scholarly journals Exposure to Bioaerosols during the Growth Season of Tomatoes in an Organic Greenhouse Using Supresivit (Trichoderma harzianum) and Mycostop (Streptomyces griseoviridis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (17) ◽  
pp. 5874-5881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinni Mona Hansen ◽  
Anne Winding ◽  
Anne Mette Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Streptomyces Griseoviridis ◽  
Endotoxin Content

ABSTRACT In working environments, especially in confined spaces like greenhouses, elevated concentrations of airborne microorganisms may become a problem for workers' health. Additionally, the use of microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) may increase exposure to microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate tomato growers' exposure to naturally occurring bioaerosol components [dust, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, (1→3)-β-d-glucans, and endotoxin] and MPCAs applied by drip irrigation. Airborne dust was collected with filter samplers and analyzed for microorganisms by plate counts and total counts using a microscope. Analysis of (1→3)-β-d-glucan and endotoxin content was performed by kinetic, chromatic Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests. The fungal strain (Trichoderma harzianum) from the biocontrol product Supresivit was identified by PCR analysis. Measurements were performed on the day of drip irrigation and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the irrigation. T. harzianum from Supresivit could be detected only on the day of treatment. Streptomyces griseoviridis, an applied MPCA, was not detected in the air during this investigation. We found that bioaerosol exposure increases during the growth season and that exposure to fungi, bacteria, and endotoxin can reach levels during the harvest period that may cause respiratory symptoms in growers. The collected data indicate that MPCAs applied by drip irrigation do not become airborne later in the season.

scholarly journals Effect on the Antioxidant, Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenger Capacity, Nutritional, Sensory and Microbiological Traits of an Ovine Stretched Cheese Produced with Grape Pomace Powder Addition

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Gaglio ◽  
Ignazio Restivo ◽  
Marcella Barbera ◽  
Pietro Barbaccia ◽  
Marialetizia Ponte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Acid Generation ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Ovine Cheese ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Ewe's Milk ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Experimental Trials

An innovative ovine cheese enriched with red grape pomace powder (GPP) was produced to improve the functional properties of Vastedda cheese typology. Vastedda cheese making was performed adding GPP and four selected Lactococcus lactis strains (Mise36, Mise94, Mise169 and Mise190). For each strain, 40 L of pasteurized ewe’s milk was divided into two aliquots representing control and experimental trials. Control cheese (CC) production did not contain GPP, while the experimental cheese (EC) production was enriched with 1% (w/w) GPP. GPP did not slow down starter development and acid generation. Plate counts and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis confirmed the dominance of the starters in all trials. The evolution of the physicochemical parameters showed that EC productions were characterized by lower fat content, higher protein content, and higher values of secondary lipid oxidation. Sensory evaluation indicated that the cheeses produced with the strain Mise94 were those more appreciated by the judges. Thus, the last cheeses were investigated for some functional aspects: GPP enrichment significantly increased antioxidant activity and lipoperoxyl radical scavenger capacity, confirming that grape polyphenol inclusion in cheese represents an optimal strategy for the valorization of ovine cheeses as well as winemaking industry by-products.

scholarly journals Endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH16 Family) from Trichoderma harzianum Participates in Cell Wall Biogenesis but Is Not Essential for Antagonism Against Plant Pathogens

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Suriani Ribeiro ◽  
Renato Graciano de Paula ◽  
Aline Raquel Voltan ◽  
Raphaela Georg de Castro ◽  
Cláudia Batista Carraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Trichoderma species are known for their ability to produce lytic enzymes, such as exoglucanases, endoglucanases, chitinases, and proteases, which play important roles in cell wall degradation of phytopathogens. β-glucanases play crucial roles in the morphogenetic-morphological process during the development and differentiation processes in Trichoderma species, which have β-glucans as the primary components of their cell walls. Despite the importance of glucanases in the mycoparasitism of Trichoderma spp., only a few functional analysis studies have been conducted on glucanases. In the present study, we used a functional genomics approach to investigate the functional role of the gluc31 gene, which encodes an endo-β-1,3-glucanase belonging to the GH16 family in Trichoderma harzianum ALL42. We demonstrated that the absence of the gluc31 gene did not affect the in vivo mycoparasitism ability of mutant T. harzianum ALL42; however, gluc31 evidently influenced cell wall organization. Polymer measurements and fluorescence microscopy analyses indicated that the lack of the gluc31 gene induced a compensatory response by increasing the production of chitin and glucan polymers on the cell walls of the mutant hyphae. The mutant strain became more resistant to the fungicide benomyl compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the absence of gluc31 in T. harzianum resulted in the differential expression of other glycosyl hydrolases belonging to the GH16 family, because of functional redundancy among the glucanases.

scholarly journals Behavior of Four Main Dairy Pathogenic Bacteria during Manufacturing and Ripening of Pecorino Siciliano Cheese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cardamone ◽  
F. Cirlincione ◽  
R. Gaglio ◽  
V. Puccio ◽  
F. Daidone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Consumption of raw cheese may be associated with different diseases. This study aimed to evaluate behavior of four pathogenic bacteria during manufacture and ripening of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Pecorino Siciliano cheese. Methods: The experimental cheese groups were inoculated with pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The cheese making processes were monitored from milk curdling until 3 months ripened cheeses and the levels of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and the four dairy pathogens were evaluated by plate counts. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was applied to confirm that the colonies isolated during the several steps of production were the same strains added in milk. Statistical analysis was done using XLStat software. Results: The levels of mesophilic and thermophilic coccus and rod LAB in curd were comparable in both trials and reached values between 8-9 log10 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g in cheeses at 90 days of ripening. The four pathogenic bacteria were found in experimental curd at levels higher than those inoculated in milk and completely disappeared after 60 days of ripening. The RAPD analysis clearly demonstrated the presence of the added strain during production and confirmed the results of plate counts. Conclusion: This work showed that the production conditions of PDO Pecorino Siciliano cheese decreased growth of E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, S. Enteritidis, and S. aureus

scholarly journals Real-Time PCR Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus from Oysters

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7137-7144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Campbell ◽  
Anita C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Nonculturable Cells ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen commonly found in estuarine environments. Infections are associated with raw oyster consumption and can produce rapidly fatal septicemia in susceptible individuals. Standard enumeration of this organism in shellfish or seawater is laborious and inaccurate; therefore, more efficient assays are needed. An oligonucleotide probe derived from the cytolysin gene, vvhA, was previously used for colony hybridizations to enumerate V. vulnificus. However, this method requires overnight growth, and vibrios may lack culturability under certain conditions. In the present study, we targeted the same locus for development of a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Probe specificity was confirmed by amplification of 28 V. vulnificus templates and by the lack of a PCR product with 22 non-V. vulnificus strains. Detection of V. vulnificus in pure cultures was observed over a 6-log-unit linear range of concentration (102 to 108 CFU ml−1), with a lower limit of 72 fg of genomic DNA μl of PCR mixture−1 or the equivalent of six cells. Similar sensitivity was observed in DNA extracted from mixtures of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus cells. Real-time PCR enumeration of artificially inoculated oyster homogenates correlated well with colony hybridization counts (r 2 = 0.97). Numbers of indigenous V. vulnificus cells in oysters by real-time PCR showed no significant differences from numbers from plate counts with probe (t test; P = 0.43). Viable but nonculturable cells were also enumerated by real-time PCR and confirmed by the BacLight viability assay. These data indicate that real-time PCR can provide sensitive species-specific detection and enumeration of V. vulnificus in seafood.

Characterization of Partial Gene Deletions in Type III von Willebrand Disease with Alloantibody Inhibitors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Mancuso ◽  
Elodee A Tuley ◽  
Ricardo Castillo ◽  
Norma de Bosch ◽  
Pler M Mannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Large Deletions ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Summaryvon Willebrand factor gene deletions were characterized in four patients with severe type III von Willebrand disease and alloantibodies to von Willebrand factor. A PCR-based strategy was used to characterize the boundaries of the deletions. Identical 30 kb von Willebrand factor gene deletions which include exons 33 through 38 were identified in two siblings of one family by this method. A small 5 base pair insertion (CCTGG) was sequenced at the deletion breakpoint. PCR analysis was used to detect the deletion in three generations of the family, including two family members who are heterozygous for the deletion. In a second family, two type III vWD patients, who are distant cousins, share an -56 kb deletion of exons 22 through 43. The identification and characterization of large vWF gene deletions in these type III vWD patients provides further support for the association between large deletions in both von Willebrand factor alleles and the development of inhibitory alloantibodies.

Identification and Management of Clustered Pellitory (Parietaria praetermissa) in Citrus Groves

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Biwek Gairhe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Steve Futch
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In Florida, clustered pellitory is becoming a troublesome weed for citrus, especially from the winter through early summer. Inadequate management of this weed can result in its heavy infestation in tree rows and can interrupt the spray pattern of low-volume drip irrigation systems. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department will assist Florida citrus growers with proper identification of clustered pellitory and with adoption of adequate and timely strategies to manage this weed in their groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Biwek Gairhe, Brent Sellers, and Steve Futch. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1341

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