scholarly journals Role of CommonblaOXA-24/OXA-40-Carrying Platforms and Plasmids in the Spread of OXA-24/OXA-40 among Acinetobacter Species Clinical Isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3969-3972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Grosso ◽  
Sandra Quinteira ◽  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Ângela Novais ◽  
Luísa Peixe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACTThe spread of OXA-24/OXA-40 (OXA-24/40)-producingAcinetobacterspp. in the Iberian Peninsula has been strongly influenced by clonal expansion, but the role of horizontal gene transfer has scarcely been explored.blaOXA-24/40-carrying plasmids and genetic environments were characterized in representative (n= 15)Acinetobacterspecies clinical isolates (obtained between 2001 and 2007) byAcinetobacter baumanniiPCR-based replicon typing, sequencing, hybridization, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Besides the identification ofblaOXA-24/40within the chromosomes of some isolates, the circulation of commonblaOXA-24/40-carrying plasmids (30-kbrepA_AB; 10-kbaci2) and genetic backbones amongAcinetobacterspp. was demonstrated.

scholarly journals IS6110-Mediated Deletion Polymorphism in the Direct Repeat Region of Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
pp. 2856-2866 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Sampson ◽  
R. M. Warren ◽  
M. Richardson ◽  
T. C. Victor ◽  
A. M. Jordaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Deletion Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT This study investigates the phenomenon of IS6110-mediated deletion polymorphism in the direct repeat (DR) region of the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical isolates and their putative predecessors were compared using a combination of DR region restriction fragment length polymorphism, IS6110 DNA fingerprinting, spoligotyping, and DNA sequencing, which allowed the mapping of chromosome structure and deletion junctions. The data suggest that adjacently situated IS6110 elements mediate genome deletion. However, in contrast to previous reports, deletions appear to be mediated by inversely oriented IS6110 elements. This suggests that these events may occur via mechanisms other than RecA-mediated homologous recombination. The results underscore the important role of IS6110-associated deletion hypervariability in driving M. tuberculosis genome evolution.

scholarly journals Topoisomerase Mutations in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn W. Kaatz ◽  
Susan M. Seo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT The incidence of the various mutations in the genes encoding topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus is not known. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, we found that in fluoroquinolone- and methicillin-resistant strains, mutations in grlA and gyrA are quite likely to be present together. For fluoroquinolone-resistant but methicillin-susceptible strains, mutations in grlA alone are more common.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strategies for Molecular Fingerprinting for Use in the Routine Work of a Mycobacterium Reference Unit

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3385-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Wilson ◽  
Stephen Goss ◽  
Francis Drobniewski
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Rapid Pcr ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Reference Service ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

We have investigated the role of two rapid PCR-based typing methods, IS6110-based PCR and spacer-oligonucleotide typing, within a national tuberculosis reference service. The validity of clusters with IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprints with less than 6 bands was also investigated in the context of referred isolates.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage ϕMAM1, a Viunalikevirus, Is a Broad-Host-Range, High-Efficiency Generalized Transducer That Infects Environmental and Clinical Isolates of the Enterobacterial Genera Serratia and Kluyvera

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 6446-6457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Matilla ◽  
George P. C. Salmond
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Serratia Plymuthica ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTMembers of the enterobacterial genusSerratiaare ecologically widespread, and some strains are opportunistic human pathogens. Bacteriophage ϕMAM1 was isolated onSerratia plymuthicaA153, a biocontrol rhizosphere strain that produces the potently bioactive antifungal and anticancer haterumalide oocydin A. The ϕMAM1 phage is a generalized transducing phage that infects multiple environmental and clinical isolates ofSerratiaspp. and a rhizosphere strain ofKluyvera cryocrescens. Electron microscopy allowed classification of ϕMAM1 in the familyMyoviridae. Bacteriophage ϕMAM1 is virulent, uses capsular polysaccharides as a receptor, and can transduce chromosomal markers at frequencies of up to 7 × 10−6transductants per PFU. We also demonstrated transduction of the complete 77-kb oocydin A gene cluster and heterogeneric transduction of a plasmid carrying a type III toxin-antitoxin system. These results support the notion of the potential ecological importance of transducing phages in the acquisition of genes by horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenetic analyses grouped ϕMAM1 within the ViI-like bacteriophages, and genomic analyses revealed that the major differences between ϕMAM1 and other ViI-like phages arise in a region encoding the host recognition determinants. Our results predict that the wider genus of ViI-like phages could be efficient transducing phages, and this possibility has obvious implications for the ecology of horizontal gene transfer, bacterial functional genomics, and synthetic biology.

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