in the group of thyroid patients as compared to healthy subjects or overweight adolescents (9.0% versus 4.5% and 6.3%, respectively). We conclude that MCT8 and MCT10 represent autoantigens in humans, and that MCT8-aAb may interfere with regular TH uptake and signaling. The increased prevalence of MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb in thyroid disease suggests that their presence may be of pathophysiological relevance. This hypothesis deserves an analysis in large prospective studies.

scholarly journals Suggestions for a New Criterion of a Positive Wassermann Reaction based on an Analysis of 2334 Quantitative Tests

1920 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Browning ◽  
E. L. Kennaway
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Simple Criterion ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Wassermann Reaction ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Negative Control Serum ◽  
Selection Of

Examination of the records of a large number of quantitative Wassermann tests has suggested a new and simple criterion of a positive reaction. This is based upon a comparison of the amounts of complement giving complete lysis with any given serum, and with the negative control, respectively. Reasons are given for regarding this criterion as more satisfactory than that in common use. Details are given of the methods employed for the selection of a negative control serum, the estimation of degrees of lysis, and the provision of a suitable range of amounts of complement.

Serum immunoglobulins in tardive dyskinesia — implication for pathogenesis of the syndrome

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanafy Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Immunological System

AbstractLevels of immunoglobulins were measured in 32 schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and 34 schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia. The duration of neuroleptic treatment in years was similar in the two groups. The serum immunoglobulin concentrations (mg%) were found to be significantly different in the two groups; IGA and IGM levels were higher in patients with tardive dyskinesia. The present results may be explained on the basis of dysfunction of the immunological system in tardive dyskinesia.

α-Tocopherol, lipids and lipoproteins in knee-joint synovial fluid and serum from patients with inflammatory joint disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fairburn ◽  
M. Grootveld ◽  
R. J. Ward ◽  
C. Abiuka ◽  
M. Kus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Synovial Fluid

1. We have determined the antioxidant status of synovial fluid and serum of patients with inflammatory joint disease in terms of the biologically active lipid-soluble antioxidant, α-tocopherol. Synovial fluid concentrations of α-tocopherol were significantly lower relative to those of paired serum samples (P<0.001). Serum levels of α-tocopherol in these patients did not differ significantly from those in control serum. 2. Lower concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein were also observed in patients' synovial fluid compared with matched serum samples. However, multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that there remained a significant depletion of α-tocopherol, which was largely independent of these co-variables, in inflammatory synovial fluid. These findings are consistent with the consumption of α-tocopherol within the inflamed joint via its role in terminating the process of lipid peroxidation. 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of matched inflammatory synovial fluid and serum confirmed lower concentrations of triacylglycerol in synovial fluid together with evidence of a shortened mean triacylglycerol chain length. The latter metabolic difference suggests an increased utilization of triacylglycerols for energy within the inflamed joint.

scholarly journals A case of human monocytic ehrlichiosis in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Arsic ◽  
Ana Gligic ◽  
Elizabeta Ristanovic ◽  
Branislav Lako ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous arthropods - ticks. In humans, it occurs as monocytic, granulocytic, and ewingii ehrlichiosis. Pathological process is based on parasitic presence of Ehrlichia organisms within peripheral blood cells - monocytes and granulocytes. Case Outline. Fifty-two year old patient was admitted to hospital due to high fever of over 40?C that lasted two days, accompanied with chills, muscle aches, malaise, loss of appetite, headache, confusion, breathing difficulties, and mild dry cough. The history suggested tick bite that occurred seven days before the onset of disease. Doxycycline was introduced and administered for 14 days, causing the disease to subside. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to analyze three serum samples obtained from this patient for Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies, and peripheral blood smear was evaluated for the presence of Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia aggregation into morulae. Conclusion. Ehrlichiosis should be considered in each case where there is a history of tick bite together with the clinical picture (high fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, generalized weakness and malaise, and possible maculopapular rash). The presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies was confirmed in a patient with the history of tick bite, appropriate clinical picture and indirect immunofluorescence assay. This confirmed the presence of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, a disease that is uncommonly identified in our country.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an In-House-Developed Radioassay Kit for Antibody Detection in Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Meningitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
M. Kameswaran ◽  
K. Shetty ◽  
M. K. Ray ◽  
M. A. Jaleel ◽  
G. V. Kadival
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Early Administration ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
User Friendly

ABSTRACT A radioassay for the detection of antitubercular antibody has been developed. The technique involves the addition of 125I-labeled Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen as a tracer, diluted clinical sample (serum or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]), and heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus to capture the antibody, incubation for 4 h, and quantitation of the amount of antibody present in the sample. A total of 330 serum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 138 control serum samples from individuals who were vaccinated with M. bovis BCG and from patients with pulmonary disorders of nontubercular origin were analyzed. Also, 26 CSF samples from patients with tuberculous meningitis and 24 CSF samples as controls from patients with central nervous system disorders of nontuberculous origin were analyzed. Sensitivities of 80 and 73% were observed for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis, respectively, and specificities of 90 and 88% were seen for the two groups of patients, respectively. The sensitivity was lower, however, for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients coinfected with M. tuberculosis. The control population could be differentiated from the patient population. This assay is rapid and user friendly and, with its good sensitivity and specificity, should benefit the population by providing diagnoses early in the course of disease and, hence, permit the early administration of appropriate chemotherapy.

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