scholarly journals Plasmid Typing and Resistance Profiling of Escherichia fergusonii and Other Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from South Korean Farm Animals

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 3163-3166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Rayamajhi ◽  
Seung Bin Cha ◽  
Seung Won Shin ◽  
Byeong Yeal Jung ◽  
Suk-Kyung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Plasmid Replicons

ABSTRACTIn this study, we focused on determining the distribution and prevalence of major plasmid replicons in β-lactam-resistantEscherichia fergusoniiandEnterobacteriaceaeof animal and human origin. A high degree of plasmid variability and multiple plasmid replicons were observed among the isolates. The IncF and IncI1 replicons were the most prevalent inE. fergusoniiandSalmonella entericaserovar Indiana isolated from swine and poultry in South Korea, respectively. The presence of broad-host-range plasmid replicons such as IncN, IncA/C, IncHI1, and IncHI2 that are associated with important virulence genes and toxins as well as antimicrobial resistance determinants indicates thatE. fergusoniihas the potential to become an important pig pathogen and possible emerging opportunistic zoonotic pathogen.

scholarly journals IncP Plasmid Carrying Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae from Hospital Sewage

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Zhao ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Xiaoju Lü ◽  
Alan McNally ◽  
Zhiyong Zong
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Hospital Sewage

ABSTRACT A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 313 (ST313) recovered from hospital sewage was found carrying the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1, which was bracketed by two copies of the insertion sequence ISApl1 on a 57-kb self-transmissible IncP-type plasmid of a new IncP-1 clade. The carriage of mcr-1 on a self-transmissible broad-host-range plasmid highlights that mcr-1 has the potential to spread beyond the Enterobacteriaceae family.

scholarly journals Continuous Control of the Flow in Biochemical Pathways through 5′ Untranslated Region Sequence Modifications in mRNA Expressed from the Broad-Host-Range PromoterPm

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2648-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmi Lale ◽  
Laila Berg ◽  
Friederike Stüttgen ◽  
Roman Netzer ◽  
Marit Stafsnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTThe induciblePmpromoter integrated into broad-host-range plasmid RK2 replicons can be fine-tuned continuously between the uninduced and maximally induced levels by varying the inducer concentrations. To lower the uninduced background level while still maintaining the inducibility for applications in, for example, metabolic engineering and synthetic (systems) biology, we report here the use of mutations in thePmDNA region corresponding to the 5′ untranslated region of mRNA (UTR). Five UTR variants obtained by doped oligonucleotide mutagenesis and selection, apparently reducing the efficiency of translation, were all found to display strongly reduced uninduced expression of three different reporter genes (encoding β-lactamase, luciferase, and phosphoglucomutase) inEscherichia coli. The ratio between induced and uninduced expression remained the same or higher compared to cells containing a corresponding plasmid with the wild-type UTR. Interestingly, the UTR variants also displayed similar effects on expression when substituted for the native UTR in another and constitutive promoter,P1(Pantitet), indicating a broad application potential of these UTR variants. Two of the selected variants were used to control the production of the C50carotenoid sarcinaxanthin in an engineered strain ofE. colithat produces the precursor lycopene. Sarcinaxanthin is produced in this particular strain by expressing threeMicrococcus luteusderived genes from the promoterPm. The results indicated that UTR variants can be used to eliminate sarcinaxanthin production under uninduced conditions, whereas cells containing the corresponding plasmid with a wild-type UTR produced ca. 25% of the level observed under induced conditions.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuniColonization in the Crow Gut Involves Many Deletions within the Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene Cluster

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keya Sen ◽  
Jingrang Lu ◽  
Piyali Mukherjee ◽  
Tanner Berglund ◽  
Eunice Varughese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Geographical Regions

ABSTRACTCampylobacterspp. are major causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. The virulence potential ofCampylobactershed in crow feces obtained from a roost area in Bothell, Washington, was studied and compared with that from isolates from other parts of Washington and from a different crow species 7,000 miles away in Kolkata, India.Campylobacterorganisms were isolated from 61% and 69% of the fecal samples obtained from Washington and Kolkata, respectively, and were confirmed to beC. jejuni. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene cluster from these isolates revealed a truncated sequence of approximately 1,350 bp. Sequencing of the gene cluster revealed two types of mutations: a 668-bp deletion acrosscdtAandcdtBand a 51-bp deletion withincdtB. Some strains had additional 20-bp deletions incdtB. In either case, a functional toxin is not expected; a functional toxin is produced by the expression of three tandem genes,cdtA,cdtB, andcdtC. Reverse transcriptase PCR with total RNA extracted from the isolates showed no expression ofcdtB. A toxin assay performed with these isolates on HeLa cells failed to show cytotoxic effects on the cells. However, the isolates were able to colonize the chicken ceca for a period of at least 4 weeks, similar to that of a clinical isolate. Other virulence gene markers, flagellin A and CadF, were present in 100% of the isolates. Our study suggests that crows carry the bacteriumC. jejunibut with a dysfunctional toxin protein that is expected to drastically reduce its potential to cause diarrhea.IMPORTANCECampylobacters are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Since outbreaks have most often been correlated with poultry or unpasteurized dairy products, contact with farm animals, or contaminated water, historically, the majority of the studies have been with campylobacter isolates from poultry, domestic animals, and human patients. However, the bacterium has a broad host range that includes birds. These reservoirs need to be investigated, because the identification of the source and a determination of the transmission routes for a pathogen are important for the development of evidence-based disease control programs. In this study, two species of the human-commensal crow, from two different geographical regions separated by 7,000 miles of land and water, have been examined for their ability to cause disease by shedding campylobacters. Our results show that the crow may not play a significant role in campylobacteriosis, because the campylobacter organisms they shed produce a nonfunctional toxin.

scholarly journals Global Transcriptional Regulation of Backbone Genes in Broad-Host-Range Plasmid RA3 from the IncU Group Involves Segregation Protein KorB (ParB Family)

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 2320-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kulinska ◽  
Jolanta Godziszewska ◽  
Anna Wojciechowska ◽  
Marta Ludwiczak ◽  
Grazyna Jagura-Burdzy
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Stable Plasmid ◽  
Stable Maintenance

ABSTRACTThe KorB protein of the broad-host-range conjugative plasmid RA3 from the IncU group belongs to the ParB family of plasmid and chromosomal segregation proteins. As a partitioning DNA-binding factor, KorB specifically recognizes a 16-bp palindrome which is an essential motif in the centromere-like sequenceparSRA3, forms a segrosome, and together with its partner IncC (ParA family) participates in active DNA segregation ensuring stable plasmid maintenance. Here we show that by binding to this palindromic sequence, KorB also acts as a repressor for the adjacentmobCpromoter driving expression of themobC-nicoperon, which is involved in DNA processing during conjugation. Three other promoters, one buried in the conjugative transfer module and two divergent promoters located at the border between the replication and stability regions, are regulated by KorB binding to additional KorB operators (OBs). KorB acts as a repressor at a distance, binding to OBs separated from their cognate promoters by between 46 and 1,317 nucleotides. This repressor activity is facilitated by KorB spreading along DNA, since a polymerization-deficient KorB variant with its dimerization and DNA-binding abilities intact is inactive in transcriptional repression. KorB may act as a global regulator of RA3 plasmid functions inEscherichia coli, since its overexpression intransnegatively interferes with mini-RA3 replication and stable maintenance of RA3.

scholarly journals Enterococcal transposon Tn5384: evolution of a composite transposon through cointegration of enterococcal and staphylococcal plasmids.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1854-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Bonafede ◽  
L L Carias ◽  
L B Rice
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmids

Mechanisms for the possible transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between staphylococci and enterococci remain poorly defined. We have previously reported the transfer between Enterococcus faecalis strains of a multiresistance chromosomal element (beta-lactamase positive and resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, mercuric chloride, streptomycin, and tetracycline) which we have tentatively designated Tn5385. Tn5385 is a composite of several smaller transposable elements, including Tn5384, a 26-kb composite transposon conferring resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, and mercuric chloride. Analyses of 7 kb within Tn5384 and flanking sequences within the larger element revealed sequences characteristic of staphylococcal beta-lactamase and small, mobilizable plasmids flanking a region with a sequence identical to those of the replication genes previously described for enterococcal and streptococcal broad-host-range plasmids. These diverse regions are linked by insertion sequences IS256 and IS257 in a manner which suggests a series of cointegration events as the genesis of the current relationship. Taken together, these data suggest that Tn5384 and the larger element within which it is incorporated (Tn5385) evolved at least in part as a result of cointegration between an enterococcal broad-host-range plasmid and staphylococcal beta-lactamase and small mobilizable plasmids. These results implicate broad-host-range plasmids in the transfer of resistance determinants from staphylococci to enterococci.

scholarly journals Cooperativity between KorB and TrbA Repressors of Broad-Host-Range Plasmid RK2

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Zatyka ◽  
Lewis Bingle ◽  
Anthony C. Jones ◽  
Christopher M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Mating Pair ◽  
Transcription Start ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Plasmid Genes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Plasmid Rk2

ABSTRACT The KorB and TrbA proteins of broad-host-range plasmid RK2 are key regulators of the plasmid genes required for conjugative transfer.trbBp is the primary promoter responsible for expression of mating pair formation genes. We show that despite the targets for KorB and TrbA at trbBp being about 165 bp apart, 189 bp upstream of the transcription start point and overlapping the −10 region, respectively, these two proteins show up to 10-fold cooperativity for the repression of trbBp. Deletion analysis of TrbA showed that the C-terminal domain (CTD), which has a high degree of sequence conservation with the CTD of KorA, is required for this cooperativity with KorB. Western blotting demonstrated that the apparently mutual enhancement of repression is not due simply to elevation of repressor level by the presence of the second protein, suggesting that the basis for cooperativity is interaction between KorB and TrbA bound at their respective operators.

scholarly journals Potential Pathogenicity and Host Range of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Poultry

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5830-5833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Bortolaia ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
Peter Damborg ◽  
Luca Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type Complex ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity

ABSTRACTThirty of 33 epidemiologically unrelated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coliisolates from healthy poultry lacked the virulence genes commonly associated with human-pathogenic strains. The main zoonotic risk is associated with the broad host range of avianE. colibelonging to sequence type complex 10 and of IncN and IncI1 plasmids carryingblaCTX-MorblaSHV.

scholarly journals Novel Virulent and Broad-Host-Range Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophages Reveal a High Degree of Mosaicism and a Relationship to Enterobacteriaceae Phages

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 5945-5954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Born ◽  
Lars Fieseler ◽  
Janine Marazzi ◽  
Rudi Lurz ◽  
Brion Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Terminal Repeats ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTA diverse set of 24 novel phages infecting the fire blight pathogenErwinia amylovorawas isolated from fruit production environments in Switzerland. Based on initial screening, four phages (L1, M7, S6, and Y2) with broad host ranges were selected for detailed characterization and genome sequencing. Phage L1 is a member of thePodoviridae, with a 39.3-kbp genome featuring invariable genome ends with direct terminal repeats. Phage S6, another podovirus, was also found to possess direct terminal repeats but has a larger genome (74.7 kbp), and the virus particle exhibits a complex tail fiber structure. Phages M7 and Y2 both belong to theMyoviridaefamily and feature long, contractile tails and genomes of 84.7 kbp (M7) and 56.6 kbp (Y2), respectively, with direct terminal repeats. The architecture of all four phage genomes is typical for tailed phages, i.e., organized into function-specific gene clusters. All four phages completely lack genes or functions associated with lysogeny control, which correlates well with their broad host ranges and indicates strictly lytic (virulent) lifestyles without the possibility for host lysogenization. Comparative genomics revealed that M7 is similar toE. amylovoravirus ΦEa21-4, whereas L1, S6, and Y2 are unrelated to any otherE. amylovoraphage. Instead, they feature similarities to enterobacterial viruses T7, N4, and ΦEcoM-GJ1. In a series of laboratory experiments, we provide proof of concept that specific two-phage cocktails offer the potential for biocontrol of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Complete Sequence of Broad-Host-Range Plasmid pRIO-5 Harboring the Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase GeneblaBES-1

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 1116-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy A. Bonnin ◽  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Jorge Luiz Mello Sampaio ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid

ABSTRACTBroad-host-range plasmid pRIO-5, harboring the extended-spectrum β-lactamaseblaBES-1gene inSerratia marcescens, was fully sequenced. Analysis of the 12,957-bp sequence of this IncP6-type plasmid revealed that theblaBES-1gene was associated with two copies of the insertion sequence IS26. The promoter responsible for theblaBES-1expression was hybrid, made of a −35 box located inside the inverted repeat of IS26and a −10 box inside a remnant of an insertion sequence.

scholarly journals Plasmid-Borne erm(T) from Invasive, Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Woodbury ◽  
Kathryn A. Klammer ◽  
Yang Xiong ◽  
Timothy Bailiff ◽  
Anita Glennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Group A ◽  
Methylase Gene

ABSTRACT Twenty-three isolates of group A streptococci (GAS) recovered from population-based invasive GAS surveillance in the United States were erythromycin resistant, inducibly clindamycin resistant, and lacked known macrolide resistance determinants. These 23 isolates, representing four different clones, contained a broad-host-range plasmid carrying the erm(T) methylase gene, which has not been detected in GAS previously.

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