scholarly journals Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in an Artisanal Dairy Plant in Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6665-6669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Giacometti ◽  
Alex Lucchi ◽  
Gerardo Manfreda ◽  
Daniela Florio ◽  
Renato Giulio Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Mozzarella Cheese ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Dairy Plant

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate the presence, distribution, and persistence ofArcobacterspp. in an artisanal dairy plant and to test the isolates to determine their different genotypes in the processing plant and in foods. Samples were collected in an artisanal cheese factory on four occasions between October and December 2012. Food samples (raw milk, ricotta cheese, mozzarella cheese, and conditioning liquid), water samples, and environmental samples were analyzed by the culture method; isolates were identified by multiplex PCR and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis.Arcobacter butzleriwas isolated from 29 out of 59 samples (46.6%), 22 of which were from environmental samples and 7 of which were from food samples. Cluster analysis divided the strains into 47 PFGE patterns: 14 PFGE clusters and 33 unique types. Our findings indicate that the plant harbored numerousA. butzleripulsotypes and that the manual cleaning and sanitation in the studied dairy plant do not effectively removeArcobacter. The recurrent isolation ofA. butzlerisuggests that the environmental conditions in the dairy plant constitute a good ecological niche for the colonization of this microorganism. In some cases, the presence of indistinguishable strains isolated from the same facilities on different sampling days showed that these strains were persistent in the processing environment.

scholarly journals Arcobacter butzleri in Sheep Ricotta Cheese at Retail and Related Sources of Contamination in an Industrial Dairy Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (22) ◽  
pp. 7036-7041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Scarano ◽  
Federica Giacometti ◽  
Gerardo Manfreda ◽  
Alex Lucchi ◽  
Emanuela Pes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluateArcobacterspecies contamination of industrial sheep ricotta cheese purchased at retail and to establish if the dairy plant environment may represent a source of contamination. A total of 32 sheep ricotta cheeses (1.5 kg/pack) packed in a modified atmosphere were purchased at retail, and 30 samples were collected in two sampling sessions performed in the cheese factory from surfaces in contact with food and from surfaces not in contact with food. Seven out of 32 samples (21.9%) of ricotta cheese collected at retail tested positive forArcobacter butzleriat cultural examination; all positive samples were collected during the same sampling and belonged to the same batch. Ten surface samples (33.3%) collected in the dairy plant were positive forA. butzleri. Cluster analysis identified 32 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The same PFGE pattern was isolated from more than one ricotta cheese sample, indicating a common source of contamination, while more PFGE patterns could be isolated in single samples, indicating different sources of contamination. The results of the environmental sampling showed thatA. butzlerimay be commonly isolated from the dairy processing plant investigated and may survive over time, as confirmed by the isolation of the same PFGE pattern in different industrial plant surface samples. Floor contamination may represent a source ofA. butzlerispread to different areas of the dairy plant, as demonstrated by isolation of the same PFGE pattern in different production areas. Isolation of the same PFGE pattern from surface samples in the dairy plant and from ricotta cheese purchased at retail showed that plant surfaces may represent a source ofA. butzleripostprocessing contamination in cheeses produced in industrial dairy plants.

scholarly journals Genetic Listeria monocytogenes Types in the Pork Processing Plant Environment: From Occasional Introduction to Plausible Persistence in Harborage Sites

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Niels Demaître ◽  
Geertrui Rasschaert ◽  
Lieven De Zutter ◽  
Annemie Geeraerd ◽  
Koen De Reu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the L. monocytogenes occurrence and genetic diversity in three Belgian pork cutting plants. We specifically aim to identify harborage sites and niche locations where this pathogen might occur. A total of 868 samples were taken from a large diversity of food and non-food contact surfaces after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) and during processing. A total of 13% (110/868) of environmental samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes. When looking in more detail, zone 3 non-food contact surfaces were contaminated more often (26%; 72/278) at typical harborage sites, such as floors, drains, and cleaning materials. Food contact surfaces (zone 1) were less frequently contaminated (6%; 25/436), also after C&D. PFGE analysis exhibited low genetic heterogeneity, revealing 11 assigned clonal complexes (CC), four of which (CC8, CC9, CC31, and CC121) were predominant and widespread. Our data suggest (i) the occasional introduction and repeated contamination and/or (ii) the establishment of some persistent meat-adapted clones in all cutting plants. Further, we highlight the importance of well-designed extensive sampling programs combined with genetic characterization to help these facilities take corrective actions to prevent transfer of this pathogen from the environment to the meat.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Farm Samples and Processing Plant Carcass Rinses from Commercial Broiler Chicken Flocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4106-4114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D. Berghaus ◽  
Stephan G. Thayer ◽  
Bibiana F. Law ◽  
Rita M. Mild ◽  
Charles L. Hofacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACTA prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalences and loads ofSalmonellaandCampylobacterspp. in farm and processing plant samples collected from 55 commercial broiler chicken flocks. Environmental samples were collected from broiler houses within 48 h before slaughter, and carcass rinses were performed on birds from the same flocks at 4 different stages of processing.Salmonellawas detected in farm samples of 50 (90.9%) flocks and in processing samples of 52 (94.5%) flocks.Campylobacterwas detected in farm samples of 35 (63.6%) flocks and in processing samples of 48 (87.3%) flocks. There was a significant positive relationship between environmental farm samples and processing plant carcass rinses with respect to bothSalmonellaandCampylobacterprevalences and loads.Campylobacterloads were significantly higher thanSalmonellaloads, and the correlations between samples collected from the same flocks were higher forCampylobacterthan they were forSalmonella. Boot socks were the most sensitive sample type for detection ofSalmonellaon the farm, whereas litter samples had the strongest association withSalmonellaloads in pre- and postchill carcass rinses. Boot socks, drag swabs, and fecal samples all had similar sensitivities for detectingCampylobacteron the farm, and all were more strongly associated withCampylobacterloads in carcass rinses than were litter samples. Farm samples explained a greater proportion of the variability in carcass rinse prevalences and loads forCampylobacterthan they did forSalmonella. SalmonellaandCampylobacterprevalences and loads both decreased significantly as birds progressed through the processing plant.

Assessing and analysing contamination of a dairy products processing plant byStaphylococcus aureususing antibiotic resistance and PFGE

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Tondo ◽  
MC M Guimarães ◽  
J AP Henriques ◽  
M AZ Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

A dairy product processing plant was studied for 2.5 years to examine contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and try to correlate the source of contamination. Cultures were submitted to an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and characterised by Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results showed that 35.2% (19/51) of food handlers were asymptomatic carriers of S. aureus, and that 90.4% (19/21) of raw milk sampled was contaminated. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from only 10 samples among more than 3200 investigated dairy products. No S. aureus contamination was found on machinery. The AST analysis demonstrated sensitivity of tested S. aureus to oxacillin, cephalothin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. AST analysis generated eight different phenotypic profiles, but did not allow us to identify the source of contamination in seven of ten final products. PFGE analysis proved to be a sensitive method as it generated 42 different DNA banding profiles among the 48 S. aureus investigated, demonstrating a lack of predominance of endemic strains in the plant, contrary to suggestions raised by antibiotic resistance typing. Based on PFGE genotyping, S. aureus strains isolated from four contaminated final products were similar to four S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Five final products contained S. aureus different from all other strains collected, and one showed similarity to a strain isolated from a food handler. These results suggest contamination by raw milk as the main source of contamination of the final dairy products.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, dairy products, antibiotic susceptibility, PFGE.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk in the dairy farm and after transport to the processing dairy plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Mörschbächer ◽  
Claudete Rempel ◽  
Mônica Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Transport of cooled raw milk in bulk has greatly improved the quality of the raw material collected by dairy plants as it reduces the proliferation of mesophilic microorganisms that cause milk acidity and hinder its processing. However, refrigeration has favored the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms which are able to grow at low temperatures (below 10ºC) and that produce heat resistant enzymes which degrade some milk components, reducing milk shelf life and causing organoleptic changes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw milk in dairy farms and after its transport to the processing dairy plant, through plate counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Fourteen milk samples were collected from tanks of the dairy-farming properties, and one sample was collected from their milk transport tanker at the entrance of the processing plant. Our results showed that the mean number of mesophilic microorganisms was higher in samples collected straight from the dairy farm tanks than in the samples collected from the transportation tankers at the entrance of the plant. Of the 14 sampled tanks, 64.3% were non-compliant with legislation. The sample collected from the milk transportation tanker containing milk from all properties showed a higher mean number of psychrotrophic microorganisms than the dairy farm samples. We conclude that the milk from dairy properties showed a higher amount of mesophilic microorganisms, and after transportation, at the entrance of the processing plant, there is a higher amount of psychrotrophic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Genetic heterogeneity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from raw milk, Minas Frescal cheese, and food handlers

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.H. Campos ◽  
M.C.D.P.B. André ◽  
L.J. Borges ◽  
A. Kipnis ◽  
F.C. Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
High Diversity

From February 2004 to March 2005, 140 samples of food handlers - hands and nostrils - (92), raw milk (24), and minas frescal cheese (24) were analyzed for the presence of Escherichia coli in a dairy processing plant of Goiás State. Forty-seven E. coli strains were obtained and compared by DNA macrorestriction patterns obtained from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis following XbaI restriction in order to investigate the possible sources of cheese contaminations. Based on PFGE genotyping, one strain isolated from food the hands of a handler and five strains isolated from raw milk were identical or closely related to six strains from cheese suggesting, in these cases, the probable source of E. coli contamination in cheeses. No strain isolated from the nostrils was related to those found in cheeses or milk strains. The results showed high diversity among the strains, demonstrating a lack of predominance of an endemic clone in the dairy plant. This paper highlights the usefulness of PFGE as an epidemiological tool for determining the source of E. coli contamination in the food industry.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Real-Time PCR for Detection of Salmonella in Food

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7046-7052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
Elisa Paccassoni ◽  
Patrick Fach ◽  
Cornelia Bunge ◽  
Annett Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method

ABSTRACT A robust 5′ nuclease (TaqMan) real-time PCR was developed and validated in-house for the specific detection of Salmonella in food. The assay used specifically designed primers and a probe target within the ttrRSBCA locus, which is located near the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 at centisome 30.5. It is required for tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella. The assay correctly identified all 110 Salmonella strains and 87 non-Salmonella strains tested. An internal amplification control, which is coamplified with the same primers as the Salmonella DNA, was also included in the assay. The detection probabilities were 70% when a Salmonella cell suspension containing 103 CFU/ml was used as a template in the PCR (5 CFU per reaction) and 100% when a suspension of 104 CFU/ml was used. A pre-PCR sample preparation protocol including a preenrichment step in buffered peptone water followed by DNA extraction-purification was applied when 110 various food samples (chicken rinses, minced meat, fish, and raw milk) were investigated for Salmonella. The diagnostic accuracy was shown to be 100% compared to the traditional culture method. The overall analysis time of the PCR method was approximately 24 h, in contrast to 4 to 5 days of analysis time for the traditional culture method. This methodology can contribute to meeting the increasing demand of quality assurance laboratories for standard diagnostic methods. Studies are planned to assess the interlaboratory performance of this diagnostic PCR method.

Sanitary Evaluation of Target Flowmeter Used in a Dairy Processing Plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNEL K. GREENE ◽  
THOMAS G. REYNOLDS ◽  
EMILY M. SOUTHERLAND
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Dairy Processing ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

A target flowmeter, used to measure raw milk flow, was examined for sanitary conditions in a university dairy plant 10 times over a period of eight weeks. The flowmeter connection was swabbed at four different locations along the dairy plant connection at four different times during the work day: i) after chlorine sanitization, before product; ii) after product, before cleaning in place (CIP); iii) after CIP, before acid sanitization; and iv) after acid sanitization, at end of day. Samples were plated in duplicate on standard plate count agar and on violet red bile agar. After routine CIP cleaning and sanitization procedures, bacterial counts were low. Additionally, no finished product contamination problems were detected over the 7 months of flowmeter use as shown by routine quality control tests on pasteurized milk which had flowed past the in-line meter as raw milk. These results indicate that normal cleaning and sanitization procedures were adequate for the in-line flowmeter.

scholarly journals Retail Survey of Brazilian Milk and Minas Frescal Cheese and a Contaminated Dairy Plant To Establish Prevalence, Relatedness, and Sources of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (15) ◽  
pp. 4954-4961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Renaldi F. Brito ◽  
Emilia M. P. Santos ◽  
Edna F. Arcuri ◽  
Carla C. Lange ◽  
Maria A. V. P. Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Dairy Plant

ABSTRACT A study was designed to recover Listeria monocytogenes from pasteurized milk and Minas frescal cheese (MFC) sampled at retail establishments (REs) and to identify the contamination source(s) of these products in the corresponding dairy processing plant. Fifty milk samples (9 brands) and 55 MFC samples (10 brands) were tested from REs located in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. All milk samples and 45 samples from 9 of 10 MFC brands tested negative for L. monocytogenes; however, “brand F” of MFC obtained from REs 119 and 159 tested positive. Thus, the farm/plant that produced brand F MFC was sampled; all samples from the milking parlor tested negative for L. monocytogenes, whereas several sites within the processing plant and the MFC samples tested positive. All 344 isolates recovered from retail MFC, plant F MFC, and plant F environmental samples were serotype 1/2a and displayed the same AscI or ApaI fingerprints. Since these results established that the storage coolers served as the contamination source of the MFC, plant F was closed so that corrective renovations could be made. Following renovation, samples from sites that previously tested positive for the pathogen were collected from the processing environment and from MFC on multiple visits; all tested negative for L. monocytogenes. In addition, on subsequent visits to REs 159 and 119, all MFC samples tested negative for the pathogen. Studies are ongoing to quantify the prevalence, levels, and types of L. monocytogenes in MFC and associated processing plants to lessen the likelihood of listeriosis in Brazil.

scholarly journals Real-Time PCR Detection of Paenibacillus spp. in Raw Milk To Predict Shelf Life Performance of Pasteurized Fluid Milk Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5855-5863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Ranieri ◽  
Reid A. Ivy ◽  
W. Robert Mitchell ◽  
Emma Call ◽  
Stephanie N. Masiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Taqman Pcr ◽  
Fluid Milk

ABSTRACTPsychrotolerant sporeformers, specificallyPaenibacillusspp., are important spoilage bacteria for pasteurized, refrigerated foods such as fluid milk. WhilePaenibacillusspp. have been isolated from farm environments, raw milk, processing plant environments, and pasteurized fluid milk, no information on the number ofPaenibacillusspp. that need to be present in raw milk to cause pasteurized milk spoilage was available. A real-time PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene was designed to detectPaenibacillusspp. in fluid milk and to discriminate betweenPaenibacillusand other closely related spore-forming bacteria. Specificity was confirmed using 16Paenibacillusand 17Bacillusisolates. All 16Paenibacillusisolates were detected with a mean cycle threshold (CT) of 19.14 ± 0.54. While 14/17Bacillusisolates showed no signal (CT> 40), 3Bacillusisolates showed very weak positive signals (CT= 38.66 ± 0.65). The assay provided a detection limit of approximately 3.25 × 101CFU/ml using total genomic DNA extracted from raw milk samples inoculated withPaenibacillus. Application of the TaqMan PCR to colony lysates obtained from heat-treated and enriched raw milk provided fast and accurate detection ofPaenibacillus. Heat-treated milk samples wherePaenibacillus(≥1 CFU/ml) was detected by this colony TaqMan PCR showed high bacterial counts (>4.30 log CFU/ml) after refrigerated storage (6°C) for 21 days. We thus developed a tool for rapid detection ofPaenibacillusthat has the potential to identify raw milk with microbial spoilage potential as a pasteurized product.

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