scholarly journals Diversity of Archaea in Marine Sediments from Skan Bay, Alaska, Including Cultivated Methanogens, and Description of Methanogenium boonei sp. nov.

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Kendall ◽  
George D. Wardlaw ◽  
Chin F. Tang ◽  
Adam S. Bonin ◽  
Yitai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Important Process ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Physical Instability

ABSTRACT Methanogenesis in cold marine sediments is a globally important process leading to methane hydrate deposits, cold seeps, physical instability of sediment, and atmospheric methane emissions. We employed a multidisciplinary approach that combined culture-dependent and -independent analyses with geochemical measurements in the sediments of Skan Bay, Alaska (53°N, 167°W), to investigate methanogenesis there. Cultivation-independent analyses of the archaeal community revealed that uncultivated microbes of the kingdoms Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota are present at Skan Bay and that methanogens constituted a small proportion of the archaeal community. Methanogens were cultivated from depths of 0 to 60 cm in the sediments, and several strains related to the orders Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales were isolated. Isolates were psychrotolerant marine-adapted strains and included an aceticlastic methanogen, strain AK-6, as well as three strains of CO2-reducing methanogens: AK-3, AK7, and AK-8. The phylogenetic positions and physiological characteristics of these strains are described. We propose a new species, Methanogenium boonei, with strain AK-7 as the type strain.

scholarly journals Ashinkailepas kermadecensis, a new species of deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Thoracica: Eolepadidae) from the Kermadec Islands, southwest Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN S. BUCKERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
A New Species

A new deep-sea stalked barnacle, Ashinkailepas kermadecensis sp. nov. has been recovered from a cold-water seep at depths of 1165 metres in the vicinity of the Kermadec Ridge to the northeast of the North Island, New Zealand. There are now two species of Ashinkailepas—the other, Ashinkailepas seepiophila Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004, occurs in deep, cold seeps off central Japan. As there are two species within Ashinkailepas, formal diagnoses are provided for both taxa.

scholarly journals Proposal for the creation of a new genus Musicola gen. nov., reclassification of Dickeya paradisiaca (Samson et al. 2005) as Musicola paradisiaca comb. nov. and description of a new species Musicola keenii sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat ◽  
Cécile Jacot des-Combes ◽  
Jérôme Briolay ◽  
Leighton Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Laboratory Collection

The Pectobacteriaceae family of important plant pathogens includes the genus Dickeya . There are currently 12 described species of Dickeya , although some are poorly characterized at the genomic level. Only two genomes of Dickeya paradisiaca , the type strain CFBP 4178T and strain Ech703, have previously been sequenced. Members of this species are mostly of tropical or subtropical origin. During an investigation of strains present in our laboratory collection we sequenced the atypical strain A3967, registered as CFBP 722, isolated from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) in the South of France in 1965. The genome of strain A3967 shares digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 68 and 96 %, respectively, with the D. paradisiaca type strain CFBP 4178T. However, ANI analysis showed that D. paradisiaca strains are significantly dissimilar to the other Dickeya species, such that less than one third of their genomes align to any other Dickeya genome. On phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic grounds, we propose a reassignment of D. paradisiaca to the genus level, for which we propose the name Musicola gen. nov., with Musicola paradisiaca as the type species and CFBP 4178T (NCPPB 2511T) as the type strain. Phenotypic analysis showed differences between strain A3967T and CFBP 4178T, such as for the assimilation of melibiose, raffinose and myo-inositol. These results support the description of two novel species, namely Musicola paradisiaca comb. nov. and Musicola keenii sp. nov., with CFBP 4178T (NCPPB 2511T=LMG 2542T) and A3967T (CFBP 8732T=LMG 31880T) as the type strains, respectively.

scholarly journals A new species of the genus Smacigastes Ivanenko & Defaye, 2004 (Tegastidae, Harpacticoida, Copepoda) from the Onnuri Vent Field in the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-714
Author(s):  
Jong Guk Kim ◽  
Jimin Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
A New Species

The genus Smacigastes Ivanenko & Defaye, 2004 (Harpacticoida, Copepoda) is the most primitive genus in the family Tegastidae Sars, 1904, occurring in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments, such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls and wood falls. Our exploration of the Onnuri Vent Field, the sixth active hydrothermal vent system in the Central Indian Ridge, resulted in the discovery of a new species in the genus Smacigastes. A detailed morphological analysis of S. pumilasp. nov. reveals that it most resembles S. barti Gollner, Ivanenko & Martínez Arbizu, 2008, described from a hydrothermal vent in the East Pacific Ridge; the new species can be distinguished from the existing species by the 8-segmented female antennule, the absence of an abexopodal seta on the antennary basis, the mandibular exopod represented by a single seta and the exopod of the first leg with five setae. This is the first record of Smacigastes in the Indian Ocean. A dichotomous key to species of the genus Smacigastes worldwide is provided.

Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov., isolated from the stratosphere

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjie Yang ◽  
Takashi Itoh ◽  
Shin-ichi Yokobori ◽  
Haruo Shimada ◽  
Shiho Itahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
A New Species

A pink-red pigmented, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, ST0316T, was isolated from dust samples collected from the stratosphere in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it belonged to the genus Deinococcus. DNA G+C content (69.8 mol%), desiccation tolerance, and resistance to gamma-rays [D10 (dose required to reduce the bacterial population by 10-fold) >8 kGy] and UV radiation (D10 1000 J m−2) supported the affiliation of strain ST0316T to the genus Deinococcus. The major peptidoglycan amino acids were d-glutamic acid, glycine, d-alanine, l-alanine and ornithine. Predominant fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Strain ST0316T diverged from recognized species of the genus Deinococcus, showing less than 93.0 % similarity values to its closest relatives Deinococcus apachensis, D. aerius, D. geothermalis and D. murrayi. Strain ST0316T also differed from the type strains of closely related species in its polar lipid profile, nitrate reduction and carbon-source assimilation tests. Therefore, we propose a new species of the genus Deinococcus, Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov. (type strain, ST0316T =JCM 11751T =DSM 21230T).

Asteracanthus (Hybodontiformes: Acrodontidae) remains from the Jurassic of Hungary, with the description of a new species and with remarks on the taxonomy and paleobiology of the genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
Márton Szabó ◽  
István Fózy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
A New Species

The present paper reports dental remains from Jurassic marine sediments of Hungary, referred to as Asteracanthus dunaii sp. nov. and Asteracanthus ornatissimus. Teeth of the new species Asteracanthus dunaii sp. nov. differ from all other Jurassic species of Asteracanthus by the unique occlusal ornamentation, by the presence of a mesiodistally running, low and wide transversal ridge (causing a hat-like, asymmetrical outline in cross-section view), and by the arched shape of the mesially domed second lateral teeth. The tooth material of the new species is assumed to belong to the same individual. The present study also highlights the importance of the revision of previously collected and/or not inventoried fossil materials housed in private and museum collections, and also that of untended sections of palaeontological collections worldwide. A revision of the Jurassic species of Asteracanthus, and a short summary of what we know about the feeding strategy and body size of Asteracanthus is also reported.

scholarly journals Butyrate Conversion by Sulfate-Reducing and Methanogenic Communities from Anoxic Sediments of Aarhus Bay, Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Derya Ozuolmez ◽  
Elisha K. Moore ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Vertical Separation ◽  
Sulfate Reducers ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Initial Zone

The conventional perception that the zone of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis are separated in high- and low-sulfate-containing marine sediments has recently been changed by studies demonstrating their co-occurrence in sediments. The presence of methanogens was linked to the presence of substrates that are not used by sulfate reducers. In the current study, we hypothesized that both groups can co-exist, consuming common substrates (H2 and/or acetate) in sediments. We enriched butyrate-degrading communities in sediment slurries originating from the sulfate, sulfate–methane transition, and methane zone of Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Sulfate was added at different concentrations (0, 3, 20 mM), and the slurries were incubated at 10 °C and 25 °C. During butyrate conversion, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis occurred simultaneously. The syntrophic butyrate degrader Syntrophomonas was enriched both in sulfate-amended and in sulfate-free slurries, indicating the occurrence of syntrophic conversions at both conditions. Archaeal community analysis revealed a dominance of Methanomicrobiaceae. The acetoclastic Methanosaetaceae reached high relative abundance in the absence of sulfate, while presence of acetoclastic Methanosarcinaceae was independent of the sulfate concentration, temperature, and the initial zone of the sediment. This study shows that there is no vertical separation of sulfate reducers, syntrophs, and methanogens in the sediment and that they all participate in the conversion of butyrate.

scholarly journals Propionate Converting Anaerobic Microbial Communities Enriched from Distinct Biogeochemical Zones of Aarhus Bay, Denmark under Sulfidogenic and Methanogenic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Ozuolmez ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Caroline M. Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Propionate Degradation ◽  
Whole Sediment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sediment Bacterial Community

The relationship between predominant physiological types of prokaryotes in marine sediments and propionate degradation through sulfate reduction, fermentation, and methanogenesis was studied in marine sediments. Propionate conversion was assessed in slurries containing sediment from three different biogeochemical zones of Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Sediment slurries were amended with 0, 3, or 20 mM sulfate and incubated at 25 °C and 10 °C for 514–571 days. Methanogenesis in the sulfate zone and sulfate reduction in the methane zone slurries was observed. Both processes occurred simultaneously in enrichments originating from samples along the whole sediment. Bacterial community analysis revealed the dominance of Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae members in sulfate-amended slurries incubated at 25°C and 10°C. Cryptanaerobacter belonging to the Peptococcaceae family dominated sulfate-free methanogenic slurries at 25°C, whereas bacteria related to Desulfobacteraceae were dominant at 10°C. Archaeal community analysis revealed the prevalence of different genera belonging to Methanomicrobiales in slurries incubated at different temperatures and amended with different sulfate concentrations. Methanosarcinaceae were only detected in the absence of sulfate. In summary, Aarhus Bay sediment zones contain sulfate reducers, syntrophs, and methanogens interacting with each other in the conversion of propionate. Our results indicate that in Aarhus Bay sediments, Cryptanaerobacter degraded propionate in syntrophic association with methanogens.

scholarly journals Isolation of sulfate-reducing bacteria from Tunisian marine sediments and description of Desulfovibrio bizertensis sp. nov.

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2909-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfa Haouari ◽  
Marie-Laure Fardeau ◽  
Laurence Casalot ◽  
Jean-Luc Tholozan ◽  
Moktar Hamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Growth Optimum ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Several strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from marine sediments recovered near Tunis, Korbous and Bizerte, Tunisia. They all showed characteristics consistent with members of the genus Desulfovibrio. One of these strains, designated MB3T, was characterized further. Cells of strain MB3T were slender, curved, vibrio-shaped, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods. They were positive for desulfoviridin as bisulfite reductase. Strain MB3T grew at temperatures of 15–45 °C (optimum 40 °C) and at pH 6.0–8.1 (optimum pH 7.0). NaCl was required for growth (optimum 20 g NaCl l−1). Strain MB3T utilized H2 in the presence of acetate with sulfate as electron acceptor. It also utilized lactate, ethanol, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, butanol and propanol as electron donors. Lactate was oxidized incompletely to acetate. Strain MB3T fermented pyruvate and fumarate (poorly). Electron acceptors utilized included sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and fumarate, but not nitrate or nitrite. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51 mol%. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MB3T (=DSM 18034T=NCIMB 14199T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Desulfovibrio bizertensis sp. nov.

scholarly journals A new species and phylogenetic insights in Hesiospina (Annelida, Hesionidae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4441 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO BONIFÁCIO ◽  
YANN LELIÈVRE ◽  
EMMANUELLE OMNES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Juan De Fuca Ridge ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
Ne Pacific ◽  
A New Species

Hesionids are a very speciose group of polychaetes. In the deep sea, they occur in different environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, abyssal depths or whale falls. In the present study, a new species of Hesionidae, Hesiospina legendrei sp. nov. has been identified based on morphological and molecular (16S and COI genes) data from hydrothermal vents located in Juan de Fuca Ridge (NE Pacific Ocean). This new species is characterized by trapezoid prostomium; proboscis with high number of distal papillae (20–27), a pair of sac-like structures inserted ventro-laterally in proboscis; notopodia lobe reduced with multiple, slender aciculae on segments 1–5; and neuropodia developed with single, simple chaeta, and numerous, heterogomph falcigers, with 1–2 inferiormost having elongated hood. Hesiospina legendrei sp. nov. is the third described species in the genus. Sequences from the two previously described Hesiospina species are included in the molecular analyses, and although the genes used in this study are not sufficient to resolve the relationships on genus level, the result raises questions about the cosmopolitan aspect of H. vestimentifera. 

Escarpia southwardae sp. nov., a new species of vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida, Siboglinidae) from West African cold seeps

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Andersen ◽  
S Hourdez ◽  
B Marie ◽  
D Jollivet ◽  
F H Lallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
African Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Vestimentiferan Tubeworm ◽  
A New Species

A new species of vestimentiferan tubeworm belonging to the genus Escarpia is described from cold seeps off the western coast of Africa. The description is based on two collections (one of 180 animals, the other of 30 animals) using both morphological and molecular techniques. Morphologically, the African tubeworms are very similar to Escarpia laminata Jones, 1985 but differ from all other escarpids by the lack of branchial pinnules, a unique feature among vestimentiferans. Molecular evidence from sequences of the cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I gene places the species in the escarpid clade, closely related to E. laminata and Escarpia spicata Jones, 1985, but fails to discriminate among the three species. Four morphotypes are identified in the African species, corresponding to the four permutations of the following characters: presence or absence of an axial rod on the obturaculum and presence or absence of a split on the posterior ventral margin of the vestimentum. However, molecular data could not distinguish them as separate species. We suggest that the lack of an axial rod reflects predation. Biometrical data indicate a discontinuous recruitment period, as is known for other vestimentiferan species. Sex ratios are balanced, but females tend to be larger than males. We hypothesize that the males grow more slowly or die younger than the females.

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