scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O139 Multiple-Drug Resistance Mediated by Yersinia pestis pIP1202-Like Conjugative Plasmids

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 3829-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Cao Pan ◽  
Rong Ye ◽  
Hao-Qiu Wang ◽  
Hai-Qing Xiang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT A conjugative plasmid, pMRV150, which mediated multiple-drug resistance (MDR) to at least six antibiotics, including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was identified in a Vibrio cholerae O139 isolate from Hangzhou, eastern China, in 2004. According to partial pMRV150 DNA sequences covering 15 backbone regions, the plasmid is most similar to pIP1202, an IncA/C plasmid in an MDR Yersinia pestis isolate from a Madagascar bubonic plague patient, at an identity of 99.99% (22,180/22,183 nucleotides). pMRV150-like plasmids were found in only 7.69% (1/13) of the O139 isolates tested during the early period of the O139 epidemic in Hangzhou (1994, 1996, and 1997); then the frequency increased gradually from 60.00% (3/5) during 1998 and 1999 to 92.16% (47/51) during 2000 to 2006. Most (42/51) of the O139 isolates bearing pMRV150-like plasmids were resistant to five to six antibiotics, whereas the plasmid-negative isolates were resistant only to one to three antibiotics. In 12 plasmid-bearing O139 isolates tested, the pMRV150-like plasmids ranged from approximately 140 kb to 170 kb and remained at approximately 1 or 2 copies per cell. High (4.50 × 10−2 and 3.08 × 10−2) and low (0.88 × 10−8 to 3.29 × 10−5) plasmid transfer frequencies, as well as no plasmid transfer (under the detection limit), from these O139 isolates to the Escherichia coli recipient were observed. The emergence of pMRV150-like or pIP1202-like plasmids in many bacterial pathogens and nonpathogens occupying diverse niches with global geographical distribution indicates an increasing risk to public health worldwide. Careful tracking of these plasmids in the microbial ecosystem is warranted.

scholarly journals Amelioration of the Cost of Conjugative Plasmid Carriage in Eschericha coli K12

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1641-1649
Author(s):  
Cecilia Dahlberg ◽  
Lin Chao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Bacterial Plasmid ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Although plasmids can provide beneficial functions to their host bacteria, they might confer a physiological or energetic cost. This study examines how natural selection may reduce the cost of carrying conjugative plasmids with drug-resistance markers in the absence of antibiotic selection. We studied two plasmids, R1 and RP4, both of which carry multiple drug resistance genes and were shown to impose an initial fitness cost on Escherichia coli. To determine if and how the cost could be reduced, we subjected plasmid-containing bacteria to 1100 generations of evolution in batch cultures. Analysis of the evolved populations revealed that plasmid loss never occurred, but that the cost was reduced through genetic changes in both the plasmids and the bacteria. Changes in the plasmids were inferred by the demonstration that evolved plasmids no longer imposed a cost on their hosts when transferred to a plasmid-free clone of the ancestral E. coli. Changes in the bacteria were shown by the lowered cost when the ancestral plasmids were introduced into evolved bacteria that had been cured of their (evolved) plasmids. Additionally, changes in the bacteria were inferred because conjugative transfer rates of evolved R1 plasmids were lower in the evolved host than in the ancestral host. Our results suggest that once a conjugative bacterial plasmid has invaded a bacterial population it will remain even if the original selection is discontinued.

scholarly journals Geographical distribution and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates from Kisumu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas O. Awuor ◽  
Eric O. Omwenga ◽  
Ibrahim I. Daud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Multiple drug resistance has become a major threat to the treatment of cholera. Recent studies in Kenya have described the epidemiology, especially the risk factors, of cholera; however, there is little information on the phenotypic and drug susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) in outbreaks that in the recent past have occurred in western Kenya.Aim: To characterise and determine the antibiotics’ susceptibility profiling of toxigenic V. cholerae isolates from Kisumu County.Setting: The project was conducted in Kisumu County, Kenya.Methods: A total of 119 V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, isolates collected during 2017 cholera outbreak in Kisumu County were used for this study. The samples were cultured on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar and biochemical tests were carried out using standard procedures. Susceptibility tests were conducted by using various conventional antibiotics against standard procedures.Results: Of the 119 isolates, 101 were confirmed to be V. cholerae belonging to serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, with Inaba being the predominant serotype (73.95%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), ofloxacin (100%), gentamycin (100%), doxycycline (99%), ceftriaxone (99%) and streptomycin (96.04%) antimicrobials, and resistant to erythromycin (53.47%), amoxicillin (64.4%), nalidixic acid (83.2%) and ampicillin (89.11%), with high resistance to cotrimoxazole (99%) and tetracycline (97%).Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae was resistant to multiple antibiotics, including those commonly used in the management of cholera. Taken together, there is a need to carry out regular surveillance on antimicrobial drug resistance during outbreaks.

scholarly journals Pheromone-Responsive Conjugative Vancomycin Resistance Plasmids in Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Humans and Chicken Feces

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6544-6553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Kyung Lim ◽  
Koichi Tanimoto ◽  
Haruyoshi Tomita ◽  
Yasuyoshi Ike
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Chicken Feces

ABSTRACT The drug resistances and plasmid contents of a total of 85 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) strains that had been isolated in Korea were examined. Fifty-four of the strains originated from samples of chicken feces, and 31 were isolated from hospital patients in Korea. Enterococcus faecalis KV1 and KV2, which had been isolated from a patient and a sample of chicken feces, respectively, were found to carry the plasmids pSL1 and pSL2, respectively. The plasmids transferred resistances to vancomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and erythromycin to E. faecalis strains at a high frequency of about 10−3 per donor cell during 4 hours of broth mating. E. faecalis strains containing each of the pSL plasmids formed clumps after 2 hours of incubation in broth containing E. faecalis FA2-2 culture filtrate (i.e., the E. faecalis sex pheromone), and the plasmid subsequently transferred to the recipient strain in a 10-min short mating in broth, indicating that the plasmids are responsive to E. faecalis pheromones. The pSL plasmids did not respond to any of synthetic pheromones for the previously characterized plasmids. The pheromone specific for pSL plasmids has been designated cSL1. Southern hybridization analysis showed that specific FspI fragments from each of the pSL plasmids hybridized with the aggregation substance gene (asa1) of the pheromone-responsive plasmid pAD1, indicating that the plasmids had a gene homologous to asa1. The restriction maps of the plasmids were identical, and the size of the plasmids was estimated to be 128.1 kb. The plasmids carried five drug resistance determinants for vanA, ermB, aph(3′), aph(6′), and aac(6′)/aph(2′), which encode resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin/kanamycin, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the drug resistance determinants and their flanking regions are described in this report. The results described provide evidence for the exchange of genetic information between human and animal (chicken) VRE reservoirs and suggest the potential for horizontal transmission of multiple drug resistance, including vancomycin resistance, between farm animals and humans via a pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid.

scholarly journals New Cluster of Plasmid-Located Class 1 Integrons in Vibrio cholerae O1 and a dfrA15 Cassette-Containing Integron in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated in Angola

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2493-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ceccarelli ◽  
Anna Maria Salvia ◽  
Joana Sami ◽  
Piero Cappuccinelli ◽  
Mauro Maria Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

ABSTRACT The resistance profile and its correlation with mobile genetic elements were investigated in 11 Vibrio cholerae O1 and 2 Vibrio parahaemolyticus clinical isolates, as well as in 1 V. cholerae O1 and 1 V. cholerae non-O1 environmental isolate, isolated between 1991 and 1996 in different provinces of Angola. All clinical isolates of V. cholerae O1 were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. They also contained a large conjugative plasmid (p3iANG) with a set of three class 1 integrons harboring dfrA15, blaP1, and qacH-aadA8 cassettes, which code for resistance to trimethoprim, beta-lactams, quaternary ammonium compounds, and aminoglycosides, clustered in a 19-kb region. Chloramphenicol (cat1), kanamycin (aph), sulfonamide (sul2), and tetracycline (tetG) resistance genes were also carried on the plasmid within the same 19-kb region. A chromosomal integron containing the dfrA15 cassette was also revealed in V. parahaemolyticus strains. SXT integrase genes were present in six V. cholerae isolates but apparently were not associated with known SXT-associated resistance genes. This study indicates that plasmids and integrons contributed mainly to the circulation of multiple-drug resistance determinants in Vibrio strains from Angola.

scholarly journals Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP. Sundaram ◽  
K. V. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Common

SUMMARYA total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. βlactamase production could be demonstrated in 92·8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae vceCAB Multiple-Drug Resistance Efflux Operon in Escherichia coli

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (15) ◽  
pp. 5500-5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C. Woolley ◽  
Govindsamy Vediyappan ◽  
Matthew Anderson ◽  
Melinda Lackey ◽  
Bhagavathi Ramasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT Herein, we identify vceC as a component of a vceCAB operon, which codes for the Vibrio cholerae VceAB multiple-drug resistance (MDR) efflux pump, and vceR, which codes for a transcriptional autoregulatory protein that negatively regulates the expression of the vceCAB operon and is modulated by some of the substrates of this MDR efflux pump.

Plasmid-Borne Multiple Drug Resistance in Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, Biotype El Tor: Evidence for a Point-Source Outbreak in Bangladesh

1983 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Glass ◽  
M. I. Huq ◽  
J. V. Lee ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
M. R. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
El Tor

Emergence of multiple drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae 01 El Tor from Ecuador

The Lancet ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (8880) ◽  
pp. 1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Threlfall ◽  
B. Said ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
A. Dávalos-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals A Transferable 20-Kilobase Multiple Drug Resistance-Conferring R Plasmid (pKL0018) from a Fish Pathogen (Lactococcus garvieae) Is Highly Homologous to a Conjugative Multiple Drug Resistance-Conferring Enterococcal Plasmid

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3370-3372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Maki ◽  
Mudjekeewis D. Santos ◽  
Hidehiro Kondo ◽  
Ikuo Hirono ◽  
Takashi Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Fish Pathogen ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Dry Sausage

ABSTRACT Lactococcus garvieae, the causative agent of lactococcosis, has evolved strains that are highly resistant to antibiotics. Here, the 20,034-bp sequence of L. garvieae conjugative plasmid pKL0018 was determined. It contained two ermB genes and one tetS gene and a backbone more than 96% identical to that of pRE25, an Enterococcus faecalis plasmid from dry sausage.

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