scholarly journals Tetracycline Resistance-Encoding Plasmid fromBacillussp. Strain #24, Isolated from the Marine SpongeHaliclona simulans

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Phelan ◽  
Charles Clarke ◽  
John P. Morrissey ◽  
Alan D. W. Dobson ◽  
Fergal O'Gara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
First Report ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Haliclona Simulans

ABSTRACTKnowledge of the nature of resistance determinants in natural habitats is fundamental to increasing our understanding of the development of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. Here we provide the first report of a tetracycline resistance-encoding plasmid, pBHS24, from a marine sponge-associated bacterium,Bacillussp. strain #24, isolated fromHaliclona simulans.

Antibiotic survey ofLactococcus lactisstrains to six antibiotics by Etest, and establishment of new susceptibility-resistance cut-off values

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Flórez ◽  
Morten Danielsen ◽  
Jenni Korhonen ◽  
Joanna Zycka ◽  
Atte von Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
S Genes ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

In order to establish cut-off values forLactococcus lactisto six antibiotics to distinguish susceptible and intrinsically resistant strains from those having acquired resistances, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin was determined in 93 differentLc. lactisstrains using the Etest. These bacterial strains were originally isolated from dairy and animal sources in widely separated geographical locations. Cut-offs were defined on the basis of the distribution of the MICs frequency of the studied antibiotics, which in the absence of acquired determinants should approach to a normal statistical distribution. In general, the new cut-off values proposed in this study are higher than previously defined (European Commission, 2005. The EFSA Journal 223, 1–12). Based on these new values, all the strains tested were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin, and 79 susceptible to all six antibiotics. However, 11 strains (around 12%) were considered resistant to tetracycline (six of which had been identified after screening of a large collection of lactococci strains for tetracycline resistance) and five (5·4%) resistant to streptomycin. Of these, two fish isolates proved to be resistance to both tetracycline and streptomycin. From the tetracycline resistant strains,tet(M) and mosaictet(L/S) genes were amplified by PCR, demonstrating they harboured acquired antibiotic resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Incidence, Distribution, and Spread of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants and Integron-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes among Motile Aeromonads from a Fish Farming Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5675-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja S. Schmidt ◽  
Morten S. Bruun ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Jens L. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT A collection of 313 motile aeromonads isolated at Danish rainbow trout farms was analyzed to identify some of the genes involved in high levels of antimicrobial resistance found in a previous field trial (A. S. Schmidt, M. S. Bruun, I. Dalsgaard, K. Pedersen, and J. L. Larsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4908–4915, 2000), the predominant resistance phenotype (37%) being a combined oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulphadiazine/trimethoprim resistance. Combined sulphonamide/trimethoprim resistance (135 isolates) appeared closely related to the presence of a class 1 integron (141 strains). Among the isolates containing integrons, four different combinations of integrated resistance gene cassettes occurred, in all cases including a dihydrofolate reductase gene and a downstream aminoglycoside resistance insert (87 isolates) and occasionally an additional chloramphenicol resistance gene cassette (31 isolates). In addition, 23 isolates had “empty” integrons without inserted gene cassettes. As far as OTC resistance was concerned, only 66 (30%) out of 216 resistant aeromonads could be assigned to resistance determinant class A (19 isolates), D (n = 6), or E (n = 39); three isolates contained two tetracycline resistance determinants (AD, AE, and DE). Forty OTC-resistant isolates containing large plasmids were selected as donors in a conjugation assay, 27 of which also contained a class 1 integron. Out of 17 successful R-plasmid transfers to Escherichia coli recipients, the respective integrons were cotransferred along with the tetracycline resistance determinants in 15 matings. Transconjugants were predominantly tetApositive (10 of 17) and contained class 1 integrons with two or more inserted antibiotic resistance genes. While there appeared to be a positive correlation between conjugative R-plasmids andtetA among the OTC-resistant aeromonads, tetEand the unclassified OTC resistance genes as well as class 1 integrons were equally distributed among isolates with and without plasmids. These findings indicate the implication of other mechanisms of gene transfer besides plasmid transfer in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among environmental motile aeromonads.

Characterization of staphylococci contaminating automated teller machines in Hong Kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZHANG ◽  
M. O'DONONGHUE ◽  
M. V. BOOST
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Resistance Determinants

SUMMARYEnvironmental staphylococcal contamination was investigated by culture of 400 automated teller machines (ATMs). Isolates were characterized for antibiotic and antiseptic susceptibility, carriage of antiseptic resistance genes (QAC genes), and spa types. MRSA, which was similar to local clinical isolates, was present on two (0·5%) of the 62 (15·5%) ATMs that yielded Staphylococcus aureus. QAC genes were more common in coagulase-negative staphylococci (qacA/B 26·0%, smr 14%) than S. aureus (11·3% qacA/B, 1·6% smr). QAC-positive isolates had significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations to benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate. QAC gene presence was significantly associated with methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Survival of staphylococci, including MRSA, on common access sites may be facilitated by low disinfectant concentrations, which select for disinfectant-tolerant strains, while co-selecting for antibiotic-resistance determinants. Disinfection procedures should be performed correctly to help prevent spread of resistant pathogens from reservoirs in the community.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of antibiotic-resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant Shigella strains isolated from Chilean children

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. TORO ◽  
M. FARFÁN ◽  
I. CONTRERAS ◽  
O. FLORES ◽  
N. NAVARRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Class 1

A total of 162 clinical isolates of Shigella collected from children in a semi-rural community of Chile were examined for the presence of genetic determinants of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. Ampicillin resistance was most frequently associated with the presence of blaOXA in S. flexneri and with blaTEM in S. sonnei. The blaOXA gene but not blaTEM was located in class 1 integrons. The dhfrIa gene encoding for resistance to trimethoprim was associated to class 2 integrons and detected exclusively in S. flexneri, whereas dhfrIIIc was found in all S. sonnei strains and in 10% of the S. flexneri isolates. Cat, coding for choramphenicol resistance, and blaOXA genes were located in the chromosome in all cases, whereas tetA gene, coding for tetracycline resistance, and blaTEM, dhfrIa and dhfrIIIc genes were found either in the chromosome or in conjugative plasmids. Our results show a heterogenous distribution of antibiotic-resistance determinants between S. flexneri and S. sonnei.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boars (Sus scrofa) – preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Balázs Libisch ◽  
Tibor Keresztény ◽  
Zoltán Kerényi ◽  
Róbert Kocsis ◽  
Rita Sipos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Faecal Microbiome ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

AbstractIntroductionLand application of manure that contains antibiotics and resistant bacteria may facilitate the establishment of an environmental reservoir of antibiotic-resistant microbes, promoting their dissemination into agricultural and natural habitats. The main objective of this study was to search for acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boar populations living in natural habitats.Material and MethodsGastrointestinal samples of free-living wild boars were collected in the Zemplén Mountains in Hungary and were characterised by culture-based, metagenomic, and molecular microbiological methods. Bioinformatic analysis of the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan was used for comparative studies. Also, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of two untreated sewage wastewater samples from North Pest (Hungary) from 2016 were analysed by bioinformatic methods. Minimum spanning tree diagrams for seven-gene MLST profiles of 104 E. coli strains isolated in Europe from wild boars and domestic pigs were generated in Enterobase.ResultsIn the ileum of a diarrhoeic boar, a dominant E. coli O112ab:H2 strain with intermediate resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin was identified, displaying sequence type ST388 and harbouring the EAST1 toxin astA gene. Metagenomic analyses of the colon and rectum digesta revealed the presence of the tetQ, tetW, tetO, and mefA antibiotic resistance genes that were also detected in the gut microbiome of four other wild boars from the mountains. Furthermore, the tetQ and cfxA genes were identified in the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan.ConclusionThe gastrointestinal microbiota of the free-living wild boars examined in this study carried acquired antibiotic resistance determinants that are highly prevalent among domestic livestock populations.

scholarly journals Role of Cj1211 in Natural Transformation and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Campylobacter jejuni

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeonghwa Jeon ◽  
Wayne Muraoka ◽  
Orhan Sahin ◽  
Qijing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni, an important food-borne human pathogen, is increasingly resistant to antimicrobials. Natural transformation is considered to be a main mechanism for mediating the transfer of genetic materials encoding antibiotic resistance determinants in C. jejuni, but direct evidence for this notion is still lacking. In this study, we determined the role of Cj1211 in natural transformation and in the development of antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni. Insertional mutagenesis of Cj1211, a Helicobacter pylori ComH3 homolog, abolished natural transformation in C. jejuni. In vitro coculture of C. jejuni strains carrying either kanamycin or tetracycline resistance markers demonstrated the development of progenies that were resistant to both antibiotics, indicating that the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants actively occurs in mixed Campylobacter populations. A mutation of Cj1211 or the addition of DNase I in culture media completely inhibited the formation of progenies that were resistant to both antibiotics, indicating that the horizontal transfer of the resistance determinants is mediated by natural transformation. Interestingly, the mutation of Cj1211 also reduced the frequency of emergence of spontaneous mutants that were resistant to fluoroquinolone (FQ) and streptomycin but did not affect the outcome of FQ resistance development under FQ treatment, suggesting that natural transformation does not play a major role in the emergence of FQ-resistant Campylobacter strains during treatment with FQ antimicrobials. These results define Cj1211 as a competence factor in Campylobacter, prove the role of natural transformation in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants in Campylobacter, and provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the development of FQ-resistant Campylobacter strains.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus isolated from tropical recreational waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez ◽  
Jessica I. Rivera ◽  
Mariel Coradin ◽  
Gary A. Toranzos
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Isolate

The prevalence of enterococci harboring tetracycline- and vancomycin-resistance genes, as well as the enterococcal surface protein (esp) has mostly been determined in clinical settings, but their prevalence in tropical recreational waters remains largely unknown. The present study determined the prevalence of tetM (tetracycline-resistance), vanA and vanB (vancomycin-resistance) in the bacterial and viral fractions, enterococci and their induced phages isolated from tropical recreational marine and fresh waters, dry and wet sands. Since lysogenic phages can act as vectors for antibiotic-resistance and virulence factors, the prevalence of the mentioned genes, as well as that of an integrase-encoding gene (int) specific for Enterococcus faecalis phages was determined. Up to 60 and 54% of the bacterial fractions and enterococci, respectively, harbored at least one of the tested genes suggesting that bacteria in tropical environments may be reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes. int was detected in the viral fractions and in one Enterococcus isolate after induction. This study presents the opportunity to determine if the presence of bacteria harboring antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in tropical recreational waters represents a threat to public health.

scholarly journals Poultry Ownership and Genetic Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in the Gut of Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Brogdon ◽  
Ali Sié ◽  
N. Clarisse Dah ◽  
Lucienne Ouermi ◽  
Boubacar Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Data

Zoonotic transmission is likely a pathway for antibiotic resistance. Data from a randomized trial of pediatric antibiotic administration were secondarily evaluated to determine if poultry ownership was significantly associated with the presence of gut genetic antibiotic resistance determinants among 118 children in Burkina Faso. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants were classified using DNA sequencing. We measured the relationship between genetic resistance determinants and chicken ownership using a logistic regression model adjusted for confounding variables. Children in households reporting poultry ownership had four times the odds of tetracycline resistance determinants in the gut compared with those without household poultry (OR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.08–15.44, P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference found for other antibiotic classes. Understanding the origins of antibiotic resistance may help spur the development of interventions to combat the global AMR crisis.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Genetically Diverse, Nonselected, and Nonclinical Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diverse Human and Animal Sources

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2503-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bryan ◽  
Nir Shapir ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT Nonselected and natural populations of Escherichia coli from 12 animal sources and humans were examined for the presence and types of 14 tetracycline resistance determinants. Of 1,263 unique E. coli isolates from humans, pigs, chickens, turkeys, sheep, cows, goats, cats, dogs, horses, geese, ducks, and deer, 31% were highly resistant to tetracycline. More than 78, 47, and 41% of the E. coli isolates from pigs, chickens, and turkeys were resistant or highly resistant to tetracycline, respectively. Tetracycline MICs for 61, 29, and 29% of E. coli isolates from pig, chickens, and turkeys, respectively, were ≥233 μg/ml. Muliplex PCR analyses indicated that 97% of these strains contained at least 1 of 14 tetracycline resistance genes [tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, tetS, tetA(P), tetQ, and tetX] examined. While the most common genes found in these isolates were tetB (63%) and tetA (35%), tetC, tetD, and tetM were also found. E. coli isolates from pigs and chickens were the only strains to have tetM. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of tetM in E. coli.

scholarly journals Time-Scaled Evolutionary Analysis of the Transmission and Antibiotic Resistance Dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (23) ◽  
pp. 7275-7282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ward ◽  
C. L. Gibbons ◽  
P. R. McAdam ◽  
B. A. D. van Bunnik ◽  
E. K. Girvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Gain And Loss

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusclonal complex 398 (CC398) is associated with disease in humans and livestock, and its origins and transmission have generated considerable interest. We performed a time-scaled phylogenetic analysis of CC398, including sequenced isolates from the United Kingdom (Scotland), along with publicly available genomes. Using state-of-the-art methods for mapping traits onto phylogenies, we quantified transitions between host species to identify sink and source populations for CC398 and employed a novel approach to investigate the gain and loss of antibiotic resistance in CC398 over time. We identified distinct human- and livestock-associated CC398 clades and observed multiple transmissions of CC398 from livestock to humans and between countries, lending quantitative support to previous reports. Of note, we identified a subclade within the livestock-associated clade comprised of isolates from hospital environments and newborn babies, suggesting that livestock-associated CC398 is capable of onward transmission in hospitals. In addition, our analysis revealed significant differences in the dynamics of resistance to methicillin and tetracycline related to contrasting historical patterns of antibiotic usage between the livestock industry and human medicine. We also identified significant differences in patterns of gain and loss of different tetracycline resistance determinants, which we ascribe to epistatic interactions between the resistance genes and/or differences in the modes of inheritance of the resistance determinants.

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