scholarly journals Microbiological and Genotypic Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3441-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo McCalla ◽  
Davida S. Smyth ◽  
D. Ashley Robinson ◽  
Judith Steenbergen ◽  
Steven A. Luperchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Accessory Gene Regulator ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment

ABSTRACT In a recent landmark trial of bacteremia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, vancomycin MICs were ≥1 μg/ml for only 16% of the isolates, and accessory gene regulator (agr) function as measured by delta-hemolysin activity was absent or reduced in only 28.1% of the isolates. This clinical study did not capture a population of MRSA isolates predictive of vancomycin treatment failure.

scholarly journals Comparison of Vancomycin Treatment Failures for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Stratified by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Joyce B. Wingler ◽  
Darrell T. Childress ◽  
Ricardo A. Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment

Background: Optimal treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias (MRSABs) with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) high within the susceptible range is of concern due to the high rate of mortality and increased prevalence. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate vancomycin treatment failures in patients with MRSAB stratified by vancomycin MIC. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, patients ≥19 years of age with MRSAB between July 2010 and December 2016 were included if they received intravenous vancomycin for ≥72 hours. Vancomycin treatment failures were compared between patients with vancomycin MICs of ≤1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. Vancomycin treatment failure was defined as microbiological failure at 7 days. Inpatient mortality, 30-day readmission, vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity, and early bacteremia clearance at 48 to 96 hours were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in the vancomycin MIC ≤1 mg/L group and 22 patients in the vancomycin MIC 2 mg/L group. No significant difference was found in vancomycin treatment failures at 7 days between groups (88% vs 91%, respectively; P = .850). At 96 hours, there was no significant difference in vancomycin treatment failures between groups (72% vs 90%, respectively; P = .127). No significant difference was found in mortality ( P > .99) or 30-day readmission ( P > .99). Conclusions: In this study, vancomycin treatment failures were not more prevalent in patients with vancomycin MIC of 2 mg/L at 7 days. Regardless of MIC, antibiotics should be switched to an alternative agent at 7 days for persistent bacteremia.

scholarly journals Bisdemethoxycurcumin Reduces Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Expression of Virulence-Related Exoproteins and Inhibits the Biofilm Formation

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Shu Wang ◽  
Ok-Hwa Kang ◽  
Dong-Yeul Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Accessory Gene Regulator ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen of nosocomial infection, which is resistant to most antibiotics. Presently, anti-virulence therapy and anti-biofilm therapy are considered to be promising alternatives. In the current work, we investigated the influence of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on the virulence-related exoproteins and the biofilm formation using a reference strain and clinic isolated strains. Western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release assay were performed to assess the efficacy of BDMC in reducing the expression of Staphylococcus enterotoxin-related exoproteins (enterotoxin A, enterotoxin B) and α-toxin in MRSA. The anti-biofilm activity of BDMC was evaluated through a biofilm inhibition assay. The study suggests that sub-inhibitory concentrations of BDMC significantly inhibited the expression of sea, seb, and hla at the mRNA level in MRSA. Moreover, the expression of virulence-related exoproteins was significantly decreased by down-regulating accessory gene regulator agr, and the inhibition of biofilms formation was demonstrated by BDMC at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Consequently, the study suggests that BDMC may be a potential natural antibacterial agent to release the pressure brought by antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Bacterial Targets of Antibiotics in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Harshad Lade ◽  
Jae-Seok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Accessory Gene Regulator ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Lipid Ii ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens and continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. MRSA is a commensal bacterium in humans and is transmitted in both community and healthcare settings. Successful treatment remains a challenge, and a search for new targets of antibiotics is required to ensure that MRSA infections can be effectively treated in the future. Most antibiotics in clinical use selectively target one or more biochemical processes essential for S. aureus viability, e.g., cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis (translation), DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription), or metabolic processes, such as folic acid synthesis. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanism of action of antibiotics from different classes and discuss insights into the well-established primary targets in S. aureus. Further, several components of bacterial cellular processes, such as teichoic acid, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the lipid II cycle, auxiliary factors of β-lactam resistance, two-component systems, and the accessory gene regulator quorum sensing system, are discussed as promising targets for novel antibiotics. A greater molecular understanding of the bacterial targets of antibiotics has the potential to reveal novel therapeutic strategies or identify agents against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Caused by Community-Associated PVL-Negative Strain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Woo Lee ◽  
Seongman Bae ◽  
Eunmi Yang ◽  
Hyemin Chung ◽  
Eunsil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background ST72-SCCmecIV, a community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain in Korea, originated in the community and has been spreading in the healthcare settings. Herein, we describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired MRSA bacteremia (MRSAB) caused by community-associated strains. Methods We analyzed hospital-acquired MRSAB cases caused by ST72-SCCmecIV using a prospective cohort of patients with SAB at in a tertiary hospital in Korea from July 2008 to December 2018. We compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of ST72-SCCmecIV with ST5-SCCmecII, a representative hospital-associated genotype strain. Results Of the 1782 S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) cases, 628 (35.2%) were hospital-acquired MRSAB. Of the 628 isolates, 431 (68.6%) were ST5-SCCmecII and 152 (24.2%) were ST72-SCCmecIV. Patients with ST72-SCCmecIV were younger than those with ST5-SCCmecII and less likely to have a history of recent surgery, antibiotic treatment, nasal MRSA colonization, and central venous catheter placement. Compared with ST5-SCCmecII, ST72-SCCmecIV isolates were more likely to have vancomycin MICs ≤ 1.0 mg/L (P < 0.001). Osteoarticular infection as site of infection [7.2% (11/152) vs. 1.4% (6/431)] was more common in patients with ST72-SCCmecIV. There were no significant differences in the rate of recurrence (≤ 90 days), persistent bacteremia (≥ 7 days), and 30- and 90-day mortality rates between the two groups. Conclusions Osteoarticular infections were more prevalent in ST72-SCCmecIV MRSAB. Mortality rates between the ST72-SCCmecIV and ST5-SCCmecII groups were not significantly different.

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