scholarly journals Activities of the glycylcyclines N,N-dimethylglycylamido-minocycline and N,N-dimethylglycylamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline against Nocardia spp. and tetracycline-resistant isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Brown ◽  
R J Wallace ◽  
G Onyi
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Nocardia Brasiliensis ◽  
Mycobacterium Mucogenicum

Susceptibilities to the new semisynthetic tetracycline (Tet) compounds N,N-dimethylglycylamido-minocycline (DMG-MINO) and N,N-dimethylglycylamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMG-DMDOT) were compared with those to doxycycline, minocycline, and Tet for 198 Tet-resistant (Tetr) and 33 Tet-susceptible (Tets) clinical isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) including the Mycobacterium fortuitum group, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium mucogenicum and 68 isolates belonging to six taxa of Nocardia spp. All Tetr RGM were highly susceptible to the glycylcyclines. The MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates are inhibited were < or = 0.125 and < or = 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively, for DMG-DMDOT and < or = 0.25 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively, for DMG-MINO. The MIC of DMG-DMDOT at which 50% of Tetr strains are inhibited was the same as that for Tets strains for each of the four taxa of RGM. The new agents were less active against Nocardia spp. MICs of DMG-DMDOT were comparable to those of minocycline except for the MICs for Nocardia brasiliensis sensu stricto, the new taxon Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis, and some isolates of Nocardia nova, against which they were four- to eightfold more active. The MICs of DMG-DMDOT were consistently lower than those of DMG-MINO for RGM. This class of drugs offers exciting therapeutic potential for RGM and for selected species of Nocardia.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria to Telithromycin (HMR 3647) and Seven Other Antimicrobials

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Fernández-Roblas ◽  
Jaime Esteban ◽  
Froilán Cabria ◽  
Juan Carlos López ◽  
Maria Soledad Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Mucogenicum

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and seven other antimicrobials against 94 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria were determined. Telithromycin at a concentration of 1 μg/ml inhibited Mycobacterium peregrinum (100%),Mycobacterium chelonae (80%), Mycobacterium abscessus-Mycobacterium mucogenicum (44.4%), andMycobacterium fortuitum (2.1%). All or most strains ofM. peregrinum, M. fortuitum, and M. mucogenicum were inhibited by 2 μg of quinolones per ml.

Development of a nucleic acid chromatography assay for the detection of commonly isolated rapidly growing mycobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriko Igarashi ◽  
Kinuyo Chikamatsu ◽  
Sotaro Sano ◽  
Shigehiko Miyamoto ◽  
Akio Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Heat Denaturation ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium infections are increasing worldwide, including those caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). Gap Statement. The identification of the aetiological agent in the context of infections is essential for the adoption of an adequate therapeutic approach. However, the methods for the rapid distinction of different RGM species are less than optimal. Aim. To develop a nucleic acid chromatography kit to identify clinically common RGM. Methodology. We tried to develop a nucleic acid chromatography kit designed to detect four RGM species (including three subspecies) i.e. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus , Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii (detected as M. abscessus/bolletii) Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense , Mycobacterium fortuitum , Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium peregrinum . The amplified target genes for each species/subspecies using multiplex PCR were analysed using a nucleic acid chromatography assay. Results. Among the 159 mycobacterial type strains and 70 RGM clinical isolates tested, the developed assay correctly identified all relevant RGM without any cross-reactivity or false-negatives. The limits of detection for each species were approximately 0.2 pg µl-1. Conclusion. The rapid and simple nucleic acid chromatography method developed here, which does not involve heat denaturation, may contribute to the rapid identification and treatment of RGM infections.

scholarly journals hsp65 Sequencing for Identification of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ringuet ◽  
C. Akoua-Koffi ◽  
S. Honore ◽  
A. Varnerot ◽  
V. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Type Strains

Partial sequencing of the hsp65 gene was used for the identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). A 441-bp fragment (A. Telenti, F. Marchesi, M. Balz, F. Bally, E. Böttger, and T. Bodmer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:175–178, 1993) was amplified and sequenced by an automated fluorescence-based method involving capillary electrophoresis. Type strains of 10 RGM species were first studied. Each species had a unique nucleotide sequence, distinguishing it clearly from the other species. A panel of strains from the four main RGM species responsible for human infections, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae,Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium peregrinum, was also studied. There were few sequence differences within each of these species (<2% of bases were different from the type strain sequence), and they had no effect on species assignment.hsp65 sequencing unambiguously differentiated M. chelonae and M. abscessus, two species difficult to identify by classical methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The devised procedure is a rapid and reliable tool for the identification of RGM species.

scholarly journals Multisite Reproducibility of Etest for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium abscessus,Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. Woods ◽  
John S. Bergmann ◽  
Frank G. Witebsky ◽  
Gary A. Fahle ◽  
Betty Boulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Interlaboratory Reproducibility ◽  
Optimal Medium ◽  
High Mics

A multicenter study was conducted to assess the inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility of the Etest for susceptibility testing of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. The accuracy also was evaluated by comparing Etest results to those obtained by broth microdilution. Ten isolates (four of the Mycobacterium fortuitum group, three of Mycobacterium abscessus, and three ofMycobacterium chelonae) were tested against amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, imipenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in each of four laboratories. At each site, isolates were tested three times on each of three separate days (nine testing events per isolate) using common lots of media and Etest strips. Interlaboratory agreement among MICs (i.e., mode ± 1 twofold dilution) varied for the different drug-isolate combinations and overall was best for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75% for one isolate and 100% for all others), followed by doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Interlaboratory agreement based on interpretive category also varied and overall was best for doxycycline (100% for all isolates), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Interlaboratory reproducibility among MICs was most variable for imipenem, and agreement by interpretive category was lowest for imipenem and amikacin. Modal Etest MICs agreed with those by broth microdilution only for doxycycline and the sulfonamides. For all other drugs, the modal MICs by the two methods differed by more than ± 1 twofold dilution for one or more isolates. In all cases, the Etest MIC was higher and would have caused reports of false resistance. In summary, the Etest in this evaluation did not perform as well as broth microdilution for susceptibility testing of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. It was problematic for most species and drugs, primarily because of a trailing endpoint and/or high MICs compared to broth. Its use will necessitate further investigation, including determination of the optimal medium and incubation conditions and clarification of endpoint interpretation.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Omadacycline against Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Shoen ◽  
David Benaroch ◽  
Mary Sklaney ◽  
Michael Cynamon
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Tetracycline Derivative

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of omadacycline, a new tetracycline derivative, was evaluated against isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum using a broth microtiter dilution assay. Omadacycline had MIC90 values of 2 μg/ml, 0.25 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The in vitro activity of omadacycline against rapidly growing mycobacteria indicates that it may have the potential to improve therapy for infections caused by these organisms.

scholarly journals Comparison of the In Vitro Activity of the Glycylcycline Tigecycline (Formerly GAR-936) with Those of Tetracycline, Minocycline, and Doxycycline against Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 3164-3167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Wallace ◽  
Barbara A. Brown-Elliott ◽  
Christopher J. Crist ◽  
Linda Mann ◽  
Rebecca W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT We compared the in vitro activity of the glycylcycline tigecycline (formerly GAR-936) with those of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline by broth microdilution against 76 isolates belonging to seven species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and 45 isolates belonging to five species of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). By using a resistance breakpoint of >4 μg/ml for tigecycline and >8 μg/ml for tetracycline, all RGM were highly susceptible to tigecycline, with inhibition of 50% of isolates at ≤0.12 μg/ml and inhibition of 90% of isolates at 0.25 μg/ml for Mycobacterium abscessus and inhibition of both 50 and 90% of isolates at ≤0.12 μg/ml for M. chelonae and the M. fortuitum group. The MICs of tigecycline were the same for tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains, and RGM isolates were 4- to 11-fold more susceptible to tigecycline than to the tetracyclines. In contrast, no slowly growing NTM were susceptible to tigecycline, and isolates of M. marinum and M. kansasii were less susceptible to this agent than to minocycline. This new antimicrobial offers exciting therapeutic potential for the RGM, especially for isolates of the M. chelonae-M. abscessus group, against which the activities of the currently available drugs are limited.

Cutaneous Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Alberta, Canada: An Epidemiologic Study and Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Sander ◽  
Judith L. Isaac-Renton ◽  
Gregory J. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare ◽  
First Time

Background: Cutaneous infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) occur infrequently. Nonetheless, the incidence of NTM infections is reported to be increasing. In Canada, cutaneous NTM infections have not been well described. Objectives: A database review from 2006 to 2016 was done to assess species frequency, incidence, and trends of the most common cutaneous NTMs in the province of Alberta, Canada. We also reviewed major diagnostic and epidemiologic aspects of NTM cutaneous infections with a focus on Mycobacterium marinum. Results: A database search identified 244 cases of NTM infections. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex had the highest incidence, causing 64% of cases. Rapid growers ( Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum) caused 23% and M marinum 13%. Information on infection site was available for 117 cases. There was no difference noted in sex distribution; however, differences in age groups between species were noted. Conclusions: The incidence of NTM cutaneous infections in Alberta, Canada, was reported for the first time and the incidence of M marinum was found to be similar to that reported in the worldwide literature. Patients’ age groups were different between species. Knowledge of the unique microbiological features of NTMs and the role of the diagnostic laboratory are important.

Extracellular hemolytic activity in rapidly growing mycobacteria

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takezo Udou
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reference Strains

Little is known about virulence factors associated with rapidly growing mycobacteria. We evaluated 42 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae and 4 reference strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis for the production of hemolysin (or hemolytic substance) as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of disease caused by these organisms. All the strains tested possessed extracellular hemolytic activity that was stable after heating and proteinase treatment, and the active substance had a molecular weight less than 10 000. The activity accumulated in culture medium during the late exponential to mid stationary phase of growth. Hemolysis in vitro was relatively slow; incubation for 10 h at 35 °C was required to obtain maximal activity. Some specificity of the hemolysis with regard to red blood cells from different animals was observed.Key words: rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, hemolytic activity.

scholarly journals Variables Affecting Results of Sodium Chloride Tolerance Test for Identification of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Conville ◽  
Frank G. Witebsky
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
And Control

The sodium chloride tolerance test is often used in the identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria, particularly for distinguishing between Mycobacterium abscessus andMycobacterium chelonae. This test, however, is frequently unreliable for the identification of some species. In this study we examined the following variables: medium manufacturer, inoculum concentration, and atmosphere and temperature of incubation. Results show that reliability is improved if the test and control slants are inoculated with an organism suspension spectrophotometrically equal to a 1 McFarland standard. Slants should be incubated at 35°C in ambient air and checked weekly for 4 weeks. Growth on control slants should be critically evaluated to determine the adequacy of the inoculum; colonies should number greater than 50. Salt-containing media should be examined carefully to detect pinpoint or tiny colonies, and colonies should number greater than 50 for a positive reaction. Concurrent use of a citrate slant may be helpful for distinguishing between M. abscessus and M. chelonae. Molecular methodologies are probably the most reliable means for the identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria and should be used, if possible, when unequivocal species identification is of particular importance.

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