scholarly journals High-level plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance and pheromone response of plasmids present in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shiojima ◽  
H Tomita ◽  
K Tanimoto ◽  
S Fujimoto ◽  
Y Ike
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pheromone Response ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Eleven pheromone-responding plasmids encoding erythromycin or gentamicin resistance were isolated from multiresistant clinical Enterococcus faecalis isolates. The plasmids were classified into six types with respect to their pheromone responses. The three erythromycin resistance plasmids responded to different pheromones. Of the eight gentamicin resistance plasmids, four plasmids responded to same pheromone. Southern hybridization studies showed that the genes involved in regulation of the pheromone response were conserved in the drug resistance plasmids.

scholarly journals Structures, Locations, and Transfer Frequencies of Genetic Elements Conferring High-Level Gentamicin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Isolates in Greece

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3950-3953 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Daikos ◽  
George Bamias ◽  
Christos Kattamis ◽  
Marcus J. Zervos ◽  
Joseph W. Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Hybridization Analysis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The elements conferring high-level gentamicin resistance in 64 clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were characterized by PCR and by restriction enzyme hybridization analysis of genomic and plasmid DNA. There was a strong association between gentamicin resistance and the aac(6′)-aph(2") gene carried on IS256-based elements with different structures, locations, and transfer characteristics.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Sangjukta Roy ◽  
Meiji Soe Aung ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽  
Salma Ahmed ◽  
Nazia Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
High Level

Enterococcus faecalis is one of the major causes of urinary tract infection, showing acquired resistance to various classes of antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance and its genetic determinants for E. faecalis clinical isolates in north-central Bangladesh. Among a total of 210 E. faecalis isolates, isolated from urine, the resistance rates to erythromycin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin (high level) were 85.2, 45.7, and 11.4%, respectively, while no isolates were resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The most prevalent resistance gene was erm(B) (97%), and any of the four genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzyme (AME) were detected in 99 isolates (47%). The AME gene aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia was detected in 46 isolates (21.9%) and was diverse in terms of IS256-flanking patterns, which were associated with resistance level to gentamicin. Tetracycline resistance was ascribable to tet(M) (61%) and tet(L) (38%), and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of both GyrA and ParC were identified in 44% of isolates. Five isolates (2.4%) exhibited non-susceptibility to linezolide (MIC, 4 μg/mL), and harbored the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA, which was located in a novel genetic cluster containing the phenicol exporter gene fexA. The optrA-positive isolates belonged to ST59, ST902, and ST917 (CC59), while common lineages of other multiple drug-resistant isolates were ST6, ST28, CC16, and CC116. The present study first revealed the prevalence of drug resistance determinants of E. faecalis and their genetic profiles in Bangladesh.

Molecular Epidemiology of Metronidazole Resistance in a Population of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3004-3009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Snipes ◽  
Pascale M. Gamard ◽  
Elizabeth M. Narcisi ◽  
C. Ben Beard ◽  
Tovi Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
High Level

Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a problematic sexually transmitted disease mainly in women, where it may be asymptomatic or cause severe vaginitis and cervicitis. Despite its high prevalence, the genetic variability and drug resistance characteristics of this organism are poorly understood. To address these issues, genetic analyses were performed on 109 clinical isolates using three approaches. First, two internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions flanking the 5.8S subunit of the ribosomal DNA gene were sequenced. The only variation was a point mutation at nucleotide position 66 of the ITS1 region found in 16 isolates (14.7%). Second, the presence of a 5.5-kb double-stranded RNAT. vaginalis virus (TVV) was assessed. TVV was detected in 55 isolates (50%). Finally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed based on random amplified polymorphic DNA data. The resulting phylogeny indicated at least two distinct lineages that correlate with the presence of TVV. A band-sharing index indicating relatedness was created for different groups of isolates. It demonstrated that isolates harboring the virus are significantly more closely related to each other than to the rest of the population, and it indicated a high level of relatedness among isolates with in vitro metronidazole resistance. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that drug resistance toT. vaginalis resulted from a single or very few mutational events. Permutation tests and nonparametric analyses showed associations between metronidazole resistance and phylogeny, the ITS mutation, and TVV presence. These results suggest the existence of genetic markers with clinical implications for T. vaginalisinfections.

High-Level Gentamicin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Bacteremia

1991 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Noskin ◽  
M. Till ◽  
B. K. Patterson ◽  
J. T. Clarke ◽  
J. R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
High Level
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