scholarly journals The Carnivorous Pale Pitcher Plant Harbors Diverse, Distinct, and Time-Dependent Bacterial Communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Koopman ◽  
Danielle M. Fuselier ◽  
Sarah Hird ◽  
Bryan C. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Genomic Fingerprint ◽  
Microbial Associations ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The ability of American carnivorous pitcher plants (Sarracenia) to digest insect prey is facilitated by microbial associations. Knowledge of the details surrounding this interaction has been limited by our capability to characterize bacterial diversity in this system. To describe microbial diversity within and between pitchers of one species, Sarracenia alata, and to explore how these communities change over time as pitchers accumulate and digest insect prey, we collected and analyzed environmental sequence tag (454 pyrosequencing) and genomic fingerprint (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) data. Microbial richness associated with pitcher plant fluid is high; more than 1,000 unique phylogroups were identified across at least seven phyla and 50 families. We documented an increase in bacterial diversity and abundance with time and observed repeated changes in bacterial community composition. Pitchers from different plants harbored significantly more similar bacterial communities at a given time point than communities coming from the same genetic host over time. The microbial communities in pitcher plant fluid also differ significantly from those present in the surrounding soil. These findings indicate that the bacteria associated with pitcher plant leaves are far from random assemblages and represent an important step toward understanding this unique plant-microbe interaction.

scholarly journals Bacteria facilitate prey retention by the pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 20160577 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction

Bacteria are hypothesized to provide a variety of beneficial functions to plants. Many carnivorous pitcher plants, for example, rely on bacteria for digestion of captured prey. This bacterial community may also be responsible for the low surface tensions commonly observed in pitcher plant digestive fluids, which might facilitate prey capture. I tested this hypothesis by comparing the physical properties of natural pitcher fluid from the pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica and cultured ‘artificial’ pitcher fluids and tested these fluids' prey retention capabilities. I found that cultures of pitcher leaves' bacterial communities had similar physical properties to raw pitcher fluids. These properties facilitated the retention of insects by both fluids and hint at a previously undescribed class of plant–microbe interaction.

scholarly journals Perennials but not slope aspect affect the diversity of soil bacterial communities in the northern Negev Desert, Israel

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahuva Vonshak ◽  
Menachem Y. Sklarz ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Osnat Gillor
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Underneath the canopy of perennials in arid regions, moderate soil temperature and evaporation, as well as plant litter create islands of higher fertility in the low-productivity landscape, known as ‘resource islands’. The sparse distribution of these resource islands is mirrored by soil microbial communities, which mediate a large number of biogeochemical transformations underneath the plants. We explored the link between the bacterial community composition and two prevalent desert shrubs, Zygophyllum dumosum and Artemisia herba-alba, on northern- and southern-facing slopes in the northern highlands of the Negev Desert (Israel), at the end of a drought winter mild rainy season. We sequenced the bacterial community and analysed the physicochemical properties of the soil under the shrub canopies and from barren soil in replicate slopes. The soil bacterial diversity was independent of slope aspect, but differed according to shrub presence or type. Links between soil bacterial community composition and their associated desert shrubs were found, enabling us to link bacterial diversity with shrub type or barren soils. Our results suggest that plants and their associated bacterial communities are connected to survival and persistence under the harsh desert conditions.

scholarly journals Groundwater bacterial communities evolve over time, exhibiting oscillating similarity patterns in response to recharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Yan ◽  
Syrie Hermans ◽  
Kai Uwe Totsche ◽  
Robert Lehmann ◽  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Time series analyses are a crucial tool for uncovering the patterns and processes shaping microbial communities and their functions, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Subsurface aquatic environments are perceived to be more stable than oceans and lakes, due to the lack of sunlight, the absence of photosysnthetically-driven primary production, low temperature variations, and oligotrophic conditions. However, periodic groundwater recharge should affect the structure and succession of groundwater microbiomes. To disentangle the long-term temporal changes in groundwater bacterial communities of shallow fractured bedrock community, and identify the drivers of the observed patterns, we analysed bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing data for samples collected monthly from three groundwater wells over a six-year period (n=230) along a hillslope recharge area. We show that the bacterial communities in the groundwater of limestone-mudstone alternations were not stable over time and showed oscillating dissimilarity patterns which corresponded to periods of groundwater recharge; the impact of recharge events on the groundwater microbiome was linked to the recharge strength and local environmental selection strength. Sampling period was able to explain up to 29.5% of the variability in bacterial community composition. We observed an increase in dissimilarity over time (generalized additive model P < 0.001) indicating that the successive recharge events result in communities that are increasingly more dissimilar to the initial reference time point. The majority of groundwater bacteria originated from the recharge-related sources (mean = 66.5%, SD = 15.1%) and specific bacterial taxa were identified as being either enriched or repressed during recharge events. Overall, similar to surface aquatic environments, groundwater microbiomes vary through time, though we revealed groundwater recharges as unique driving factors for these patterns. The high temporal resolution employed here highlights the complex dynamics of bacterial communities in groundwater and demonstrated that successive shocks disturb the bacterial communities, leading to decreased similarity to the initial state over time.

scholarly journals Environmental characteristics and changes of bacterial communities in the meltwater runoff of glacier in Ny-Alesund, Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidong Lin ◽  
Nengfei Wang ◽  
Wenbing Han ◽  
Botao Zhang ◽  
Jiaye Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
The Core ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Glacial Runoff ◽  
Weighted Correlation

Abstract The present study assessed the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in glacial runoff and glacial soils in the Midre Lovénbreen glacier region of Svalbard. A total of 6,593 operational taxonomic units were identified by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed differences in bacterial community composition between the upper and lower reaches of glacial runoff. The abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria in the upper reaches of glacial runoff was higher than that in the lower reaches. In contrast, the the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria in the downstream of glacial runoff was higher than that in the upstream. In addition, we compared bacterial diversity and composition between glacial runoff areas and soils. The chart analysis showed that bacterial diversity in glacial soil was higher than that in the glacial runoff. Some typical bacteria in the soil, such as Actinobacteria, entered glacial runoff through contact between them. The abundance of Acidobacteria, Sphingobacterium and Flavobacterium was higher in glacial soil. Weighted correlation network analysis showed that the core bacteria in glacial runoff and glacial soil were typical bacteria in different habitats. Distance-based redundancy analysis revealed that NO 2 - -N was the most significant factor affecting the distribution of soil bacterial community, while NO 3 - -N was the most significant factor affecting the distribution of glacial runoff bacterial community.

scholarly journals Pavement Overrides the Effects of Tree Species on Soil Bacterial Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Yinhong Hu ◽  
Weiwei Yu ◽  
Bowen Cui ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Hua Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Human disturbance and vegetation are known to affect soil microorganisms. However, the interacting effects of pavement and plant species on soil bacterial communities have received far less attention. In this study, we collected soil samples from pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.), ash (Fraxinus chinensis), and maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) stands that grew in impervious, pervious, and no pavement blocks to investigate the way pavement, tree species, and their interaction influence soil bacterial communities by modifying soil physicochemical properties. Soil bacterial community composition and diversity were evaluated by bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrated that soil bacterial community composition and diversity did differ significantly across pavements, but not with tree species. The difference in soil bacterial community composition across pavements was greater in pine stands than ash and maple stands. Soil bacterial diversity and richness indices decreased beneath impervious pavement in pine stands, and only bacterial richness indices decreased markedly in ash stands, but neither showed a significant difference across pavements in maple stands. In addition, bacterial diversity did not differ dramatically between pervious pavement and no pavement soil. Taken together, these results suggest that pavement overwhelmed the effects of tree species on soil bacterial communities, and had a greater effect on soil bacterial communities in pine stands, followed by ash and maple stands. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic disturbance, such as pavement, which affects soil microbial communities.

scholarly journals Within- and between-Lake Variability in the Composition of Bacterioplankton Communities: Investigations Using Multiple Spatial Scales

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Yannarell ◽  
Eric W. Triplett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

ABSTRACT This study examined the similarity of epilimnetic bacterial community composition (BCC) across several within- and among-lake spatial scales, and the environmental factors giving rise to similar bacterial communities in different lakes were also explored. Samples were collected from 13 northern and southern Wisconsin lakes representing gradients in lake size, productivity, dissolved organic carbon and humic acid contents, and pH. Hypotheses regarding patchy distribution of bacterial communities in lakes were tested by comparing samples collected from nearby (tens of meters) and distant (hundreds of meters) sampling sites in the same lake. BCC was characterized by using a molecular fingerprinting technique, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). Overall, samples collected at the 10-m, 100-m, and between-lake scales differed by 13, 17, and 75%, respectively. Variation at these last two scales was significant. The development of within-lake variation in BCC appeared to depend on the isolation of water by lake shoreline features such as bays or narrow constrictions. ARISA profiles from northern lakes had fewer peaks and were less similar to each other than were those of the southern lakes, suggesting that regional features do not necessarily lead to the development of similar bacterial communities. Lakes at similar positions on productivity and dissolved organic carbon concentration gradients had similar bacterial communities, and bacterial diversity was positively correlated with lake productivity and water temperature. Factorial studies taking into account these gradients, as well as regional spatial scales, should provide much insight into the nature of aquatic bacterial biogeography.

scholarly journals Ecotype-Dependent Response of Bacterial Communities Associated with Arabidopsis to Cold Acclimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Etemadi ◽  
Ellen Zuther ◽  
Henry Müller ◽  
Dirk K. Hincha ◽  
Gabriele Berg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Additional Function ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Core Species ◽  
The Impact

Low temperature is a primary factor limiting geographical distribution of plants and crop yield in large areas of the world. Plant-associated microbial communities have rarely been acknowledged as possible determinants of cold acclimation, the process leading to freezing tolerance in plants. Here we studied the impact of cold acclimation on leaf-associated bacteria by analyzing 10 different Arabidopsis ecotypes differing widely in their freezing tolerance. In climate chamber experiments, we found that leaves of all Arabidopsis accessions were colonized by highly diverse bacterial taxa (852 operational taxonomic units) mainly from Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. During cold acclimation, in all ecotypes the bacterial community composition and diversity, and especially the core species composition changed drastically. However, the response of the bacterial communities was highly ecotype-dependent; sensitive and tolerant accessions shared only eight responders. Unique responders in tolerant accessions were identified as putative indicators of freezing tolerance. Thus, leaf bacteria appear to be genotype-dependent associated with cold acclimation, which suggests an additional function of plant−microbe interaction and may open new possibilities for biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature onParamoeba peruransgrowth in culture and the associated microbial community

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Benedicenti ◽  
C. J. Secombes ◽  
C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Illumina Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPopulation growth,in vitro, of threeParamoeba peruranscultures, one polyclonal (G) and two clonal (B8, CE6, derived from G), previously shown to differ in virulence (B8 > G > CE6), was compared at 10 and 15 °C. B8 showed a significantly higher increase in attached and in suspended amoebae over time at 15 and 10 °C, respectively. CE6 and G also had significantly higher numbers of suspended amoebae at 10 °C compared with 15 °C at experiment termination. However, in contrast to B8, numbers of attached amoebae were significantly higher at 10 °C in CE6 but showed a similar trend in G at the end of the experiment. Numbers of both suspended and attached amoebae were lower in B8 compared with CE6 and G. Significant differences in bacterial community composition and/or relative abundances were found, between cultures, between temperatures and between the same culture with and without amoebae, based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Bacterial diversity was lower in B8 and CE6 compared with G, possibly reflecting selection during clonal isolation. The results indicate that polyclonalP. peruranspopulations may contain amoebae displaying different growth dynamics. Further studies are required to determine if these differences are linked to differences seen in the bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Comparison of bacterial diversity and abundance between sexes of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8411
Author(s):  
Chunhui Guo ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Xialin Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
Ruirui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Leptocybe Invasa ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Background Insects harbor a myriad of microorganisms, many of which can affect the sex ratio and manipulate the reproduction of the host. Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest that causes serious damage to eucalyptus plantations, and the thelytokous parthenogenesis, low temperature resistance, protection in galls, generation overlap and small body of L. invasa contribute to its rapid invasion and population growth. However, the endosymbiotic bacterial composition, abundance and sex differences of L. invasa remain unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the bacterial communities in L. invasa adults and compare them between the sexes of L. invasa lineage B. Results The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to compare bacterial community composition between females and males of L. invasa by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. A total of 1,320 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were subdivided into 24 phyla, 71 classes, 130 orders, 245 families and 501 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in females and males were Rickettsia and Rhizobium, respectively. Conclusion The endosymbiotic bacteria of L. invasa females and males were highly diverse. There were differences in the bacterial community of L. invasa between sexes, and the bacterial diversity in male specimens was greater than that in female specimens. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial communities in L. invasa and these data will provide an overall view of the bacterial community in both sexes of L. invasa with special attention on sex-related bacteria.

scholarly journals Comparison of Primer Sets for Use in Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis of Aquatic Bacterial Communities: an Ecological Perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart E. Jones ◽  
Ashley L. Shade ◽  
Katherine D. McMahon ◽  
Angela D. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Primer Sets

ABSTRACT Two primer sets for automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) were used to assess the bacterial community composition (BCC) in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, over 3 years. Correspondence analysis revealed differences in community profiles generated by different primer sets, but overall ecological patterns were conserved in each case. ARISA is a powerful tool for evaluating BCC change through space and time, regardless of the specific primer set used.

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