scholarly journals Establishment of a Novel Model of Onychomycosis in Rabbits for Evaluation of Antifungal Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 3150-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Shimamura ◽  
Nobuo Kubota ◽  
Saori Nagasaka ◽  
Taku Suzuki ◽  
Hideki Mukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Antifungal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Nail Lacquer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Model

ABSTRACTWe developed a novel model of onychomycosis in which we observed fungi in the deep layer of the nail, and we used the model to evaluate the efficacy of two topical antifungal drugs. To establish an experimental,in vivomodel of onychomycosis, we appliedTrichophyton mentagrophytesTIMM2789 to the nails of the hind limbs of rabbits that underwent steroid treatment. The nails were taken from the rabbits' feet at 0, 2, and 6 weeks after a 2-week infection. The localization of the fungi was evaluated histopathologically. Some fungi were seen to penetrate to the nail bed, and the infection rate in the sample at 0, 2, and 6 weeks after infection was 57, 87, and 93%, respectively. In addition, fungi proliferated and moved proximally into the nail plate in a manner that depended on the duration of infection. Second, using this model we evaluated antifungal efficacy both by the culture recovery method and histopathological examination. Two topical antifungal drugs, 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer and 5% amorolfine nail lacquer, were applied to the nail for 4 weeks in each group. On histopathological examination, two antifungal treatment groups showed no significant difference against the nontreated control group. However, there were a significantly low fungus-positive rate and intensity of the recovery of fungi on culture between antifungal treatment and nontreated control groups. We therefore suggest that we have established anin vivomodel of onychomycosis that is useful for the evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Optimizing Manufacturing and Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Implants through Precision Casting and Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation? In Vivo Results of a Large-Scale Animal Trial

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wölfle-Roos JV ◽  
Katmer Amet B ◽  
Fiedler J ◽  
Michels H ◽  
Kappelt G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Precision Casting ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masarra M. Sakr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Eman M. Mantawy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

An in Vivo Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite and Biopure MTAD™ against Enterococcus Faecalis in Primary Teeth: A qPCR Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Tulsani ◽  
N Chikkanarasaiah ◽  
S Bethur
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant

Objectives: Biopure MTAD™, a new root canal irrigant has shown promising results against the most common resistant microorganism, E. faecalis, in permanent teeth. However, there is lack of studies comparing its antimicrobial effectiveness with NaOCl in primary teeth. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl 2.5% and Biopure MTAD™ against E. faecalis in primary teeth. Study design: Forty non vital single rooted primary maxillary anterior teeth of children aged 4-8 years, were irrigated either with NaOCl 2.5% (n=15), Biopure MTAD™ (n=15) and 0.9% Saline (n=10, control group). Paper point samples were collected at baseline (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2) during the pulpectomy procedure. The presence of E. faecalis in S1 & S2 was evaluated using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Statistical significant difference was found in the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl 2.5 % and BioPure MTAD™ when compared to saline (p>0.05). However, no statistical significant difference was found between the efficacies of both the irrigants. Conclusions: NaOCl 2.5% and BioPure MTAD™, both irrigants are equally efficient against E. faecalis in necrotic primary anterior teeth. MTAD is a promising irrigant, however clinical studies are required to establish it as ideal root canal irrigant in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Capacity of Human Nisin- and Pediocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria To Reduce Intestinal Colonization by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1997-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Millette ◽  
Gilbert Cornut ◽  
Claude Dupont ◽  
François Shareck ◽  
Denis Archambault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT This study demonstrated the capacity of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to reduce intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a mouse model. Lactococcus lactis MM19 and Pediococcus acidilactici MM33 are bacteriocin producers isolated from human feces. The bacteriocin secreted by P. acidilactici is identical to pediocin PA-1/AcH, while PCR analysis demonstrated that L. lactis harbors the nisin Z gene. LAB were acid and bile tolerant when assayed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. A well diffusion assay using supernatants from LAB demonstrated strong activity against a clinical isolate of VRE. A first in vivo study was done using C57BL/6 mice that received daily intragastric doses of L. lactis MM19, P. acidilactici MM33, P. acidilactici MM33A (a pediocin mutant that had lost its ability to produce pediocin), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 18 days. This study showed that L. lactis and P. acidilactici MM33A increased the concentrations of total LAB and anaerobes while P. acidilactici MM33 decreased the Enterobacteriaceae populations. A second in vivo study was done using VRE-colonized mice that received the same inocula as those in the previous study for 16 days. In L. lactis-fed mice, fecal VRE levels 1.73 and 2.50 log10 CFU/g lower than those in the PBS group were observed at 1 and 3 days postinfection. In the P. acidilactici MM33-fed mice, no reduction was observed at 1 day postinfection but a reduction of 1.85 log10 CFU/g was measured at 3 days postinfection. Levels of VRE in both groups of mice treated with bacteriocin-producing LAB were undetectable at 6 days postinfection. No significant difference in mice fed the pediocin-negative strain compared to the control group was observed. This is the first demonstration that human L. lactis and P. acidilactici nisin- and pediocin-producing strains can reduce VRE intestinal colonization.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN ULSERASI MUKOSA MULUT PADA MALE WISTAR RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Laila Fitrotuz Zahroh ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Moh. Baehaqi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Oral mucosa ulceration which often occurs usually in the form of white-yellowish spot with concave surface, reddish edge and pain. Based on previous research, Aloe vera process anti-inflammation substance that could help quickening ulceration healing process. This research aims to know the effect of Aloe vera flesh extract on Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration in-vivo. Method: this research was quasi experimental research with the post-test only control group design using Male wistar rats as the testing animal. In the research, there were three treatment groups: The first groups which was given aquadest treatment, second groups with Aloe vera flesh extract, and third groups which was given chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% treatment. The data collecting was based on histopathology observation concerning the increase of fibroblast quantity. Result: The research result based on comparison test among the three groups with One Way Anova showed that on Day 3th, the average quantity of fibroblast didn't have significant difference between the treatment group and control group positive that was p>0,05, meanwhile on Day 7th every group showed significant difference p<0,05. Conclusion: It concluded that Aloe vera flesh extract has influence on the healing of Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration as shown by fibroblast increasing quantity.

Comparison of Biocompatibility of Experimental Tricalcium Phosphate Cement versus Biodentin and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate used for Furcation Perforation Repair (in vivo study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 532-538
Author(s):  
Mostafa M. El-Bialy ◽  
Magdy M. Ali ◽  
Engy M. Kataia ◽  
Reham S. El Nemr ◽  
Reham Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Bone Deposition

Background: The interaction between the root canal system and the oral cavity caused by iatrogenic perforations significantly affects the treatment outcome and tooth survival. Objectives: This study was directed to compare the biocompatibility of an experimental tricalcium phosphate cement versus biodentine and mineral Trioxide aggregate used for furcation perforation repair in dogs. Methods: Perforations were done in 60 teeth (premolars and molars) of six adult dogs. Animals were divided randomly into 3 equal groups of 2 animals each according to the post-operative evaluation period of 1 week, 1 month, and 3-months. Each group was further subdivided into 4 subgroups according to either being repaired with the experimental tricalcium phosphate cement (n=6), or Biodentine (n=6), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (n=6), and positive control(n=2). After evaluation periods, tissue blocks were harvested and histologically examined. Results: No statistically significant difference was found regarding bone deposition scores and inflammatory reaction in the three groups after 1 week, 1 month, or 3 months. All three groups showed a statistically significant difference between all three time periods. Regardless of the repair material used, inflammation scores at 1-week showed the highest scores, decreasing over time except for the control group. Conclusion: The experimental material could be considered as a successful treatment option for repairing furcation perforation.

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Implants Coated with Radiation-Crosslinked Collagen on Stability and Osseointegration in Rat Tibia

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Bin Bae ◽  
Ji-Hyun Yoo ◽  
Sung-In Jeong ◽  
Min-Su Kim ◽  
Youn-Mook Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate the titanium (Ti) implants coated with collagen type Ⅰ crosslinked using gamma-irrigation or glutaraldehyde (GA). The in vitro surface observations, quantification assay, and cell studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were conducted. For in vivo experiments, the implants were divided into three groups and inserted into the rat tibias: control group (non-treated Ti implant), GA group (Ti implants coated with GA-crosslinked collagen) and 25 kGy group (Ti implants coated with gamma-radiation-crosslinked collagen at dose of 25 kGy). The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks after implantation and the tissue sections were obtained. New bone volume (mm3) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %) within the region of interest (ROI) was measured. The in vitro results showed the highest osteogenic differentiation and levels of osteogenesis-related gene expressions in the 25 kGy group without cytotoxicity. The new bone volume of GA group was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). In the result of the BIC, the 25 kGy group was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups. Within the limitations of this study, Ti implant coated with gamma-radiation-crosslinked collagen has potential utility without side effects from chemical agents.

scholarly journals Marine Bioactive Compounds against Aspergillus fumigatus: Challenges and Future Prospects

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule ◽  
Blessing C. Ezeuduji ◽  
James C. Ogbonna ◽  
Anene N. Moneke ◽  
Anthony C. Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Speed Up

With the mortality rate of invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus reaching almost 100% among some groups of patients, and with the rapidly increasing resistance of A. fumigatus to available antifungal drugs, new antifungal agents have never been more desirable than now. Numerous bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized from marine resources. However, only a few exhibited a potent activity against A. fumigatus when compared to the multitude that did against some other pathogens. Here, we review the marine bioactive compounds that display a bioactivity against A. fumigatus. The challenges hampering the discovery of antifungal agents from this rich habitat are also critically analyzed. Further, we propose strategies that could speed up an efficient discovery and broaden the dimensions of screening in order to obtain promising in vivo antifungal agents with new modes of action.

scholarly journals Taurine Attenuates Carcinogenicity in Ulcerative Colitis-Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifeng Wang ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Shosuke Kawanishi ◽  
Hatasu Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67

Taurine (2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid) is a type of amino acids and has numerous physiological and therapeutic functions, including anti-inflammation. However, there are few studies on the anticancer action of taurine. Our previous studies have demonstrated that taurine exhibits an apoptosis-inducing effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. In this study, we have investigated whether taurine has an anticancer effect, using azoxymethane (AOM)/sulfate sodium (DSS)- induced mouse model for colon carcinogenesis. All mice, except those in control group, received a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM and DSS in the drinking water for 7 days twice, with 1-week interval. After the first DSS treatment, mice were given distilled water (model group) or taurine in the drinking water (taurine group) ad libitum. No tumor was observed in the control group. Taurine significantly suppressed AOM+DSS-induced tumor formation. Histopathological examination revealed AOM/DSS treatment induced colon cancer in all mice (8/8, 100%), and taurine significantly inhibited the progression of colon cancer (4/9, 44.4%). Taurine significantly attenuated cell proliferation in cancer tissues detected by Ki-67 staining. Taurine significantly increased the levels of an apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-9 and tumor suppressor protein PTEN. This is the first study that demonstrated that taurine significantly reduced carcinogenicity in vivo using AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mouse model.

scholarly journals Decrease in Platelet Aggregability after Total Oophorectomy

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamazaki ◽  
T. Motomiya ◽  
M. Sonoda ◽  
N. Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Coulter Counter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Substantial clinical evidence indicates that large doses of estrogen frequenly result in thromboembolic disorders. Effects of estrogen on platelet aggregability were examined in women with uterine myoma before and after oophorectomy. Bilateral oophorectomy on 15 cases (48.7+0.12 yrs, mean+SE) and unilateral or no oophorectomy on 18 cases (control group : 42.2+0.18 yrs) were performed with myomectomy of the uterus. On one day before and one day, one week and one month after the operation performed, their platelet count by Coulter counter, platelet volume by Coulter channelyzer and platelet aggregability by Sienco aggregometer were measured. 24 hrs total estrogen in urine was also determined. In the control group, platelet counts were 85.1+ 4.9 % of the preoperated value one day after, 127.9+9.0 % one week after and 98.1+7.6 % one month after the operation. In the bilateral oophorectomy group, these were 82.4+5.2 % one day after, 124.0+4.7 % one week after and 96.1+4.8 % one month after. Both the groups showed the same change. Platelet aggregability by 3 μM ADP were 76.9+14.3 % one day after, 203.0+57.1 % one week after and 193.4+59.0 % one month after in the control, while 55.0+13.6 % one day after, 102.5+12.9 % one week after and 60.6+14.7 % one month after the operation in the total oophorectomy group. There was a statistically significant difference in the values obtained one month after the operation between the groups (p<0.05). Characteristic changes in platelet volumes were also observed. A significant correlation was observed between the platelet aggre-gabilities and the daily urinary estrogen excretion levels. The above results suggest that estrogen may enhance platelet aggregability in vivo.

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