scholarly journals Biofilm Roughness Determines Cryptosporidium parvum Retention in Environmental Biofilms

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4187-4193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Wolyniak DiCesare ◽  
B. R. Hargreaves ◽  
K. L. Jellison
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Eastern Pennsylvania ◽  
Measured Water

ABSTRACTThe genusCryptosporidiumis a group of waterborne protozoan parasites that have been implicated in significant outbreaks of gastrointestinal infections throughout the world. Biofilms trap these pathogens and can contaminate water supplies through subsequent release. Biofilm microbial assemblages were collected seasonally from three streams in eastern Pennsylvania and used to grow biofilms in laboratory microcosms. Daily oocyst counts in the influx and efflux flow allowed the calculation of daily oocyst retention in the biofilm. Following the removal of oocysts from the influx water, oocyst attachment to the biofilm declined to an equilibrium state within 5 days that was sustained for at least 25 days. Varying the oocyst loading rate for the system showed that biofilm retention could be saturated, suggesting that discrete binding sites determined the maximum number of oocysts retained. Oocyst retention varied seasonally but was consistent across all three sites; however, seasonal oocyst retention was not consistent across years at the same site. No correlation between oocyst attachment and any measured water quality parameter was found. However, oocyst retention was strongly correlated with biofilm surface roughness and roughness varied among seasons and across years. We hypothesize that biofilm roughness and oocyst retention are dependent on environmentally driven changes in the biofilm community rather than directly on water quality conditions. It is important to understand oocyst transport dynamics to reduce risks of human infection. Better understanding of factors controlling biofilm retention of oocysts should improve our understanding of oocyst transport at different scales.

scholarly journals Seasonal Retention and Release of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Environmental Biofilms in the Laboratory

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Wolyniak ◽  
B. R. Hargreaves ◽  
K. L. Jellison
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Eastern Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium is a genus of waterborne protozoan parasites that causes significant gastrointestinal disease in humans. These parasites can accumulate in environmental biofilms and be subsequently released to contaminate water supplies. Natural microbial assemblages were collected each season from an eastern Pennsylvania stream and used to grow biofilms in laboratory microcosms in which influx, efflux, and biofilm retention were determined from daily oocyst counts. For each seasonal biofilm, oocysts attached to the biofilm quickly during oocyst dosing. Upon termination of oocyst dosing, the percentage of oocysts retained within the biofilm decreased to a new steady state within 5 days. Seasonal differences in biofilm retention of oocysts were observed. The spring biofilm retained the greatest percentage of oocysts, followed (in decreasing order) by the winter, summer, and fall biofilms. There was no statistically significant correlation between the percentage of oocysts attached to the biofilm and (i) any measured stream water quality parameter (including temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon concentration) or (ii) experimental temperature. Seasonal differences in oocyst retention persisted when biofilms were tested with stream water from a different season. These data suggest that seasonal variation in the microbial community and resulting biofilm architecture may be more important to oocyst transport in this stream site than water quality. The biofilm attachment and detachment dynamics of C. parvum oocysts have implications for public health, and the drinking water industry should recognize that the potential exists for pathogen-free water to become contaminated during the distribution process as a result of biofilm dynamics.

Water quality parameter forecast based on grey neural network modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ren SHI ◽  
Yan-xia WANG ◽  
Yun-jian TANG ◽  
Min FAN
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Neural Network Modeling

scholarly journals Nutrient, pH, Alkalinity, and Ionic Property Levels in Runoff Containment Basins in Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and Virginia Ornamental Plant Nurseries

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren E. Copes ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Patricia A. Richardson ◽  
Bruk E. Belayneh ◽  
Andrew Ristvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Parameter Values

Nine runoff containment basins (RCBs), used directly or indirectly for irrigating plants in ornamental plant nurseries, and one adjacent stream were sampled for water quality between Feb. and July 2013 in Maryland (MD), Mississippi (MS), and Virginia (VA). Triplicate water samples were taken monthly. Analysis was done for 18 water quality variables including nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and total-phosphorus (T-P), potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, aluminum, boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese, zinc (Zn), pH, total alkalinity (T-Alk), electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium. Additionally, 15 RCBs from 10 nurseries in Alabama (AL), Louisiana (LA), and MS were sampled in 2014 and 2016. Most prevalent correlations (P = 0.01) were between macronutrients, EC, B, Fe, and Zn, but none were prevalent across a majority of RCBs. Water quality parameter values were mostly present at low to preferred levels in all 25 waterways. Macronutrient levels were highest for a RCB that receives fertility from fertigation derived runoff. Water pH ranged from acidic to alkaline (>8). Results of this study show water quality in RCBs can be suitable for promoting plant health in ornamental plant nurseries, but also shows levels will vary between individual RCBs, therefore demonstrates need to verify water quality from individual water sources.

scholarly journals Panjang Karapas dan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) yang diberi Jenis Pakan Berbeda di Area Ekowisata Kampung Kepiting, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ni Desak Putu Ida Suryani ◽  
Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro ◽  
Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Critical Components

Mangrove forest is tropical coastal vegetation that grow on muddy and sandy soils which affected by sea tides. One of important commercial species that live in mangrove ecosystem is the mud crab (Scylla serrata). Feed and water quality have been considered as critical components for supporting the growth both of weight and carapace length of this species. This study was conducted from January to February 2017 in the area of ??Ecotourism Kampung Kepiting, Bali. The influence of different natural feed such as Jerbung shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), Mollusca, lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) and sea worms (Nereis sp.) on the growth performance of the mud crab were investigated. Water quality parameter data such as pH, DO, temperature, salinity and ammonium were also collected. The obtained data were analyzed by using variance analysis of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that the use of different types of feed have no effect on  the length of carapace, but it has significantly influence on  the specific growth rate of mud crab. Finally, different types of the given feeding were still resulted in the save range of water quality parameters for mud crab culture.

A review on distillate water quality parameter analysis in solar still

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Arunkumar ◽  
Kaiwalya Raj ◽  
Meenakshi Chaturvedi ◽  
A. Thenmozhi ◽  
D. Denkenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Solar Still

scholarly journals Water quality of Narai canal and Balu river of Dhaka City: An impact of industrialization

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Roy ◽  
LN Banna ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
H Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Environmental Consideration ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Standard Limit

Rapid industrialization around riverside without having proper environmental consideration causes severe water pollution in our country. On accordance with the consecution of this problem the study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Narai canal and Balu river during January to June, 2012. Water quality parameter analysis i.e. color, odor, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4) results show that except pH all exceeded standard limit for domestic water use, irrigation and fish cultivation. The minimum and maximum values of pH, TDS, DO and NH4 were 6.89-7.33, 982-1308 ppm, 0.33-2.12 ppm and 6.79-89.76 ppm, respectively. Present analysis with secondary research data also revealed that this pollution rate is becoming intensified quickly which may pose a great threat in future for human health, ecosystem and sustainable agricultural production. So, Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) is urgently needed to minimize the concentration of pollutants and ultimately to save the river water of the concerned area.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 285-290, December 2014

Modèle mathématique de gestion de la qualité de l'eau en rivière : application à l a rivière Yamaska

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pineau ◽  
J. P. Villeneuve ◽  
P. G. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Nutrient Loadings ◽  
Qualité De L’Eau

In the more populous watersheds of southern Quebec eutrophication of surface waters is a current problem, linked to excessive nutrient loadings from various municipal, industrial, and agricultural sources. A simple mathematical model has been developed to identify the optimal strategies for controlling nutrient loadings at various points in a river basin; for this optimization the key water quality parameter is phosphorus and the objective is to meet a fixed water quality criterion (0.06 mg total phosphorus per litre) at minimum cost.The potential utility of the model in a water management context has been demonstrated in a case study of the Yamaska River, Quebec, which drains regions of intense agricultural activity and is also subject to phosphorus pollution from numerous point sources of municipal and industrial origin.

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