scholarly journals Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates That Produce Carbapenemases: First Report of OXA-48-Like Enzymes in North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lascols ◽  
Gisele Peirano ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Kevin B. Laupland ◽  
Johann D. D. Pitout
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTA study was designed to characterize nonrepeat isolates of carbapenemase-producingK. pneumoniaeobtained from the SMART worldwide surveillance program during 2008 and 2009. Characterization was done by PCR and sequencing forblaVIM,blaIMP,blaNDM,blaOXA,blaKPC, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and virulence factors (VFs). Genetic relatedness was determined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 110 isolates were included; 47 possess genes that encodeK. pneumoniaecarbapenemases (KPCs), 26 NDMs, 19 VIMs, 13 OXA-48-like, and 5 imipenems (IMPs). We identified 3 different major sequence types (STs) among 65% of the isolates (i.e., ST11 [n= 11], ST147 [n= 23], and ST258 [n= 38]). ST11 and ST147, producing OXA-48-like and NDMs, were found in Argentina, Turkey, Greece, Italy, and India; ST258, producing KPCs, was present in the United States, Israel, Greece, and Puerto Rico. The major STs consisted of up to 4 different pulsotypes, and each pulsotype had a specific geographical distribution. A new ST, named ST903, withblaIMP-26, was identified in the Philippines, while twoblaOXA-48-positive isolates were detected in the United States. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the VFs between the isolates; all were positive forfimH,mrkD,wabG, andureA. This is the first report of OXA-48-like enzymes in North America. Our study highlights the importance of surveillance programs using molecular techniques as powerful tools to identify the importance of international sequence types.

scholarly journals Activities of Vancomycin, Ceftaroline, and Mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected in a 2011 National Surveillance Study in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S. Richter ◽  
Daniel J. Diekema ◽  
Kristopher P. Heilmann ◽  
Cassie L. Dohrn ◽  
Emily K. Crispell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance

ABSTRACTForty-two medical centers from throughout the United States participating in a longitudinal surveillance program were asked to submit 100 consecutiveStaphylococcus aureusisolates during July to December 2011. Susceptibility testing using CLSI broth microdilution andmecAdetection by PCR analysis was performed on the 4,131 isolates collected. Methods employing Etest glycopeptide resistance detection (GRD; bioMérieux) and brain heart infusion agar containing 4 μg/ml vancomycin (BHIV) were used to screen methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) isolates for heterogeneous intermediate-level resistance to vancomycin (hVISA). Isolates with positive hVISA screen results were confirmed by population analysis profiling-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) determinations. The genetic relatedness of hVISA, ceftaroline-nonsusceptible, or high-level (HL) mupirocin resistance MRSA isolates was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among 2,093 MRSA isolates, the hVISA screen results were positive with 47 isolates by Etest GRD and 30 isolates by BHIV agar screen. Twenty-five of the GRD- or BHIV screen-positive isolates were confirmed as hVISA by PAP-AUC testing. Results of the current study were compared to results obtained from prior surveillance performed in 2009. The prevalence of hVISA among MRSA isolates was higher in 2011 than in 2009 (1.2% versus 0.4%,P= 0.003), especially for isolates with a vancomycin MIC of 2 (45.4% versus 14.3%,P= 0.01). The overall rate of ceftaroline susceptibility in the current study was 99.4% (one hVISA isolate had an intermediate ceftaroline MIC). HL mupirocin resistance increased from 2.2% in 2009 to 3.2% in 2011 (P= 0.006). Although overall rates of hVISA and HL mupirocin resistance are low, they have increased since 2009.

scholarly journals bla VIM-7, an Evolutionarily Distinct Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate from the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Toleman ◽  
Kenneth Rolston ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Timothy R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
First Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT As part of the CANCER Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, strain 07-406, was shown to possess a metallo-β-lactamase, designated VIM-7. bla VIM-7 is located on a 24-kb plasmid which can be readily transferred into Enterobacteriaceae and other pseudomonads. This is the first report of a mobile metallo-β-lactamase gene, bla VIM-7, being detected within the United States.

scholarly journals Summary of Linezolid Activity and Resistance Mechanisms Detected during the 2012 LEADER Surveillance Program for the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Patricia A. Hogan ◽  
James E. Ross ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThis study summarizes the linezolid susceptibility testing results for 7,429 Gram-positive pathogens from 60 U.S. sites collected during the 2012 sampling year for the LEADER Program. Linezolid showed potent activity when tested against 2,980Staphylococcus aureusisolates, inhibiting all but 3 at ≤2 μg/ml. Similarly, linezolid showed coverage against 99.5% of enterococci, as well as for all streptococci tested. These results confirm a long record of linezolid activity against U.S. Gram-positive isolates since regulatory approval in 2000.

scholarly journals Serotype and Genotype (Multilocus Sequence Type) ofStreptococcus suisIsolates from the United States Serve as Predictors of Pathotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
April A. Estrada ◽  
Marcelo Gottschalk ◽  
Stephanie Rossow ◽  
Aaron Rendahl ◽  
Connie Gebhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTStreptococcus suisis a significant cause of mortality in piglets and growing pigs worldwide. The species contains pathogenic and commensal strains, with pathogenic strains causing meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, polyserositis, and septicemia. Serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are primary methods to differentiate strains, but the information is limited for strains found in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of 208S. suisisolates collected between 2014 and 2017 across North America (mainly the United States) by serotyping and MLST and to investigate associations between subtype and pathotype classifications (pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal), based on clinical information and site of isolation. Twenty serotypes were identified, and the predominant serotypes were 1/2 and 7. Fifty-eight sequence types (STs) were identified, and the predominant ST was ST28. Associations among serotypes, STs, and pathotypes were investigated using odds ratio and clustering analyses. Evaluation of serotype and ST with pathotype identified a majority of isolates of serotypes 1, 1/2, 2, 7, 14, and 23 and ST1, ST13, ST25, ST28, ST29, ST94, ST108, ST117, ST225, ST373, ST961, and ST977 as associated with the pathogenic pathotype. Serotypes 21 and 31, ST750, and ST821 were associated with the commensal pathotype, which is composed of isolates from farms with no known history ofS. suis-associated disease. Our study demonstrates the use of serotyping and MLST to differentiate pathogenic from commensal isolates and establish links between pathotype and subtype, thus increasing the knowledge aboutS. suisstrains circulating in the United States.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Omadacycline Activity Tested against Clinical Isolates from the United States and Europe as Part of the 2016 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Michael D. Huband ◽  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Robert K. Flamm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

ABSTRACTOmadacycline was tested against 21,000 bacterial isolates collected prospectively from medical centers in Europe and the United States during 2016. Omadacycline was active againstStaphylococcus aureus(MIC50/MIC90, 0.12/0.25 mg/liter), including methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA); streptococci (MIC50/MIC90, 0.06/0.12 mg/liter), includingStreptococcus pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, and beta-hemolytic streptococci;Enterobacteriaceae, includingEscherichia coli(MIC50/MIC90, 0.5/2 mg/liter);Haemophilus influenzae(MIC50/MIC90, 1/1 mg/liter); andMoraxella catarrhalis(MIC50/MIC90, 0.25/0.25 mg/liter). Omadacycline merits further study in serious infections where resistant pathogens may be encountered.

scholarly journals Ceftobiprole Activity against Bacteria from Skin and Skin Structure Infections in the United States from 2016 through 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Leonard R. Duncan ◽  
Kamal A. Hamed ◽  
Jennifer I. Smart ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Highly Active

ABSTRACT Ceftobiprole medocaril is an advanced-generation cephalosporin prodrug that has qualified infectious disease product status granted by the US FDA and is currently being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials in patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. In this study, the activity of ceftobiprole and comparators was evaluated against more than 7,300 clinical isolates collected in the United States from 2016 through 2018 from patients with skin and skin structure infections. The major species/pathogen groups were S. aureus (53%), Enterobacterales (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%), beta-hemolytic streptococci (6%), Enterococcus spp. (4%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (2%). Ceftobiprole was highly active against S. aureus (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 mg/liter; 99.7% susceptible by EUCAST criteria; 42% methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]). Ceftobiprole also exhibited potent activity against other Gram-positive cocci. The overall susceptibility of Enterobacterales to ceftobiprole was 84.8% (>99.0% susceptible for isolate subsets that exhibited a non-extended-spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL] phenotype). A total of 74.4% of P. aeruginosa, 100% of beta-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 99.6% of Enterococcus faecalis isolates were inhibited by ceftobiprole at ≤4 mg/liter. As expected, ceftobiprole was largely inactive against Enterobacterales that contained ESBL genes and Enterococcus faecium. Overall, ceftobiprole was highly active against most clinical isolates from the major Gram-positive and Gram-negative skin and skin structure pathogen groups collected at U.S. medical centers participating in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program during 2016 to 2018. The broad-spectrum activity of ceftobiprole, including potent activity against MRSA, supports its further evaluation for a potential ABSSSI indication.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Houston Virus, a Newly Discovered Mosquito-Specific Virus Isolated from Culex quinquefasciatus in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo ◽  
Carlos M. Baak-Baak ◽  
Rosa C. Cetina-Trejo ◽  
Carlos Cordova-Fletes ◽  
Mario A. Martinez-Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Virus

We fully sequenced the genome of Houston virus, a recently discovered mosquito-associated virus belonging to the newly established family Mesoniviridae. The isolate was recovered from Culex quinquefasciatus in southern Mexico, which shows that the geographic range of Houston virus is not restricted to the United States in North America.

scholarly journals Activity of Ceftaroline and Epidemiologic Trends in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected from 43 Medical Centers in the United States in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 4154-4160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S. Richter ◽  
Kristopher P. Heilmann ◽  
Cassie L. Dohrn ◽  
Fathollah Riahi ◽  
Andrew J. Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACTAStaphylococcus aureussurveillance program was initiated in the United States to examine thein vitroactivity of ceftaroline and epidemiologic trends. Susceptibility testing by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution was performed on 4,210 clinically significant isolates collected in 2009 from 43 medical centers. All isolates were screened formecAby PCR and evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) were analyzed for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes and the staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) type. All isolates had ceftaroline MICs of ≤2 μg/ml with an MIC50of 0.5 and an MIC90of 1 μg/ml. The overall resistance rates, expressed as the percentages of isolates that were intermediate and resistant (or nonsusceptible), were as follows: ceftaroline, 1.0%; clindamycin, 30.2% (17.4% MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml; 12.8% inducible); daptomycin, 0.2%; erythromycin, 65.5%; levofloxacin, 39.9%; linezolid, 0.02%; oxacillin, 53.4%; tetracycline, 4.4%; tigecycline, 0%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 1.6%; vancomycin, 0%; and high-level mupirocin, 2.2%. ThemecAPCR was positive for 53.4% of the isolates. The ceftaroline MIC90s were 0.25 μg/ml for methicillin-susceptibleS. aureusand 1 μg/ml for MRSA. Among the 2,247 MRSA isolates, 51% were USA300 (96.9% PVL positive, 99.7% SCCmectype IV) and 17% were USA100 (93.4% SCCmectype II). The resistance rates for the 1,137 USA300 MRSA isolates were as follows: erythromycin, 90.9%; levofloxacin, 49.1%; clindamycin, 7.6% (6.2% MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml; 1.4% inducible); tetracycline, 3.3%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.8%; high-level mupirocin, 2.7%; daptomycin, 0.4%; and ceftaroline and linezolid, 0%. USA300 is the dominant clone causing MRSA infections in the United States. Ceftaroline demonstrated potentin vitroactivity against recentS. aureusclinical isolates, including MRSA, daptomycin-nonsusceptible, and linezolid-resistant strains.

First Report of a 16SrI (Aster Yellows) Group Phytoplasma in Phlox in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Sathoff ◽  
Deepak Rajendran ◽  
Seth D. Wannemuehler ◽  
Katarina Sweeney ◽  
Fazal Manan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
First Report ◽  
Color Range ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Phlox are herbaceous perennial ornamentals native to North America grown for their flower color, range in flowering time, scent, and differing forms. Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, first found to occur in Chinese asters, is spread by aster leafhoppers and in 2001 was reported to be a serious threat to phlox. There have been several reports of Ca. P. asteris in garlic and small grains in Minnesota. This is the first report of Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris in phlox in Minnesota and the United States. Accepted for publication 28 June 2016. Published 6 September 2016.

Nuclear weapons complicate South China Sea disputes

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Sea

Significance However, China's navy already has an operational sea-based nuclear deterrent based on Hainan Island. The deployment of nuclear-armed submarines, and their need to reach the mid-Pacific to threaten the continental United States, makes the South China Sea an arena not just of maritime disputes but of US-China military rivalry. Impacts The strategic importance of the Philippines, Taiwan and Singapore to the United States will increase. A new defence agreement with the Philippines will, as of last month, support US military activities in the area. Washington will encourage greater Japanese involvement in the South China Sea; as long as Shinzo Abe is prime minister, Japan will oblige.

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