scholarly journals Individual Predisposition to Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Pigs on the Basis of Quantification, Carriage Dynamics, and Serological Profiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Espinosa-Gongora ◽  
Jan Dahl ◽  
Anders Elvstrøm ◽  
Willem J. van Wamel ◽  
Luca Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACTPrevious research onStaphylococcus aureusin pigs focused on livestock-associated methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) and had a qualitative cross-sectional design. This study aimed to elucidate the frequency, load, and stability ofS. aureusnasal carriage in pigs over time and investigated possible associations between carriage and immune response. Nasal swabs were collected three times weekly from 480 tagged adult pigs in 20 Danish production farms.S. aureusand MRSA were quantified on selective media by the most-probable-number method. The levels of IgG against 10S. aureusantigens in serum were quantified in selected pigs by a Luminex assay. All the farms were positive forS. aureusand 15 for MRSA, leading to overall prevalences of persistent and intermittent carriers and noncarriers of 24, 52, and 23%, respectively. Carriage frequency and nasal loads were significantly higher on MRSA-positive farms. Logistic-regression modeling revealed the presence of individual pigs characterized by high nasal loads (≥10,000 CFU per swab) and stable carriage regardless of farm- and pen-associated factors. On the other hand, the humoral response was strongly influenced by these environmental factors. The existence of a minority of shedders contributing to maintenance ofS. aureuswithin farms opens up new perspectives on the control of MRSA in pig farming.

A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fibhaa Syed ◽  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Arif ◽  
Adil Ramzan ◽  
Rauf Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-positive were identified as staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 210 nasal swabs, 52(24.76%) had a staphylococcus aureus growth, and, of them, 15(7.1%) were methicillin-resistant. No association could be established with either any single category of healthcare worker or an inter-department variation (p>0.05). Likewise, there was no association with age, gender, duration of service, smoking, co-morbidities, use of antibiotics in the preceding six months, treating a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the preceding six months and hospitalisation in the preceding year (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus amongst healthcare workers was regardless of the nature of their professional engagement. Key Words: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage, Continuous...

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Mohammed Othman ◽  
Belques Sharaf Al-Huraibi ◽  
Rowa Mohammed Assayaghi ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of serious health problems with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of S. aureus infections is increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study is to determine the nasal carriage rate of both S. aureus and MRSA among schoolchildren in Sana’a city.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2020. Five hundred and eighty eight students were enrolled. Nasal swabs were collected from each student for culturing and methicillin susceptibility testing. Results: Out 588 nasal swab, 536 yielded bacterial growth. Students with positive culture were 271(51%) males and 265(49%) females. Their age ranged from 5 to 19 years old with mean age and standard deviation equaled to 13.3±3.5 years. S. aureus was isolated from 129 (24%) students whereas the overall prevalence of MRSA was 8(1.5%). S. aureus was significantly recovered from students at age group 10-14 years (χ2 = 7.02, p = 0.03), females than males (OR= 1.96, χ2 = 10.75, p = 0.001), and students who were admitted into hospitals (OR= 1.6, χ2 = 4.89, p = 0.03). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between MRSA carriage and students’ age (χ2 = 2.3, p = 0.32), gender (OR= 1.02, χ2 = 0.001, p = 0.63), and hospital admission (OR= 1.4, χ2 = 0.25, p = 0.62). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA is low among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Age, gender and previous hospital admission were statistically associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus but not MRSA nasal carriage.

scholarly journals Mupirocin Resistance in Isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from Nasal Swabs in a Tertiary Hospital in France

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 2713-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Trouillet-Assant ◽  
Sacha Flammier ◽  
Anais Sapin ◽  
Céline Dupieux ◽  
Oana Dumitrescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Topical Antibiotic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic largely used to eradicate staphylococcal nasal carriage. Here, we investigated the prevalence of mupirocin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusand coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients in different wards in a hospital (Lyon, France), which were determined both phenotypically with an Epsilometer test (Etest) and genetically by PCR formupAandmupB.

scholarly journals Quantification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Marine and Freshwater Samples by the Most-Probable-Number Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3541-3543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Levin-Edens ◽  
John Scott Meschke ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Accurate Quantification

ABSTRACTRecreational beach environments have been recently identified as a potential reservoir for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA); however, accurate quantification methods are needed for the development of risk assessments. This novel most-probable-number approach for MRSA quantification offers improved sensitivity and specificity by combining broth enrichment with MRSA-specific chromogenic agar.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Arwa Mohammed Othman ◽  
Belques Sharaf Al-Huraibi ◽  
Rowa Mohammed Assayaghi ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Background. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of serious health problems with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of S. aureus infections is increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study aims to determine the nasal carriage rate of both S. aureus and MRSA among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2020. Five hundred and thirty-six students were enrolled. Their age ranged from 5 to 19 years with the mean age and standard deviation equal to 13.3 ± 3.5 years. Nasal swabs were collected from each student for culturing and methicillin susceptibility testing. Results. Students with positive culture were 271 (51%) males and 265 (49%) females. S. aureus was isolated from 129 (24%) students whereas the overall prevalence of MRSA was 8 (1.5%). S. aureus was significantly recovered from students at the age group of 10–14 years (χ2 = 7.02; p = 0.03 ), females than males (OR = 1.96; χ2 = 10.75; p = 0.001 ), and students who were admitted into hospitals (OR = 1.6; χ2 = 4.89; p = 0.03 ). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between MRSA carriage and students’ age (χ2 = 2.3; p = 0.32 ), gender (OR = 1.02; χ2 = 0.001; p = 0.63 ), and hospital admission (OR = 1.4; χ2 = 0.25; p = 0.62 ). Conclusions. The prevalence of MRSA is low among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Age, gender, and previous hospital admission were statistically associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus but not MRSA nasal carriage.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Hemodialyzed Patients at the Hospital de Clínicas of Paraguay: A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Arturo Silvero Isidre, ◽  
Fátima Rodríguez Acosta ◽  
César Rodrigo Cristaldo Vargas ◽  
Genaro Américo Velázquez Romero ◽  
José Félix Plans Perrota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Variable Analysis

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are susceptible to the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, increasing the risk of developing infections associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of S. aureus carriage in hemodialysis patients and to perform molecular analysis of isolates by applying multiple-locus variable analysis. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling that included 28 hemodialysis patients attending the Nephrology Department of Hospital de Clínicas in Asunción, Paraguay. We obtained clinical data from medical records and interviews with patients. Nasal swabs were collected and analyzed by microbiological and molecular methods. Results: The frequency of S. aureus carriage was 50% (14/28), 93% of which (13/14) were methicillin resistant, 57% (6/14) were gentamicin resistant and 36% (5/14) were resistant to more than 4 antibiotic classes. S. aureus carriers showed higher frequency of rhinitis (p=0.02 odds ratio [OR]=6.6 (1.2- 34.4)). Seven methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates had been analyzed by multiple-locus variable analysis, two of them showed identical pattern bands. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and the presence of two isolates with identical profile in the multiple-locus variable analysis indicating the possibility of transmission between patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains the predominant cause of infections in drug users. This cross-sectional study aims to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: All eligible drug users, with both injection and non-injection route of drug administration , were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs by trained personal during the period between May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus . Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus carriage. Results: Overall, 353 drug users were included in the study and the prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 15.01% (53/353). The prevalence of MRSA carriage was 6.80% (24/353). Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99). The proportion of multidrug resistance was 54.72% for S. aureus isolates and most of these isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seventeen MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. The results of clonal complexes (CCs) and sequence types (STs) for S. aureus were diverse. The three predominant types for CCs were CC5 (64.15%, 34/53), CC59 (11.32%, 6/53), and CC7 (7.55%, 4/53); and for STs were ST188 (20.75%, 11/53), ST5 (11.32%, 6/53), and ST59 (11.32%, 6/53). Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA carriage was moderate compared to previous studies. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates, particularly MRSA isolates, revealed high proportions of antibiotic resistance, indicating the existence of cross-circulation, and implying high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization and antibiotic stewardship might be implemented for drug users with MRSA carriage.

scholarly journals Prevalencia de portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus en niños con discapacidad

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Clotilde Molin ◽  
Elvira Del Valle Ortíz ◽  
Patricia Barrios Lezcano ◽  
Sonia Hermosa Sánchez ◽  
María González Santander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
High Risk Factor

Introduction: Colonization of the nasal mucosa by Staphylococcus aureus set a carrier state. Which is recognized as a potential source of infection and a high risk factor for subsequent invasive infections. The prevalence of nasal carriage of this germ in disabled children in Paraguay is not known, thus contributing to the knowledge of their frequency and evaluate the profile of sensitivity to common antimicrobials was conducted this study, from May to July 2015.  Objective: to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and profile of antimicrobial resistance in disabled children. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 80 nasal swabs of children, who attended the service laboratory of SENADIS (Secretaria Nacional por los Derechos Humanos de las Personas con Discapacidad). The identification and sensitivity of germ was accomplished by conventional testing.  Results: 80 pediatric patients, 46 boys and 34 girls. 18 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained, corresponding to a prevalence of 22,5%. Susceptibility testing indicated that 14 strains were MSSA (Methicillin – Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) and 4 RMSA ( Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Conclusion: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in a population with its own characteristics provides valuable data for the epidemiology, reflecting the need for continued vigilance and take steps to reduce associated infections. The detection of RMAR evidences their progress; it is important to evaluate the empirical treatment to primary care.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KONTAMINASI COLIFORM DAN SKOR PERILAKU HIGIENE-SANITASI PADA PEDAGANG JAJANAN DI KANTIN SEKOLAH DAN PEDAGANG KELILING

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andhita Riana ◽  
Sri Sumarmi
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Food is one  of components that can cause illness, so it must be safe. An outbreaks of food poisoning 19% happened  in school and 78.57%   happened to elementary   school children. Hygiene and sanitation are important factors related to food safety. This study was aimed to analyze correlation between behavior of hygiene and sanitation of food vendors with food safety by using most probable number of coliform indicator. This was an observational study used cross sectional design, involving 25 food  vendors and 25 food sample which were selected randomly. Result showed  that 40% of the snacks were contaminated by Coliform (>10 Juml./g). The highest contamination of Coliform was >1.100 Juml./g and was found on four food snacks sold in the canteen. Categories of hygiene knowledge score of vendors ware moderate (52%). The majority of vendors ware included in the moderate hygiene attitude score category (52%), and most of the vendors ware included in the moderate hygiene practice score category and moderate environment sanitation score category (56%, respectively). Statistical analysis using Spearman’s rho test showed that there ware a significant correlation  between knowledge of hygiene, practice of hygiene, and environment sanitation of vendors with food safety using indicator most probable number of coliform (p=0.022, p=0.005, p=0.000, respectively). Whereas no significant correlation found between  attitude of hygiene with contamination of Coliform (p=0.088). It was Found as much as 40% of foods are contaminated by coliform  and should be awared, observations of food processing needs to be applied to prevent coliform contamination of school children’s snacks.

Can do and reason to: when are proactive employees willing to share negative information?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Marler ◽  
Susie S. Cox ◽  
Marcia J. Simmering ◽  
Bryan L. Rogers ◽  
Curtis F. Matherne
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose Information sharing is vital to organizational operations, yet employees are often reluctant to share negative information. This paper aims to gain insight into which employees will be reluctant to share negative information and when by drawing from the proactive motivation literature examining effects of proactive personality and motivational states on individuals’ willingness to share negative information. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was used, with data collected from a final sample of 393 individuals via an online survey. Hypotheses were tested using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Findings Interactive effects indicate proactive individuals with accompanying high levels of role breadth self-efficacy (“can do”) or high levels of felt responsibility for constructive change (“reason to”) were less likely to be reluctant to share negative information. However, findings also suggest proactive individuals with lower levels of proactive motivation avoid sharing negative information. Originality/value The findings extend what is known about personality factors and employee willingness to share information to highlight which employees may be likely to avoid sharing negative information. The authors also examine the moderating influence of proactive motivational states on the relationships between proactive personality and reluctance to share negative information.

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